简支薄壁箱梁自由振动的摄动法解析解

为研究简支薄壁箱梁中剪力滞效应对结构动力特性的影响,基于模态摄动法提出了一种求解薄壁箱梁自由振动的新方法.该方法以相同跨度等截面欧拉梁的频率和模态为Ritz基函数,将箱梁自由振动的微分方程组转化为一组非线性代数方程进行求解.对于简支箱梁,可进一步将代数方程组简化为一元二次方程,从而得到精确的特征值和特征向量.在此基础上,利用所得箱梁振动模态的解析表达式,提出了模态剪力滞系数的概念,从而建立了箱梁固有频率和剪力滞效应之间的关系.随后研究了模态剪力滞系数随跨宽比、翼板抗弯刚度和截面抗弯刚度之比的变化规律.计算结果表明:简支梁腹板处剪力滞系数最大且大于1,为正剪力滞效应;随着模态阶数的增加、跨宽比的减小和翼板抗弯刚度和截面抗弯刚度之比的增大,剪力滞效应呈现增大的趋势.     

Characterization of polyhydroxyalkanoates synthesized in activated sludge using three carbon sources

Polyhydroxyalkanoates(PHAs) were synthesized in activated sludge using three types of carbon sources (sodium acetate,sodium propionate and sodium butyrate), and their characterization were studied. It was shown that the content of PHA synthesized by microorganisms in activated sludge were different. The biggest synthetic amount up to 36.7% of VSS was obtained when sodium acetate was used as carbon source. The polymer yield was lower when using sodium propionate as the carbon source than when using others, with 25.1% of VSS, while resulted in an increase of hydroxyvalerate(HV) units produced. The structure and thermal properties of extracted biopolymers were analyzed by scanning electron microscope (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and themo-gravimetry (TG).     

浙东运河闸坝控制工程及其技术特征研究

浙东运河是中国大运河的重要组成部分、是内河水运网络与海运联接的纽带。与大运河其他河段相比,浙东运河水系水文、控制工程有其鲜明特点。本文基于水利工程科技史的视角,对浙东运河水系构成及分段特点、浙东运河控制工程分布、闸坝工程型式与功能特征及其原因进行了系统分析,对浙东运河宁波段极具特色的闸坝功能划分特征、闸坝结合的工程型式产生及其技术特点进行了考证、分析,从中国大运河整体视角审视浙东运河水利工程遗产的特点及其科技价值。     

照片数量对SfM动床河工模型地形三维重构的影响研究

SfM是摄影测量领域近年来飞速发展的三维场景重构技术,目前已在地貌勘测、文物勘察、冰川演化、岩石勘探、土壤侵蚀等研究领域开展了大量尝试和应用,而在河工模型方面的应用研究尚处于起步阶段。本文开展了输入照片数量对SfM法动床河工模型地形三维数字高程地形(DEM)重构精度影响研究,采用4个不同视角对河工模型动床冲淤地形进行拍摄,选取不同数量照片作为输入开展SfM法三维地形DEM重构,然后将每组DEM重构结果与传统测针法测量进行对比。结果表明,当照片数量较少时,增加照片数量可改善SfM重构精度,但当照片数量较多时,虽可为SfM提供更多的床面变化图像信息,但同时带来由于特征点成像变化而引起的误匹配现象,反而可能导致SfM重构精度下降。鉴于不同动床模型的模型沙和光照等外部条件不同,实际应用时须针对不同模型的特点进行深入对比和分析,选取合理的照片张数开展SfM法动床冲淤地形测量。     

Physical and mechanical properties of sandstone containing a single fissure after exposure to high temperatures

In order to investigate the physical and mechanical properties of sandstone containing fissures after exposure to high temperatures,fissures with different angles α were prefabricated in the plate sandstone samples,and the processed samples were then heated at 5 different temperatures.Indoor uniaxial compression was conducted to analyze the change rules of physical properties of sandstone after exposure to high temperature,and the deformation,strength and failure characteristics of sandstone containing fissures.The results show that,with increasing temperature,the volume of sandstone increases gradually while the quality and density decrease gradually,and the color of sandstone remains basically unchanged while the brightness increases markedly when the temperature is higher than 585 ℃;the peak strength of sandstone containing fissures first decreases then increases when the temperature is between 25℃and 400℃.The peak strain of sandstone containing fissures increases gradually while the average modulus decreases gradually with increasing temperature,and the mechanical properties of sandstone show obvious deterioration after 400 ℃.The peak strain of sandstone containing fissures increases gradually while the average modulus decreases gradually with increasing temperature;with increasing angle αof the fissure,the evolution characteristics of the macro-mechanical parameters of sandstone are closely related to the their own mechanical properties.When the temperature is 800 ℃,the correlation between the peak strength and average modulus of sandstone and the angle α of the fissure is obviously weakened.The failure modes of sandstone containing fissures after high temperature exposure are of three different kinds including:tensile crack failure,tensile and shear cracks mixed failure,and shear crack failure.Tensile and shear crack mixed failure occur mainly at low temperatures and small angles;tensile crack failure occurs at high temperatures and large angles.     

