批判的“视知觉训练”：一次建筑美术教改

目前国内的建筑美术教育，可以归纳为“传统技法训练”“结构素描训练”以及更符合当下趋势的“视知觉训练”三大体系。通过分析它们的发源和特点，对比不同学者的教学总结，可以归纳出现今国内建筑美术教育概况及其革新方向。同时，在深入分析“视知觉训练”体系之具体教学构架、特性及不足的基础上，针对地方院校建筑美术教育现状，从“在地性”“课程联动”“个人情感”等方面入手能够提出某种批判视角下的“视知觉训练”新构想，并据此进行相应的教改实验。     

X-Ray-Responsive Zeolitic Imidazolate Framework-Capped Nanotherapeutics for Cervical Cancer-Targeting Radiosensitization

Developing radiosensitizers based on the characteristics of the tumor microenvironment can improve the effectiveness and overcome the bottleneck of cervical cancer radiotherapy. Herein, an in situ synthesis strategy is demonstrated by using a highly bioactive zeolitic imidazolate framework to cap Mn₃O₄ and folic acid as targeting molecules (FA-Mn₃O₄@ZIF-8) to achieve enhanced radiosensitization against cervical cancer. As expected, the ZIF-8 cap on the surface of Mn₃O₄ responds more effectively to X-rays. Meanwhile, by facilitating the presence of oxygen vacancies and valence transition of manganese on the surface of Mn₃O₄, the ZIF-8 cap on Mn₃O₄ can increase the catalytic capacity for hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) and glutathione as well as produce more singlet oxygen under X-ray, alleviate hypoxia within the tumor microenvironment, and increase reactive oxygen species production. Moreover, FA-Mn₃O₄@ZIF-8 shows excellent radiotherapy-sensitizing properties in vitro and in vivo by promoting DNA damage and apoptosis. Collectively, this study suggests that designing and construction of X-ray responsive nanoradiosensitizers could be a good way for future clinical radiotherapy of malignant cervical cancer.     

Living Microneedle Patch with Adipose-Derived Stem Cells Embedding for Diabetic Ulcer Healing

Stem cells have demonstrated values in diabetic ulcer (DU) treatments. Challenges in this area are focused on enhancing the localized curative effects of stem cells and improving diabetic wound healing efficiently. Herein, a novel living microneedle (MN) patch is presented as a localized delivery system of bioactive platelet derived growth factor D (PDGF-D) and human adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) for DU wound treatment. Compared with traditional complicated stem cell carriers, the MN patch can keep stem cell viability for ADSCs encapsulation and delivery, and possesses good mechanical strengths to penetrate the local skin wounds noninvasively. It is demonstrated that the delivery ADSCs are with the abilities of angiogenesis promotion during the DU wound healing; while the additive PDGF-D can contribute significantly to the proliferation of ADSCs, strengthening the cell function of ADSCs and further facilitating the healing processes. Thus, living MN patches accelerate vascularization, tissue regeneration, and collagen deposition in a wounded diabetic mouse model, suggesting their potential application to DU wound healing and other therapeutic applications.     

Interface engineering of crystalline/amorphous Pt/TeOx nanocapsules for efficient alkaline hydrogen evolution

Hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is an important process in electrochemical energy technology, and efficient electrocatalysts are of great significance for renewable and sustainable energy conversion. Here, we report a facile hydrothermal and heat treatment process to synthesize a series of Pt-based nanocapsules (NCs) as an effective hydrogen evolution catalyst. The Pt/TeO_x NCs exhibit excellent HER activity in an alkaline medium. The Pt/TeO_x NCs only need the overpotential of 33 mV to achieve the current density of 10 mA cm⁻², and the Tafel slope was as low as 29 mV dec⁻¹, which was even better than that of commercial Pt/C. Detailed experimental characterizations demonstrate that the interface between the crystalline Pt/amorphous TeO_x and the strong electron transfer contribute to alkaline HER activity. This work opens up a new direction for the preparation of efficient catalysts for electrocatalytic reactions or other conversion filed.     

Photothermal Responsive Digital Polymerase Chain Reaction Resolving Exosomal microRNAs Expression in Liver Cancer

Exosomal microRNAs have been studied as a good source of noninvasive biomarkers due to their functions in genetic exchange between cells and have been already well documented in many biological activities; however, inaccuracy remains a key challenge for liver cancer surveillance. Herein, a versatile duplex photothermal digital polymerase chain reaction (PCR) strategy combined with a lipid nanoparticle-based exosome capture approach is proposed to profile microRNAs expression through a 3-h easy-to-operate process. The microfluidically-generated molybdenum disulfide-nanocomposite-doped gelatin microcarriers display attractive properties as a 2–4 °C s⁻¹ ramping-up rate triggered by near-infrared and reversible sol–gel transforming in step with PCR activation. To achieve PCR thermocycling, the corresponding irradiation coordinating with fan cooling are automatically performed via a homemade control module with programs. Thus, taking the multiplexing capability of dual-color labeling, 19–31 folds higher in exosomal microRNA-200b-3p and microRNA-21-5p, and tenfold lower in microRNA-22-3p expressions relative to the control microRNA-26a-5p are quantified in two liver cancer cells (Huh7 and HepG2) than in those from the healthy cells. It is believed that this exosomal microRNA genotyping method would be highly applicable for liver cancer diagnostics.     

