High energy storage density and discharging efficiency in La3+/Nb5+-co-substituted (Bi0.5Na0.5)0.94Ba0.06TiO3 ceramics

In this work, [(Bi_1-xLa_x)_0.5Na_0.5]_0.94Ba_0.06(Ti_1-5y/4Nb_y)O₃ ceramics have been developed by the dual-substitution of La³⁺ for Bi³⁺ and Nb⁵⁺ for Ti⁴⁺ and prepared by an ordinary sintering technique. All ceramics can be well-sintered at 1200 °C. The addition of La³⁺ and Nb⁵⁺ reduces the grain size and improve the dielectric breakdown strength of the ceramics; moreover, after the introduction of La³⁺ and Nb⁵⁺, the remanent polarization of the ceramics is significantly reduced, while the maximum polarization remains the same large value as that of the ceramic without the doping of La³⁺ and Nb⁵⁺. As a result, high energy storage density and discharge efficiency are achieved at x/y = 0.07/0.02, giving the large storage density of 1.83 J/cm³ and high discharging efficiency of 70%. The present work presents a feasible strategy to develop energy storage materials based on perovskite ferroelectrics by the partial substitutions in the A and B sites.     

High piezoelectric performance and domain configurations of (K0.45Na0.55)0.98Li0.02Nb0.76Ta0.18Sb0.06O3 lead-free ceramics prepared by two-step sintering

Research for high-performance lead-free piezoelectric materials has become an urgent issue from the environmental concern. Very limited attempts on two-step sintering had been made so far. In this study, (K_0.45Na_0.55)_0.98Li_0.02Nb_0.76Ta_0.18Sb_0.06O₃ ceramics were prepared by both conventional sintering and two-step sintering. Piezoelectric properties, microstructure and domain structure were found to change significantly with sintering methods and sintering conditions. Two-step sintering was performed in the way that temperature is first quickly raised to 1180 °C, kept for 1 min, then immediately cooled down to 1120 °C and maintained for a desired time length. The effects of dwelling time on piezoelectric performance and microstructure as well as domain structure were investigated. High piezoelectric properties of d₃₃ = 455 pC/N, k_p = 0.54 and k₃₃ = 0.67 were obtained in a ceramic prepared under the dwelling time of 20 h. This ceramic also possesses a very good piezoelectric thermal-ageing stability over −50 °C–150 °C. Further investigation reveals that this ceramic has a quite uniform grain-size distribution with the average grain size of about 12 μm in microstructure and shows domain patterns of simple parallel stripes with a hierarchical nanodomain structure appearing inside some of broad stripes. The observed excellent piezoelectric performance is considered to associate closely with the unique domain structure.     

NH_3、MNH_2、M_2NH(M=Na/Li)电子结构的理论研究

在MP2/6-311++G(d,p)水平对NH3、MNH2、M2NH(M=Na/Li)的构型进行优化和NPA计算。从空间构型、自然键轨道、NPA电荷、前线轨道等方面进行了分析。MNH2是由M+离子和NH-2组成的离子化合物,M2NH是M+离子和NH2-组成的离子化合物。从HOMO看,从NH3、NaNH2和Na2NH的N端,LiNH2和Li2NH的分子平面上下方进攻N原子的反应当易于进行。从LUMO看,NaNH2和LiNH2的三重态分子中N-H键易于断裂而失去H+。     

High performance lead-free Na0.5K0.5NbO3 piezoelectric ceramics obtained via oscillatory hot-pressing

Lead-free Na_0.5K_0.5NbO₃ (KNN) piezoelectric ceramics is regarded as a potential candidate for PZT material, while high performance is difficult to be obtained due to its poor sinterability and non-stoichiometric component. In this work, oscillatory pressure-assisted hot pressing (OPAHP) is utilized to fabricate KNN ceramics with high density. The KNN ceramics sintered at 860 °C exhibits superior performance with piezoelectric parameter (d₃₃) of 142 pC/N, electromechanical coupling factors (k_p) of 0.41, and relative permittivity (ε^T₃₃/ε₀) of 472–620. Additionally, hardness and flexural strength are measured as 3.55 GPa and 99.13 MPa, respectively. This work indicates that OPAHP technique is effective for fabricating KNN piezoelectric ceramics with high performance.     

