域名系统的部署及安全性分析与建议

针对传统DNS结构可能存在的问题,为应对分布式拒绝服务攻击行为,提出了基于AnyCast的DNS部署方式,以进一步提高DNS的可靠性和性能。从DNS服务技术层面和域名注册业务流程等环节对域名系统进行了安全性分析,并提出了一些安全性建议。     

单通道时频重叠多信号处理技术进展与展望

复杂的电磁环境使得无线电侦察截获机接收到的信号时频重叠的情况时有发生,给信号分选和识别带来很大的困难。而阵列信号处理的方法不能直接移植到单通道时频重叠信号中,因此探求新的方法来解决此类问题,已经成为国内外研究的热点,有着广泛的应用前景。以通信对抗为应用背景,对现有的基于循环平稳的单通道时频重叠多信号参数估计和调制识别方法进行了总结,综述了现有的频移滤波器的方法和分离效果评价指标,指出了该技术发展面临的挑战和进一步的研究方向。     

应用于混合储能的组合级联式多端口变流器拓扑结构研究

针对光伏等可再生能源发电的间歇性和功率波动问题,提出一种新型的用于混合储能的组合级联式隔离型多端口变流器拓扑结构及其控制策略。该装置由蓄电池组、超级电容器组、多端口隔离半桥DC/DC变换器和级联式H桥DC/AC变换器组合而成。首先对该拓扑的工作原理进行了分析;然后结合相应的控制策略,通过滑动平均滤波算法将外界给定目标功率指令在各储能单元之间进行合理分配,并在PLECS上搭建了基于该装置的光伏电站并网模型进行仿真;最后,结合仿真结果和实际工程案例对该装置可带来的经济效益进行了定量分析。结果表明,所提出的混合储能拓扑结构可有效结合超级电容器功率密度高、响应速度快,和蓄电池能量密度高、适用于平抑长周期缓慢功率波动的特点,提高了间歇式电源并网运行的电能质量和可调度性,同时避免了蓄电池频繁充放电,显著延长了电池使用寿命。该装置可用于基于蓄电池-超级电容器混合储能(BSHES)的大功率储能电站,实现平滑可再生能源发电输出功率波动和微电网中的调频调压功能,模块集成度高,可实现模块化生产,具有广阔的应用前景。     

Thermally integrated energy storage system for hybrid fuel cell electric bike: An experimental study

The hybrid fuel cell/battery technology is an attractive option for a sustainable mobility with zero emissions. In fact, this solution owns system scalability features and high efficiency and, compared to battery electric solutions, it offers advantages in terms of flexibility of use and fast charging times. However, the thermal management for the battery in this type of powertrain is a crucial issue, since operating temperatures can significantly affect safety and performance. In this study, an innovative system aimed at providing high storage energy density and improving the battery pack performance of hybrid fuel cell/battery vehicles is investigated for use on-board of a plug-in fuel cell electric bike. The proposed system, developed by the authors in previous studies, integrates the battery pack with a hydrogen storage based on metal hydrides. The idea behind this solution is to exploit the endothermic desorption processes of hydrogen in metal hydrides to cool down the battery pack during operation. An experimental analysis is conducted to assess the thermal management capabilities of this system: by considering a typical duty cycle designed on the base of road test measurements, battery pack temperature profiles are evaluated and compared against those from a control experiment where no battery thermal management is enabled (i.e. no hydrogen desorption from the metal hydride tank). The results show that, beside enhancing the on-board stored energy capacity, the proposed system represents an effective solution to provide an efficient thermal management for the battery pack, with significant advantages in terms of attainable riding range.     

Numerical investigation on combustion regulation for a stoichiometric heavy-duty natural gas engine with hydrogen addition considering knock limitation

Aiming to further improve the thermal efficiency and reduce NO_x emissions in the stoichiometric hydrogen-enriched natural gas (NG) engine, a detailed 3-D simulation model of stoichiometric operation heavy-duty NG engine is built based on the actual boundary conditions from high load bench test. The superimposed methods for knock regulation, combustion and emission control, including Miller valve timing, hydrogen volume fraction and EGR rate were proposed and investigated comprehensively. It reveals that the typically bimodal characteristic of heat release rate (HRR) curve is caused by knock, which seriously restricts the performance improvement of stoichiometric NG engine under high load condition. To predict and control the occurrence of the second peak of HHR accurately, a new parameter BI is defined. Moreover, the Miller timing with 20°CA of the intake valve late closing shows better combustion performance within the knock limit, accompanied by a slight increase in NO_x emissions. Additionally, the 5% hydrogen blend, coupled with the Miller cycle, can further enhance the indicated thermal efficiency (ITE) of the NG engine due to the stronger effects on acceleration of laminar flame propagation velocity than the promotion of end-gas auto-ignition. Besides, the great potential of EGR rate for balancing NO_x and ITE is also confirmed in the heavy-duty hydrogen-enriched NG engine adopting Miller cycle. Compared to the original indexes, combing with the regulation strategies of intake valve late closing (20°CA), hydrogen addition (5%) and EGR (17%) are proved to increase the indicated thermal efficiency by 1.89% and reduce NO_x emissions by 11.47% within the knock limit.     

