有机钾肥对攀枝花烤烟农艺性状和产质量的影响

为了进一步提高烟叶质量,彰显攀枝花烟叶特色,采用田间试验和室内分析相结合的方法,研究了有机钾肥对烤烟红花大金元农艺性状及产质量的影响。结果表明,施用有机钾肥可以促进烟株生长发育,提高烟叶产量,显著提高烟叶含钾量,增幅为14.3%~36.0%,烤后烟叶化学成分较协调,内在品质明显改善,以腐植酸复合肥＋有机钾肥的施肥模式的烟叶经济效益最高,为3907.91元/667m^2。     

氢氧化镁络合除钡工艺初探

高纯氢氧化镁性能优越,用途广泛,但工业氢氧化镁常含杂质,影响其应用性能。为此,文章以含钡盐(氯化钡和硫酸钡)杂质的工业氢氧化镁(纯度97.0%)为原料,探索了采用EDTA络合除杂制备高纯氢氧化镁的工艺规律,考查了温度、EDTA浓度及pH值对除钡效率的影响,通过热力学计算初步分析了EDTA作用机制。研究结果表明:EDTA浓度越高,络合除钡率越高,在pH值12~13、60℃~70℃条件下除钡率可达80%以上,获得纯度高达99%的高纯氢氧化镁产物。     

不同光质萎凋对贡眉白茶滋味品质的影响

为筛选改善贡眉白茶滋味的最优萎凋光质,采用LED精量调制光源,通过感官审评法、超高效液相色谱串联三重四级杆质谱、高效液相色谱等方法,研究无光(对照)、日光、蓝光、黄光和红光萎凋,对贡眉白茶的感官品质、主要生化成分、部分代谢物的影响。结果表明,4个光照组感官审评的滋味、香气及总得分,均比无光组高,且红光滋味得分最高。相比无光和其他光质组,红光组的可溶性糖、水浸出物、咖啡碱、没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯、茶氨酸、苏氨酸、谷氨酸、谷氨酰氨、甘氨酸、丙氨酸、γ-氨基丁酸及总氨基酸的含量最高,有益于“醇厚鲜甜”的滋味特征形成。相比无光组,4个光照组显著降低部分黄酮(醇)苷的含量(P<0.05),红光组的茶黄素和茶黄素-3-没食子酸酯的含量显著降低(P<0.05),而黄、蓝、白光组的山奈酚含量显著升高(P<0.05)。综合认为,红光萎凋对白茶滋味提高最有益。     

Study of polycrystalline Ba1−x Ca x MoO4 films prepared by electrochemical technique

The polycrystalline Ba_1?x Ca _x MoO₄ films were prepared directly on molybdenum substrates by electrochemical technique. The growing characteristics of the films were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), x-ray diffraction (XRD), and energy dispersive x-ray analysis (EDRX) techniques, respectively. The SEM images show that the morphology of the Ba_1?x Ca _x MoO₄ film is affected significantly by the composition of the films when the process parameters are preset. The XRD and EDRX analyses reveal that the compositions of the films are strongly controlled by the capability of bond between cation and anion, besides the cation concentration, temperature, and current density, in such situation.     

华南型黄瓜鲜切加工适宜性的对比分析

为筛选出适宜的黄瓜鲜切加工新品种,本试验针对18个参加品比试验的华南型黄瓜优良组合和对照品种(燕白黄瓜)开展了鲜切加工适宜性评价,测定了含水率、可溶性固形物含量(TSSC)、果肉厚度、种腔直径、果肉色差(L*、a*、b*值)、果皮硬度、果肉硬度、感官指标(口感、脆度)和出品率12项指标。通过统计分析、相关性分析和因子评价确定了7个鲜切黄瓜加工适宜性筛选的主评价指标,通过层次分析确定了主评价指标的权重,通过灰色关联度分析对19个黄瓜样品材料的鲜切加工适宜性进行了排序,同时结合各样品的田间栽培性状优选出较适宜的鲜切加工样品材料编号为4#和2#。以上结果可为鲜切黄瓜加工过程中原料的选择提供科学依据,也可为华南型黄瓜鲜切加工专用品种的选育提供指导。     

‘红阳’猕猴桃乙烯催熟特性

本研究以‘红阳’猕猴桃为研究对象,通过对不同成熟度果实催熟后的指标分析,明确采用外源乙烯催熟 实现猕猴桃早采上市的适宜采收期,并进一步探讨了乙烯添加量和温度条件对催熟效果的影响。结果表明：只有当 猕猴桃达到一定成熟度（干物质质量分数大于17%）时,催熟软化后的果实才可被消费者接受,可实现猕猴桃的早 采错季销售;采用25～100 μL/L添加量的乙烯催熟（20 ℃）‘红阳’猕猴桃,3～5 d即可完成快速软化,且不同添 加量处理间可溶性固形物和可滴定酸质量分数无显著性差异,温度是影响乙烯的催熟作用重要因素,在较高温度 （20 ℃）下,乙烯催熟可明显缩短软化进程。     