不同树种组的热带森林植被生物量与遥感地学数据之间的相关性分析

以我国云南省西双版纳的热带森林为例,分别对栎类林、其它阔叶林、其它硬阔叶林的生物量与其对应的Landsat TM数据及其派生数据、气象数据和地形数据进行了相关性分析。首先,利用森林资源连续清查的林业固定样地数据,通过各树种组的各器官生物量估算模型计算出各样地的森林植被的生物量。然后,根据样地的坐标来建立样地GIS数据库。其次,将同期的遥感影像、气象数据和地形数据与GIS数据进行配准,并从遥感影像中产生出一系列的派生数据。最后,在此基础上,分别对栎类林、其它阔叶林、其它硬阔叶林的样地生物量与其遥感数据和派生数据、气象数据和地形数据进行相关性分析。研究表明,栎类林的生物量与TM1、TM2、TM3、TM4、TM5、TM7、缨帽变换的亮度、绿度、湿度、VI3、DVI、PC1和PVI在0.05的水平上显著,而与其它因子在这个水平上相关都不够显著。其它阔叶林的生物量与降雨量在0.05的水平上显著,而与其它因子在这个水平上相关都不够显著。其它硬阔叶林的生物量与降雨量在0.05的水平上显著,而与其它因子在这个水平上,其相关都不够显著。     

图像局部方向均值边缘检测算法

根据图像边缘形成的光学原理,将图像边缘分为斜坡形边缘和三角形边缘,提出了一种新的基于方向均值的图像边缘检测方法。该方法以图像像素点为中心,沿不同方向将邻域内的像素分割成两个半圆,分别计算出半圆内像素的样本均值及其差值,再根据均值差值最大值和最小值的方向与两种不同边缘之间的关系,设计边缘幅度响应函数,判断边缘类型,计算边缘幅度响应值和方向,结合漏检概率设计了边缘检测评价函数,并利用评价函数分析平滑尺寸与邻域半径之间的关系。实验结果表明,本文算法具有较好的检测精度,在一定程度上抑制了噪声对边缘检测的影响。     

Invertible matrices and semilinear spaces over commutative semirings

This paper deals with invertible matrices and semilinear spaces over commutative semirings. Some necessary and sufficient conditions for matrices to be invertible over commutative semirings are obtained. The condition under which the cardinality of each basis of semilinear space of n-dimensional vectors is n is given. In the end, the factor rank of matrices over semirings is investigated.     

SOCKS协议在防火墙中的应用研究

阐述了采用实现SOCKS协议的一种新型防火墙系统,较为详细地论述了其架构与功能,分析了SOCKS协议实现原理和过程。围绕SOCKS客户机与SOCKS服务器,给出了请求与响应格式及其建立连接实现功能的详细步骤,对比说明了SOCKS与Proxy的区别,突出了该系统的特点及其优越性。     

动态多级安全系统安全标记的格模型

分析了安全标记的概念,给出了安全标记的形式化定义,并建立了动态多级安全标记的格模型理论。格模型理论回答了动态多级安全系统的安全标记集合在数学上应形成格,解决了两安全标记比较时上、下确界的存在性问题,为多级安全性从静态安全政策,通过该策略的历史敏感性特征转化为动态安全政策奠定了理论基础。     

基于Jini技术的虚拟实验平台的设计与实现

运用Jini技术的基本原理和优势特点,针对化学虚拟实验系统,引入协同支撑服务机制,构建了一种面向服务的虚拟实验平台,详细阐述了其功能与构架;基于Java面向对象设计语言中的接口定义了实验平台的相关操作规则及系列面向服务的接口,以铁与硫酸反应的实例说明了该实验平台的工作原理与流程。结果表明系统具有易扩充、较好的可靠性、且能动态反映虚拟实验过程,提供了在现有网络基础下的分布式实现三维虚拟实验的一种新方案。