Theoretical investigation on cyclic reciprocal derivative chronopotentiometry: Kinetic study of totally irreversible electrode processes

Theoretical expressions and mathematical analysis in cyclic reciprocal derivative chronopotentiometry (CRDCP) are presented for totally irreversible electrode processes corresponding to the application of symmetrical and unsymmetrical programmed currents. For two successive unsymmetrical programmed currents, the effect of the currents ratio b (b = |I₂(t)/I₁(t)|) on the (dt/dE)–E curves is discussed. The electrochemical behavior of totally irreversible electrode processes has been studied corresponding to the application of the unique unsymmetrical programmed Φ^m(I₀) proposed recently. CRDCP characteristic parameters obtained for totally irreversible electrode processes are different from those of reversible electrode processes. Therefore, a comparison of CRDCP between both mechanisms is presented. Based on the mathematical derivation, alternative methods for kinetic measuring are described. It is prospected that CRDCP is convenient and applicable for studying the reversibility of the electrode processes in form of CRDCP characteristic parameters.     

Synthesis and properties of biodegradable hydrogels of κ-carrageenan grafted acrylic acid-co-2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid as candidates for drug delivery systems

Novel types of highly swelling hydrogels were prepared by grafting crosslinked polyacrylic acid-co-poly-2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid (PAA-co-PAMPS) chains onto κ-carrageenan through a free radical polymerization method. Here, we propose a mechanism for κ-carrageenan-g-PAA-co-PAMPS formation and confirm the hydrogel structure using FTIR spectroscopy. The effect of grafting variables (i.e. concentration of methylenebisacrylamide (MBA), acrylic acid/-2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid (AA/AMPS) weight ratio, ammonium persulfate (APS), κ-carrageenan, neutralization percent and reaction temperature) were systematically optimized to achieve a hydrogel with a maximum swelling capacity. The maximum water absorbency of the optimized final product was 1238 g/g, while poly-2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid-g-κ-carrageenan and polyacrylic acid-g-κ-carrageenan hydrogels swelled to a range of 135–800 g/g. The swelling of superabsorbent hydrogels was measured in various solutions with pH values ranging from 1 to 13. In addition, the pH reversibility, on–off switching behavior and swelling kinetics in distilled water were preliminarily investigated.     

Influence of starting powder choice on structure property relations in gadolinia stabilized zirconia 3Gd-TZP manufactured from co-milled starting powders

Two 3Gd-TZP materials were manufactured from powders produced by intense mixing and milling of unstabilized zirconia starting powders and gadolinia as stabilizer oxide by hot pressing at 1250 °C – 1400 °C. The materials show a combination of high toughness and moderate strength. In detail depending on starting powder the two TZP showed distinct differences concerning transformation characteristics, sintering temperature dependence of mechanical properties and the tendency to develop R-curve related deformation features such as non-linear stress strain curves and formation of transformation bands prior to fracture.     

弛豫铁电体Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-PbTiO3的相变

测量了(1-x％)镁铌酸铅-x％钛酸铅(1≤X≤11)(简称PMNTx)陶瓷样品的介电常数、内耗和Young’s模量．观测到在Tm温度附近，即在介电常数达到最大值时，出现一个内耗峰，并且模量发生软化．这反映了极化纳米微畴的弛豫．对于PMNTx(5≤x≤11)的样品，在Tm温度以下的某个温度出现附加的内耗峰和Young’s模量的异常，表明样品中发生了自发的弛豫铁电到铁电(简称R-F)的相变，对R-F相变的机制进行了讨论．     

Infra-chromatic bound for exact maximum clique search

Many efficient exact branch and bound maximum clique solvers use approximate coloring to compute an upper bound on the clique number for every subproblem. This technique reasonably promises tight bounds on average, but never tighter than the chromatic number of the graph.Li and Quan, 2010, AAAI Conference, p. 128–133 describe a way to compute even tighter bounds by reducing each colored subproblem to maximum satisfiability problem (MaxSAT). Moreover they show empirically that the new bounds obtained may be lower than the chromatic number.Based on this idea this paper shows an efficient way to compute related “infra-chromatic” upper bounds without an explicit MaxSAT encoding. The reported results show some of the best times for a stand-alone computer over a number of instances from standard benchmarks.     

中断驱动系统模型检验

针对一类中断驱动系统提出了一种建模和模型检验的方法.该系统通常由中断处理程序和操作系统调度的任务组成,前者由中断源触发后处理中断事件,后者则负责处理系统的日常任务以及某些中断处理事件的后续处理.因为这类系统是实时控制系统,对中断事件的处理需要在规定时间内响应并完成,否则可能造成严重的系统失效.为了帮助系统设计人员在系统设计过程中应用模型检验技术来提高系统的正确性,首先确定了此类系统中与时序性质相关的系统要素(包括系统调度任务、中断源、中断处理程序)和相关参数,并要求设计人员在设计阶段明确指出这些要素的参数.然后,提出了将这些要素和参数自动转化为形式化模型的方法:使用时间自动机对中断事件进行建模,使用中断向量表和CPU处理栈对中断处理过程进行建模.对于得到的形式化模型,给出了针对中断处理超时错误的检测方法,并在此基础上给出了针对共享资源的完整性、子程序原子性的检验方法.     

无线网络编码感知路由综述

流间网络编码具有改善无线网络性能的潜力,然而,由于实际网络中编码机会数量通常十分有限,仅仅被动地利用编码机会无法获得高的性能增益.编码感知路由的核心思想是使用有利于网络编码的路由,它通过在路由建立阶段构造特定的编码结构,可以主动创造编码机会.系统地总结了流间网络编码中的编码结构,并以此为主线,分类介绍了编码感知路由的研究现状.最后,对编码感知路由的研究热点进行了展望.     

基于访问控制的动态着色技术在攻击检测中的研究

内存腐烂攻击在软件安全攻击中占据着较大的比重。近来,动态着色技术得到了越来越多的关注,这种技术通过在访问内存时检测指针的完整性来抵御攻击。然而,存在一类可以绕过指针完整性检查的策略来进行攻击的实例,比如数组的越界访问攻击。提出了一种基于动态着色跟踪分析的方法来解决这类已有着色技术不能检测的问题。其思想是,借助于内存访问控制的思路,首先像已有的动态着色技术那样,在内存访问时对指针进行完整性检查,然后检查指针将要访问的内存区域是否处于指针合理的访问范围之内。原型系统是基于Valgrind的,并不需要源码,因此可以用于很多商业软件。初步实验验证结果表明,该方法可以有效地检测出很多类型的攻击,系统的性能损耗接近于Memcheck这种常用的内存错误检测工具。