基于三维激光扫描仪的无序工件精准定位北大核心CSCD

为了获取生产线上无序且被遮挡的工件的准确位姿,为后续机械臂对工件特定部位的抓取提供支持,本文使用高精度三维激光扫描仪扫描生产线上无序摆放的工件,然后对原始点云先后采用Voxel-Grid降采样、平面分割和DBSCAN聚类,分割出单个工件点云,再用K-4PCS粗配准和kd-tree加速的GICP精配准方法,将工件实际点云与标准的点云模板(由工件的机械设计图转化而来)进行配准,最终得到了两者之间精确的位姿变换矩阵,进而获得工件摆放的准确位姿。为了验证论文提出方法的有效性,对生产线上3组形状不同工件的摆放位姿进行了测试。结果表明,该方法对于不同形状的工件摆放位姿都有很好的求解精度(误差≤3 mm)。     

基于状态熵权和双轨制TOPSIS的电能质量实时综合评估方法

为实现电能质量连续、实时综合评估,提出了一种全域电能质量评估体系,设计了综合评估方法。首先,使用熵权法构造各指标间数据信息量的对比通道,实现对电能质量指标影响权重的常权赋予,保证赋权的客观性。通过构造状态变元,对计算单元内各点权重进行动态调整,保证指标时序赋权的动态特性,增强时域下的权重分辨率。然后,提出了双轨制TOPSIS评估方法,分别开辟数据与等级的TOPSIS计算路径,避免数据与等级杂糅对两者内部相对关系的破坏,减小评估标准对于数据的依赖,保证各时段评估标准的一致性。最后,实时判断两者贴合度,完成数据向等级的并轨,得到以综合评估等级为判据的电能质量整体状态评价和以状态权重为参考的等级变化成因分析。通过算例分析验证了该评估方法能够实现实时评估,具备准确快速地反映电能质量随时间变化的能力,且评估流程具有普适性。     

Solar-Driven Interfacial Evaporation Accelerated Electrocatalytic Water Splitting on 2D Perovskite Oxide/MXene Heterostructure

The rational design of economic and high-performance electrocatalytic water-splitting systems is of great significance for energy and environmental sustainability. Developing a sustainable energy conversion-assisted electrocatalytic process provides a promising novel approach to effectively boost its performance. Herein, a self-sustained water-splitting system originated from the heterostructure of perovskite oxide with 2D Ti₃C₂T_x MXene on Ni foam (La_1-xSr_xCoO₃/Ti₃C₂T_x MXene/Ni) that shows high activity for solar-powered water evaporation and simultaneous electrocatalytic water splitting is presented. The all-in-one interfacial electrocatalyst exhibits highly improved oxygen evolution reaction (OER) performance with a low overpotential of 279 mV at 10 mA cm⁻² and a small Tafel slope of 74.3 mV dec⁻¹, superior to previously reported perovskite oxide-based electrocatalysts. Density functional theory calculations reveal that the integration of La_0.9Sr_0.1CoO₃ with Ti₃C₂T_x MXene can lower the energy barrier for the electron transfer and decrease the OER overpotential, while COMSOL simulations unveil that interfacial solar evaporation could induce OH⁻ enrichment near the catalyst surfaces and enhance the convection flow above the catalysts to remove the generated gas, remarkably accelerating the kinetics of electrocatalytic water splitting.     

2D MoN1.2-rGO Stacked Heterostructures Enabled Water State Modification for Highly Efficient Interfacial Solar Evaporation

Improving interfacial solar evaporation performance is crucial for the practical application of this technology in solar-driven seawater desalination. Lowering evaporation enthalpy is one of the most promising and effective strategies to significantly improve solar evaporation rate. In this study, a new pathway to lower vaporization enthalpy by introducing heterogeneous interactions between hydrophilic hybrid materials and water molecules is developed. 2D MoN_1.2 nanosheets are synthesized and integrated with rGO nanosheets to form stacked MoN_1.2-rGO heterostructures with massive junction interfaces for interfacial solar evaporation. Molecular dynamics simulation confirms that atomic thick 2D MoN_1.2 and rGO in the MoN_1.2-rGO heterostructures simultaneously interact with water molecules, while the interactions are remarkably different. These heterogeneous interactions cause an imbalanced water state, which easily breaks the hydrogen bonds between water molecules, leading to dramatically lowered vaporization enthalpy and improved solar evaporation rate (2.6 kg m⁻² h⁻¹). This study provides a promising strategy for designing 2D-2D heterostructures to regulate evaporation enthalpy to improve solar evaporate rate for clean water production.     