Characterization of microwave and terahertz dielectric properties of single crystal La2Ti2O7 along one single direction

New generation wireless communication systems require characterisations of dielectric permittivity and loss tangent at microwave and terahertz bands. La₂Ti₂O₇ is a candidate material for microwave application. However, all the reported microwave dielectric data are average value from different directions of a single crystal, which could not reflect its anisotropic nature due to the layered crystal structure. Its dielectric properties at the microwave and terahertz bands in a single crystallographic direction have rarely been reported. In this work, a single crystal ferroelectric La₂Ti₂O₇ was prepared by floating zone method and its dielectric properties were characterized from 1 kHz to 1 THz along one single direction. The decrease in dielectric permittivity with increasing frequency is related to dielectric relaxation from radio frequency to microwave then to terahertz band. The capability of characterizing anisotropic dielectric properties of a single crystal in this work opens the feasibility for its microwave and terahertz applications.     

可发性聚苯乙烯土工泡沫的性能及应用

综述了可发性聚苯乙烯（EPS）土工泡沫在土木工程中应用的优势,包括保温性能优异、密度低易施工、力学性能好、稳定性优异和自立性强等;分类介绍了EPS土工泡沫在土木工程领域中的应用实例,包括路基保温、桥头填筑、高填路段、道路扩宽、人造景观、挡土墙抗震、防止不均匀沉降等方面;最后简要讨论了EPS土工泡沫在实际应用中存在的问题,并基于EPS土工泡沫的性能优势对其未来的应用进行了展望。     

扩链PBS的微孔发泡行为研究

以聚丁二酸丁二醇酯（PBS）为基体,加入不同含量的扩链剂,通过熔融共混法制备扩链PBS样品。随后以超临界CO₂作为物理发泡剂,通过釜压发泡法在87 ℃下对PBS进行物理发泡。结果表明,随着扩链剂含量的增加,PBS的结晶温度先升高后略微下降,结晶度略微提高,黏弹性改善;随着扩链剂含量的增加,泡孔尺寸和发泡倍率逐渐减小,泡孔密度逐渐增加;当扩链剂含量为8 %（质量分数,下同）时制备的扩链PBS微孔泡沫的泡孔尺寸为9.2 μm,泡孔密度为1.93×10⁹ 个/cm³。     

超支化聚磷酰胺包覆碳纳米管的可控制备及阻燃应用

采用羧基化碳纳米管（CNT?COOH）作为载体,以三氯氧磷（POCl₃）和N,N?二氨基二苯甲烷（DDM）为反应单体,三乙胺为缚酸剂和催化剂,通过一步法（A₂+B₃）制备了3种不同厚度的超支化聚磷酰胺包覆碳纳米管（CNT/HBPPA）阻燃剂,并应用于环氧树脂（EP）中,探索了其对EP的力学及阻燃性能的影响。结果表明,随着CNT与（POCl₃+DDM）投料比（1∶1.5~6）的增加,CNT/HBPPA的包覆厚度逐渐增大并交联,而其样品失重5 %时所对应的温度（T_{5 %}）和残炭率逐渐下降,其中CNT/HBPPA?3对EP复合材料的阻燃和增强效果最佳,仅需2 %（质量分数,下同）可使其极限氧指数（LOI）值高达28.2 %,UL 94为V?1级,拉伸强度提高到53.28 MPa,冲击强度提高至11.19 kJ/m²,这主要是因为CNT/HBPPA表面的活性基团（—NH₂）改善了其与EP基体间的界面相容性,提高了分散性,形成更加均匀的网络骨架结构,从而提高其阻燃和力学性能。在燃烧过程中,这种网状骨架结构有利于形成更致密、更高效的残炭层,有效地隔绝了热量和可燃挥发性降解物的传递,进而提高了阻燃效率。     

密度泛函理论在聚合物发泡领域中的应用研究进展

阐述了在发泡领域引入密度泛函理论的原因,综述了国内外对密度泛函理论的研究现状,详细介绍了密度泛函理论在高分子体系中尤其是在发泡领域中的发展与应用研究进展;总结了基于均相成核、非均相成核方法并结合不同动力学、热力学公式的创新的密度泛函模型,并对这些模型的应用进行了综述;将密度泛函模型与其他计算模型进行比对,以体现出其在聚合物发泡机理研究中的独特性。