g-C3N4 doping TiO2 recovered from spent catalyst for H2 evolution from water

Spent catalysts of selective catalytic reduction (SCR) contain a high content of TiO₂ (>70 wt%). The effective recovery of TiO₂ from spent SCR catalysts and its reuse in photocatalytic hydrogen production is of great importance for environmental protection. In this study, the recovered TiO₂ from the spent SCR catalyst was recovered by the alkali washing method, and the purity of the recovered TiO₂ reached 94.7%. g-C₃N₄ as a co-catalyst and enhanced the separation efficiency of the photogenerated electron-hole pairs of the TiO₂ photocatalyst. The composite photocatalyst R–TiO₂/g-C₃N₄ prepared by directly mixing the recovered TiO₂ with g-C₃N₄ significantly improved the photocatalytic activity. The experimental design of the photocatalyst synthesis was optimized using the Design Expert software. The results showed that the recovered TiO₂ was 0.334 g when the g-C₃N₄ was 0.046 g and the ultrasonic time was 163 min. Moreover, the hydrogen production rate reached 443.105 μmol g⁻¹ h⁻¹ within 4 h.     

Energy prosumerism using photovoltaic power plant and hydrogen combustion engine: Energy and thermo-ecological assessment

Renewable Energy Sources (RES) represent an attractive way to save natural resources and improve the overall impact of power systems on the environment. A continuous increase of share of RES in national energy mixes is observed, and due to the energy policy of the European Union and many other countries, further increase is expected. A disadvantage of RES is their random, weather-dependent availability, which requires energy storage. A promising method of integrating RES with the energy system is the use of hydrogen as an energy carrier (e.g. coupling RES with electrolyzers in order to directly use the renewable electricity for production of hydrogen). In the present work, a simulation of cooperation of a photovoltaic power plant with a gas piston engine fueled by hydrogen was performed, with and without the presence of energy storage. The aim of the analysis is twofold. First, the “compensation losses” due to forced part-load operation of the engine coupled with RES are evaluated and compared with “storage losses” resulting from the thermodynamic imperfectness of the storage; this allows to calculate the minimum round-trip efficiency of storage required for positive energy effect. The “compensation losses” have been determined to be of the order of magnitude of 2%, and the minimum round-trip efficiency of storage to be at the level of 85%. Second, a thermo-ecological analysis was carried out to determine the impact of the source of hydrogen on the overall ecological effectiveness of the system. Contrary to the commonly used measure of “energy efficiency” describing a local balance boundary, thermo-ecological cost (TEC) evaluates the consumption of non-renewable exergy within a global balance boundary. The analysis confirmed that comparing various hydrogen production methods (especially renewable and non-renewable) in terms of local energy efficiency is inadequate, because it does not tell much about their sustainability. For a hydrogen energy system basing on the water electrolysis – hydrogen transport/storage – combustion in a gas piston engine pathway to be considered sustainable, the input electricity to the electrolysis process should be characterized by TEC lower than ∼0.15 J1/J, a value which even some renewable energy sources fail to achieve.     

激光焊缝无损检测技术研究现状

针对近几年来国内外关于激光焊缝无损检测技术的研究工作进行了详细分析与研究,比较了激光焊缝各类无损检测方法的优劣性,并对未来激光焊缝质量检测技术发展方向进行了探讨。     

天然气水合物储层渗透率研究进展

天然气水合物是清洁、高效、储量巨大的未来最具潜力资源之一,而储层的渗透率是影响水合物资源开采时产气效率的重要参数。目前,国内外对天然气水合物储层的渗透率进行了大量的研究并取得一定进展,本文从数值模拟、储层现场探井、实验研究等方面全面回溯,分析总结了孔隙度、饱和度、应力应变情况等对储层渗透率的影响,讨论目前储层渗透率研究存在人工合成水合物沉积物与自然储层存在差异,不同多孔介质形成的水合物沉积物应力敏感性不同,多相渗流研究不够充分,储层渗透率改造研究不足等问题,对未来的研究方向提出了展望。     

方坯连铸过程中结晶器内的热响应及振动响应

采用热电偶测温系统以及在线振动监测系统对方坯连铸机进行了长时间的在线监测,结果表明:结晶器内铸坯凝固状态与铜管温度场及振动状态存在一定的相关关系:结晶器铜管温度场的不稳定往往伴随着结晶器振动的不稳定;浇注初期坯壳凝固状态不稳定,温度波动大,振动偏摆大;拉速增大坯壳温度不均匀倾向增大,采用浸入式水口保护浇铸与敞开式油润滑浇注方式相比,结晶器换热效率更高,温度场更稳定。