数字模型化在建筑消防设施与防火监督中的应用

近年来,高层建筑逐渐增加,建筑结构的复杂度随之提高,一旦出现安全事故,就容易造成较大的经济损失和人员伤亡。在建筑内部安全隐患中,火灾隐患防控是火灾整治的重点关注内容,需要重视监督工作和消防设施的配置工作,有效应对高层建筑火灾问题,阻止火灾的蔓延。基于此,我国在高层和超高层建筑消防方面更加重视火灾防控的数字模型化,在明确火灾隐患因素后,可有效安排消防设施,为后续的防火监督工作提供支持,从而提高高层和超高层建筑防火监督工作的质量。     

Self-Catalytic Ternary Compounds for Efficient Synthesis of High-Quality Boron Nitride Nanotubes

The large-scale synthesis of high-quality boron nitride nanotubes (BNNTs) has attracted considerable interests due to their applications in nanocomposites, thermal management, and so on. Despite decades of development, efficient preparation of high-quality BNNTs, which relies on the effective design of precursors and catalysts and deep insights into the catalytic mechanisms, is still urgently needed. Here, a self-catalytic process is designed to grow high-quality BNNTs using ternary W–B–Li compounds. W–B–Li compounds provide boron source and catalyst for BNNTs growth. High-quality BNNTs are successfully obtained via this approach. Density functional theory-based molecular dynamics (DFT-MD) simulations demonstrate that the Li intercalation into the lattice of W₂B₅ promotes the formation of W–B–Li liquid and facilitates the compound evaporation for efficient BNNTs growth. This work demonstrates a high-efficient self-catalytic growth of high-quality BNNTs via ternary W–B–Li compounds, providing a new understanding of high-quality BNNTs growth.     

Prospects of non-linear optical behaviour of PZT/ZnO heterostructures

PZT and ZnO heterostructures were fabricated by using the sol-gel spin-coating method on two different substrates, viz., ITO-coated glass and Corning glass. UV–Vis spectroscopy of these heterostructures showed 80% transparency in the visible region of the electromagnetic spectrum, which is desirable for optical device applications. Tauc's relation was used to calculate the energy bandgap, which was found to be blue shifted to 3.96 eV in the case of the heterostructure on ITO-coated glass and 3.9 eV for that on Corning glass, indicating a difference of ΔE = 0.06 eV due to the change in substrate. The refractive index (n), extinction coefficient (k), and the real and imaginary parts of the dielectric constant (ε₁ and ε₂) of the heterostructures were estimated. The second order non-linear refractive index (n₂) and the third order non-linear optical susceptibility (χ⁽³⁾) were determined by generalized Miller's rule in the photon energy range of 0.5–6.5 eV by using the UV–Vis spectroscopic data. The respective values of χ⁽¹⁾ and χ⁽³⁾ values were found to be in the range 0.10–0.45 and 3.88 × 10⁻¹³–6.0 × 10⁻¹². The optical and structural studies established that the nanocrystalline PZT-ZnO heterostructure on ITO-coated glass was more optically transparent and had better non-linear properties as compared to that on the corning glass substrate. These properties are advantageous for optoelectronic device applications.     

Dynamically Reconstructed Collagen Fibers for Transmitting Mechanical Signals to Assist Macrophages Tracing Breast Cancer Cells

Constructing proper in vitro tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) is important for cancer immune-therapy studies, while the selection of biomaterials is critical. As innate immune cells, macrophages can target and kill cancer cells in vivo at the early stage of tumor development. However, this targeting phenomenon has not been observed in vitro. Herein, a quasi-3D in vitro cell culture model is constructed to mimic TIME by integrating hydrogel collagen as extracellular matrix for cells. In the collagen-based quasi-3D in vitro system, for the first time, it is found that macrophages can be attracted toward cancer cells along the dynamically reconstructed collagen fibers. By combining traction force microscopy and customized micro-manipulator system, it is revealed that the collagen matrix-transmitted tensile force signaling precisely guides the migration of macrophages toward cancer cells. The mechano-responsiveness mechanism is related to the activation of mechanosensitive ion channels, and the induced local increase of calcium signal, which is proved to enhance the F-actin assembly and to guide the cell migration. This novel mechanism advances the understanding of the role of collagen fibers in mechanotaxis of macrophages. Taken together, it has great potential for assisting biomaterial designs in developing new drug-screening models and clinical strategies for cancer immune-therapy.     

婴幼儿奶粉和米粉中蜡样芽胞杆菌及其毒素、毒力基因的调查研究

了解婴幼儿奶粉及米粉中蜡样芽胞杆菌污染状况及其毒素、毒力基因的携带特点。方法 采用稀释培养计数(MPN计数)法分离蜡样芽胞杆菌,采用PCR技术检测10种蜡样芽胞杆菌的腹泻毒素及呕吐毒素基因,在流动相A为0.1%甲酸-乙腈溶液,流动相 B为0.1%甲酸-0.2 mmol/L乙酸铵溶液条件下,用Acquity BEH300 C₁₈色谱柱(100 mm×2.1 mm,1.7 μm)对样品进行分离,采用超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法检测样品中的呕吐毒素(cereulide)。结果 本研究共监测39份样品,28份检出蜡样芽胞杆菌,检出率为71.79%(28/39)；2份检出呕吐毒素,检出率为5.13%(2/39)。检出的蜡样芽胞杆菌菌株大多属于携带复合型毒素的菌株,均携带3种以上的腹泻毒素基因,非溶血性的肠毒素 nhe基因(nheA、nheB 和nheC)和肠毒素FM基因(entFM)为主要的毒力基因,其中nheABC 基因携带率为100%,entFM基因携带率为35.71%(10/28),cytK基因是检测到的最少的一种毒力基因。结论 应加强婴幼儿奶粉及米粉中的蜡样芽胞杆菌污染监测及其毒力基因致病性研究,以科学评估蜡样芽胞杆菌对婴幼儿食品可能构成的食品安全风险。