基于计算机图形和多孔介质的树冠孔隙率反演

树冠孔隙率(GF)决定了光和气流穿过树冠与植被元素相互作用进行光合作用和蒸腾的传输情况,在多孔介质理论启发下,受计算机图形学的启发,将树冠中的植被元素定量为固体矩阵,将树冠中的缝隙作为孔隙来指导GF计算。通过从地面激光扫描数据中提取单个叶片,并采用拟合算法去除噪声和描绘叶片边缘,创新地定义了叶片卷曲和下垂程度的等效厚度,并从拟合点中计算出来。然后,用自适应尺寸分配的六边形棱镜包住每片叶子的扫描点,用圆柱体模型拟合每个枝干,以计算树冠的等效叶子和枝干体积。结果显示,分割的叶片数为紫薇(1193片)、樱花(2540片)以及含笑(379片),估计的GF分别为：紫薇0.990,樱花树0.976,含笑0.978。     

大规模定制整体衣柜结构设计规范化

目的探讨大规模定制整体衣柜单元组合设计的规范及组合方法。方法通过市场调研、观察研究和理论分析的方法,在对整体衣柜定义、整体衣柜设计要素和整体衣柜设计原则探讨的基础上,通过将整体衣柜分解成若干个单元、能随意组合和内部功能的划分、通用五金连接和组装便可实现多样化的结构形式,对大规模定制整体衣柜结构设计规范化进行研究,主要包括整体衣柜的用材构成、基本结构构成设计、最合理化尺寸设计、大规模定制整体衣柜结构设计规范化的实施过程。结论对大规模定制家具的实践和整体衣柜结构设计开发具有一定的参考价值。     

Cortex—M3的生态物联网数据采集分站设计

以Cortex—M3处理器LM3S811为核心,设计了面向森林生态监测的物联网数据采集终端分站系统。通过单总线数字式温湿度传感器、烟雾传感器、CO2传感器和环境光亮度传感器分别采集温度、湿度、可燃性颗粒物、CO2含量和光照等与林木生态相关的环境信息和林场防火的相关信息。由LM3S81l处理器处理并添加分站ID和校验码后...     

基于灰度共生矩阵和聚类方法的木材缺陷识别

文章提出了一种新的基于灰度共生矩阵的木材纹理特征提取和聚类分析的木材缺陷识别方法。该方法基于灰度共生矩阵,提取5个具有代表性的纹理特征：能量（E）,惯性矩（I）,均值和（SOA）,聚类阴影（SOC）,方差和（SOV）,实现数据降维,对产生的特征数据集分别利用k-means算法及AP算法进行聚类,自动找出并正确标识木材表面缺陷位置,并对比分析不同木材表面缺陷类型识别效率。实验结果表明,该方法能快速有效地进行木材表面缺陷自动识别。     

一种多序列比对分治算法DCA-ClustalW

多序列比对是生物信息学研究中最基本的一项内容,多序列比对的精确算法是一个NP-hard问题,一般研究者都侧重于设计多序列比对近似算法,最有代表性的近似算法是ClustalW;分而治之是一种重要的算法设计思想,它将复杂问题分割成更简单的子问题来解决,能有效提高算法效率。本文设计了一个DCA-ClustalW算法,对多序列比对问题,同时考虑从纵向和横向两个方面将复杂问题分割成简单易解的子问题,在BaliBase基准数据集上测试表明,该算法是可行的。     

Least squares twin support vector machines for pattern classification

In this paper we formulate a least squares version of the recently proposed twin support vector machine (TSVM) for binary classification. This formulation leads to extremely simple and fast algorithm for generating binary classifiers based on two non-parallel hyperplanes. Here we attempt to solve two modified primal problems of TSVM, instead of two dual problems usually solved. We show that the solution of the two modified primal problems reduces to solving just two systems of linear equations as opposed to solving two quadratic programming problems along with two systems of linear equations in TSVM. Classification using nonlinear kernel also leads to systems of linear equations. Our experiments on publicly available datasets indicate that the proposed least squares TSVM has comparable classification accuracy to that of TSVM but with considerably lesser computational time. Since linear least squares TSVM can easily handle large datasets, we further went on to investigate its efficiency for text categorization applications. Computational results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method over linear proximal SVM on all the text corpuses considered.