基于色彩量化及索引的图像检索

提出了一种基于色彩量化及索引的图像检索新方法.结合人眼视觉感知特性,首先将图像划分成4×4大小的非重叠子块,通过块梯度的大小,在亮度空间将图像子块划分为视觉均衡块和非均衡块.若为均衡块,则用该块RGB空间的颜色均值作为其代表颜色值,然后转换到HSV空间,并量化成32个等级,形成32维索引直方图(S_HIST);若非均衡块,根据保持颜色矩不变技术将该图像子块在RGB空间量化两种颜色,然后转化到HSV空间,并将每种颜色量化成32个等级,形成496维的索引直方图(D_HIST).最后,综合索引特征,进行图像检索.实验结果表明:该算法是非常有效的.     

智能主体的等级BDI(信念、愿望和意图)模型

BDI(信念、愿望和意图)模型是影响最为广泛的主体技术之一。在把无穷值的ukasiewicz逻辑和命题动态逻辑进行融合后对等级BDI主体模型进行形式化的基础上,提出了GBDIPDL+LL逻辑。为了通过概率、必然性和可能性对不确定性行为进行表示和推理,把相应的公理添加到ukasiewicz逻辑中。文中的GBDIPDL+LL主体模型使用多背景系统,清晰地表示了信念、愿望和意图的不确定性。GBDIPDL+LL主体行为则通过添加具体条件的每种背景的不同测度来决定。对信念、愿望和意图的模型进行了公理化,并说明了它们对主体行为的影响,该模型可以很轻易地向包括其他心理状态的主体进行推广。在给出了GBDIPDL+LL模型语言、语义和GBDIPDL+LL逻辑的公理和演绎规则后,证明了此逻辑系统的完全性和可靠性。之后,在对复合行动进行形式刻画的基础上,描述了GBDIPDL+LL模型的不同背景之间的关系。文章立足于不确定性的表示和推理,志在为分布式人工智能提供形式支持。     

Disease Resistance and Molecular Variations in Irradiation Induced Mutants of Two Pea Cultivars

Induced mutation is useful for improving the disease resistance of various crops. Fusarium wilt and powdery mildew are two important diseases which severely influence pea production worldwide. In this study, we first evaluated Fusarium wilt and powdery mildew resistance of mutants derived from two elite vegetable pea cultivars, Shijiadacaiwan 1 (SJ1) and Chengwan 8 (CW8), respectively. Nine SJ1 and five CW8 M₃ mutants showed resistant variations in Fusarium wilt, and the same five CW8 mutants in powdery mildew. These resistant variations were confirmed in M₄ and M₅ mutants as well. Then, we investigated the genetic variations and relationships of mutant lines using simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. Among the nine effective SSR markers, the genetic diversity index and polymorphism information content (PIC) values were averaged at 0.55 and 0.46, which revealed considerable genetic variations in the mutants. The phylogenetic tree and population structure analyses divided the M₃ mutants into two major groups at 0.62 genetic similarity (K = 2), which clearly separated the mutants of the two cultivars and indicated that a great genetic difference existed between the two mutant populations. Further, the two genetic groups were divided into five subgroups at 0.86 genetic similarity (K = 5) and each subgroup associated with resistant phenotypes of the mutants. Finally, the homologous PsMLO1 cDNA of five CW8 mutants that gained resistance to powdery mildew was amplified and cloned. A 129 bp fragment deletion was found in the PsMLO1 gene, which was in accord with er1-2. The findings provide important information on disease resistant and molecular variations of pea mutants, which is useful for pea production, new cultivar breeding, and the identification of resistance genes.     

离心泵的空化流数值模拟与空化余量预测

空化余量是泵非常重要的性能指标之一,目前主要依靠试验来确定。如何在离心泵设计过程中较为准确地预测出必须的空化余量对优化设计和提高运行稳定性等方面十分重要。针对离心泵运行过程中发生空化时的流动特点,基于Rayleigh—Plesset方程来描述空泡生长和溃灭过程的空泡动力学模型,采用混合空化两相流模型和三维全流道两相流流动数值模拟技术,探索通过数值试验来预测空化余量的方法。对一低比转速离心泵进行全流道空化流数值模拟,通过改变NPSHa来模拟试验工况,数值模拟预测出各模拟试验工况下的扬程、叶片表面压力分布、叶片表面空化发生区域以及流道内空泡体积率分布,从而预测该泵的NPSHr,其预测结果与试验值的误差小于10％。