用铁鳞制备纳米Fe_2O_3的研究

以铁鳞在盐酸溶液中的浸出液为原料,采用强迫水解法制备不同形貌纳米Fe2O3光催化剂,研究了铁鳞浸出液纯度对于纳米Fe2O3的微观形貌和光催化性能的影响。结果表明:8g铁鳞与150ml物质的量浓度为3mol/L的盐酸溶液100℃回流反应2h,铁鳞的浸出率达到93%左右,且浸出液纯度较高;浸出液中的杂质离子改变了纳米Fe2O3的微观形貌;以铁鳞浸出液为原料制备出的纳米Fe2O3可见光光催化性能较好,光降解甲基蓝溶液50min后,其降解率可达82%左右。     

Probability of failure of overloaded lines in cascading failures

Power grids are vulnerable to cascading failures, as shown by previous blackouts or major system disturbances. Line outages due to overload are often the main contributors to the cascading failures leading to these undesired situations. Indeed, the more a line is overloaded, the larger is its sagging, and hence the probability that it will be tripped. It is necessary to quantify in a realistic way the probability of trip as a function of the load in order to compute a good estimation of the frequency of dangerous cascading outages. Several models were proposed for this purpose, but none of them is backed up by empirical evidence or detailed analysis. This paper studies factors that could affect the probability of trip as a function of load, and it computes this probability for two different test systems using a temperature simulation based methodology, called dynamic PRA level-I analysis. This paper then compares existing modelings of this probability to these results. This comparison shows that all modelings used in the literature are not always convenient. We finally propose a simple model that can be adopted in probabilistic risk assessment of cascading failures.     

推进绿色照明 缓解能源紧张

介绍了我国当前的能源紧张状况及浪费严重的现象,提出了推进绿色照明,节约能源及保护环境的重要意义,并配合新编国标GB 50034-2013建筑照明设计标准的实施,从设计的角度对新标准的要求与做法进行阐述,结合实例分析了设计中应注意的事项。     

Mn-based borohydride synthesized by ball-milling KBH4 and MnCl2 for hydrogen storage

In this work, a mixed-cation borohydride (K₂Mn(BH₄)₄) with P2₁/n structure was successfully synthesized by mechanochemical milling of the 2KBH₄–MnCl₂ sample under argon. The structural and thermal decomposition properties of the borohydride compounds were investigated using XRD, Raman spectroscopy, FTIR, TGA-MS and DSC. Apart from K₂Mn(BH₄)₄, the KMnCl₃ and unreacted KBH₄ compounds were present in the milled 2KBH₄–MnCl₂. The two mass loss regions were observed for the milled sample: one was from 100 to 160 °C with a 1.6 ± 0.1 wt% loss (a release of majority hydrogen and trace diborane), which was associated with the decomposition of K₂Mn(BH₄)₄ to form KBH₄, boron, and finely dispersed manganese; the other was from 165 to 260 °C with a 1.9 ± 0.1 wt% loss (only hydrogen release), which was due to the reaction of KBH₄ with KMnCl₃ to give KCl, boron, finely dispersed manganese. Simultaneously, the formed KCl could dissolve in KBH₄ to yield a K(BH₄)_xCl_1−x solid solution, and also react with KMnCl₃ to form a new compound K₄MnCl₆.     

Development of a fuzzy analytical network process to evaluate alternatives on vitamin B12 adsorption from wastewater

The use of adsorption methods to recover vitamin B12 (VB12) from wastewater has been increasingly studied. However, there is a lack of knowledge on optimization of the methods. This study established a feedback network to evaluate alternatives regarding VB12 adsorption from wastewater. The network comprises environmental, economic and technological criteria and their feedbacks. Based on the network, the fuzzy matter-element theory was integrated with an analytical network process to rank the alternatives. Among five alternatives, activated carbon with KOH as activation media was suggested to be the optimal alternative for VB12 recycling from wastewater, while mesoporous activated carbon fibre was the least preferred alternative. Particularly, the adsorption technology reusing biomass ranked second to the optimal alternative, and has great application potential due to low costs and biological waste reuse. Sensitivity analysis does show that the ranking of alternatives was robust and was not subject to the change in weight.     

论改变经营性质类涉烟犯罪行为刑事违法性的认定

为更好地认识改变经营性质类涉烟犯罪行为的刑事违法性，从法律解释、犯罪构成要件分析和比较分析等方面进行论证，得出持有烟草专卖零售许可证的主体违法从事卷烟批发行为，情节严重的，应当以非法经营罪追究其刑事责任的结论。同时建议要在实质而非形式层面区分批发和零售行为，并适当提高"情节严重"的数额认定标准。      

Estimation-based ILC applied to a parallel kinematic robot

Estimation-based iterative learning control (ILC) is applied to a parallel kinematic manipulator known as the Gantry–Tau parallel robot. The system represents a control problem where measurements of the controlled variables are not available. The main idea is to use estimates of the controlled variables in the ILC algorithm, and in the paper this approach is evaluated experimentally on the Gantry–Tau robot. The experimental results show that an ILC algorithm using estimates of the tool position gives a considerable improvement of the control performance. The tool position estimate is obtained by fusing measurements of the actuator angular positions with measurements of the tool path acceleration using a complementary filter.     

北京市射线应用研究中心钴源辐照装置经济效益分析

介绍了北京市射线应用研究中心的３．７×１０~（１６）Ｂｑ（１Ｍｃｉ）钴源辐照装置的特点，并根据几年的运行实践，介绍了该辐照装置的投资及年运行费用，对其每年的经济效益及投资回收期作了分析。还对钴源辐照装置开展辐照加工的有关问题进行了讨论。     

我国燃煤电厂布局与大气环境资源优化利用关系研究

长期以来,我国电力发展以区域就地平衡为主,在中东部负荷中心地区大规模布局煤电导致当地环境问题日益严重。介绍我国电力行业大气环境污染物排放现状,从硫沉降环境承载力、现有机组SO2减排空间、新增机组脱硫成本、环境损失等角度,分析西部、北部煤炭产区和中东部负荷中心地区煤电布局的环境空间,指出我国未来的煤电布局应与环境承载力地区分布格局相一致,新建燃煤电厂应更多地向环境空间较大的西部、北部主要煤炭产区布局,从整体上减少全国的环境损失。以电力与经济、能源和环境协调发展为目标,提出优化我国煤电布局的方案,并从满足国家SO2排放控制目标、降低环境损失等角度,分析电力优化布局方案的合理性。