松花江突发水污染可视化模拟系统研究与实现

针对目前松花江流域突发水污染日益严重,水污染可视化模拟不足的情况,基于可视化技术,研究水质模型与3S集成环境的融合方法与途径,构建了松花江突发水污染可视化模拟系统,实现了水质模型计算数据的动态可视化展现。着重介绍了三角网的构建和水质数据的拟合。以2005年松花江水污染为例,模拟了污染物的扩散和迁移过程,证明了该系统的有效性。     

An optimal model for estimating suspended sediment concentration from Landsat TM images in the Caofeidian coastal waters

Suspended sediment concentration (SSC) is one of the most critical parameters in water quality and environmental evaluations. Remote sensing has the potential for monitoring the dynamics and spatial distribution of SSC efficiently. The primary objective of this study is to develop retrieval models that are reliable and sensitive to SSC levels in the Caofeidian area, a new seaport in northeast China, based on Landsat-5 Thematic Mapper (TM) images and a set of in situ data sets, including spectral reflectance data and water quality data. The study finds that the band reflectance ratio and binary combination factor (i.e. the ratio of the reflectance to the particle size) are more effective than single band reflectance, and a non-linear model is more potent than a linear model for predicting SSC in the Caofeidian waters. A quadratic polynomial regression model of the R_TM3/R_TM2 ratio is proposed as the optimal retrieval model after evaluating various models with respect to different sensitive factors. The accuracy of the model is acceptable with a relative error and a root mean square error of 25.35% and 7.22 mg l^–1, respectively; the correlation coefficient between the observed and estimated SSCs is 0.986. This study also indicates that the band reflectance ratio and binary combination factor are effective in weakening and even partially eliminating the effects of the changes in the sediment type (i.e. particle size and refractive index). And the band reflectance ratio is more efficient. Using the proposed model and TM data, SSC levels for the entire region were estimated. Such results can serve as a baseline for future environmental monitoring efforts.     

松辽盆地北部大庆长垣南端上白垩统四方台组物源体系分析

物源体系制约着层间水的流动方向及砂体储层的展布。前人对松辽盆地北部上白垩统物源体系分析多集中在四方台组以下,缺乏对四方台组物源的报道。因此,在结合区域地质认识的基础上,通过沉积构造分析、砂体展布形态及重矿物分析等手段,系统研究了松辽盆地北部大庆长垣南端四方台组物源体系特征,明确了物源方向与母岩类型。结果表明,四方台组地层的母岩类型主要为中酸性岩浆岩与中高级变质岩;通过与源区对比分析,认为大庆长垣南端四方台组物源主要来自张广才岭、吉黑东部及盆地东南部地区。     

基于DAMA卫星系统的IP接入设计

TCP协议是面向连接的网络传输协议,当其应用在信道资源按需分配(DAMA)的卫星系统中时,TCP连接开始时所需的卫星链路并不存在,从而会导致TCP连接建立的失败。IP接入控制器配置在IP网络、卫星信道及网络管理设备之间,通过IP过滤、IP欺骗等方法将TCP数据转化为申请信令。解决了TCP业务的传输与卫星信道按需分配的匹配问题。     

韩国原生"东海地浆水"功效与开发前景

韩国原生“东海地浆水”富含对人体健康有益的微量元素与矿物质，具有独特的抑制有害细菌生长的功效。“地浆水”是否还蕴含较强的能量场效应，作用于生命机体及促进新陈代谢还有待进一步进行深入研究。     

海河流域洪水资源利用潜力研究

洪水具有水害和水利双重特性,在不同的历史阶段洪水资源利用的表现形式是不完全相同的。从广义和狭义两方面指出了洪水资源利用的内涵。根据海河流域所具有的河系分散、降水区域分布不均匀、洪水相对集中等特点,通过水库、蓄滞洪区、河系连通等工程措施和洪水调度中与水量调度、污染物调度、沙量调度相结合的非工程措施以及洪水资源利用量等方面综合分析,得出了流域洪水资源利用的潜力。指出开展海河流域洪水资源利用的必要性、可行性,并从流域管理角度提出了保障洪水资源利用的具体措施。     

浅湖区水上瞬变电磁法探测地下构造效果研究

本文应用水上瞬变电磁方法探测承德坝上地区月亮湖水文地质结构。为了解浅湖区深部地层、断裂及导水构造特征,在总结前人开展的水(海)上瞬变电磁勘探经验的基础上,采用晚期道信噪比较高的中心回线(大定源)瞬变电磁装置,对水下岩层垂向结构及隐伏断裂进行了探测。通过采集试验确定了有效的工作参数,在严格数据采集过程、选用合理的数据处理方法基础上取得了较好的应用效果。结果表明:大定源瞬变电磁装置在浅湖区可达到200 m的探测深度,垂向可分辨厚度为21～50 m的玄武岩层,剖面深部地层横向连续性好,不存在导水断裂,湖区下方探测结果受"低阻屏蔽效应"影响存在相对低阻异常,地质解释须结合地质资料综合研判。本次工作可为其他浅水区瞬变电磁勘探提供借鉴。     

Research on the Relationships Between Rainfall and Meteorological Yield in Irrigation District

Rainfall and grain yield are two closely related random variables to be worthy of studying. The meteorological yield explains the influences of weather changes on grain yield. Based on the data series from 1980 to 2006 in Jinghuiqu irrigation district of Shaanxi Province in China, the meteorological yield is achieved from grain yield. Then, the empirical mode decomposition method is applied to analyze fluctuating periods and local features of rainfall and meteorological yield. Meanwhile, the copula method is introduced into describe the joint probability distribution of rainfall and meteorological yield. The studied results show that rainfall and meteorological yield exist vary fluctuation periods with multi-time scales, including 2 to 4 years of short period level, 4 to 6 (or 7) years of middle period level and 19 (or 10 to 11) years of long period level. Using the frank copula method, the bivariate distribution and return period of rainfall and meteorological yield was successfully developed to reveal the encounter risk of their different magnitudes. Finally, similarly with rainfall and meteorological yield, the complex changes and fluctuation periods are also proven to be existed in their joint probability.     

地下水开采对海河流域水循环过程影响的模拟

利用分布式时变增益水文模型(DTVGM)的产流机制改进CLM3.5(Community Land Model version 3.5)的水文过程参数化,同时嵌入地下水开采对流域水循环影响的模块,并考虑经济社会用水,建立能够描述流域自然-人文过程的大尺度陆地水循环模型(CLM-DTVGM)。以地下水开采严重的海河流域为研究区,以中科院青藏高原研究所建立的中国区域高时空分辨率地面气象要素数据集作为大气强迫驱动,针对海河流域1980年-2010年的水循环过程进行模拟,分析地下水开采活动对流域水循环过程的影响。结果表明:地下水开采活动引起海河流域地表径流和土壤湿度整体有所减少,蒸散发则呈增加趋势,且各水循环要素空间分异较大。     

基于污染物通量的潘家口—大黑汀水源地水污染生态补偿量化研究

回顾我国水污染补偿的研究及实践,分析潘家口—大黑汀水源地及入库河流的水质状况,在明确考核断面及考核指标的基础上,建立基于污染物通量的水污染补偿量化估算模型,并根据2013年潘家口—大黑汀水源地入库河流的水质和水量监测数据,估算入库河流水污染生态补偿量。