辅助服务市场下含电锅炉热电厂多运行组合模式优化决策

为实现不同的全厂电、热负荷下供能设备运行组合模式的合理决策,提出一种含电锅炉的热电厂多运行组合模式优化决策方法。首先根据含电锅炉热电厂不同运行模式下的电热特性,建立热电厂各机组运行特性的仿真模型,得到相应的电、热出力特性。然后分别以供能成本和供能煤耗为目标函数,建立多运行组合模式优化决策模型,在考虑辅助服务市场补贴后,两者得到的机组灵活运行组合模式一致。最后,得到不同全厂电、热负荷下热电厂最优运行组合模式,在考虑尽量减少运行操作情况下,根据仿真结果给出热电厂多运行组合模式的决策规则,这一结果可为含电锅炉热电厂运行组合模式决策提供依据。     

基于粗糙集的电池储能电站海量数据处理方法

锂离子电池的储能电站在运行过程中上传的数据量庞大,数据采样率高,增大了实时在线评估工作的难度。如何提取并压缩有效数据,同时保证压缩后的数据具有保真性,成为数据挖掘预处理所面对的主要问题。针对上述问题,选取储能电站特定工况下一个电池簇的数据,利用粗糙集方法,对数据的属性进行约简,根据正态分布的$ 2\sigma $原则对属性值进行二元逻辑划分,将单体电池划分为频繁检测对象和普通检测对象,压缩了在线处理的数据量。最后,对同一电池簇20天内不同工况数据进行验证,证明了该处理方法的有效性。     

虚拟同步机惯量及阻尼系数协调优化方法

为了提升虚拟同步机(virtual synchronous generator,?VSG)在各种扰动下的动态响应,提出了一种虚拟惯量及阻尼系数的参数协调优化方法。推导了VSG有功指令与输出电磁功率之间的二阶传递函数,定量分析了VSG动态响应特性与虚拟惯量及阻尼系数的关系。在扰动的初期调整两参数使VSG呈欠阻尼状态实现加快调节,在扰动后期则使VSG呈过阻尼状态来减小超调,兼顾功率调节速度和频率稳定性,降低储能充放电深度。最后,基于Matlab-Simulink仿真软件开展了VSG出力扰动和电网故障扰动下的仿真,对比参数优化前后的动态响应。结果验证了所提优化方法的优越性及稳定性,可以有效提升VSG的动态响应能力,延长VSG储能寿命。     

高超声速滑翔飞行器全程总红外辐射最小的轨迹优化（特邀）

为降低高超声速飞行器再入过程中,产生的气动热辐射对红外探测窗口性能的影响,从轨迹优化的角度,以再入飞行全程驻点总红外辐射为目标函数,提出了一种基于改进鲸鱼优化算法(Whale Optimization Algorithm,WOA)的高超声速飞行器轨迹优化算法。首先,通过Tent混沌映射和控制因子余弦变化改进WOA,改进算法位置更新时的位置指向性,增强算法全局搜索能力;同时,将再入轨迹优化问题转化为控制量剖面参数优化问题,采用倾侧角一次翻转策略,利用普朗克公式计算驻点红外辐射,并设计目标函数,利用阻力加速度再入走廊处理路径约束,采用罚函数法将终端约束同目标函数相结合;最后,利用改进的WOA对设计的控制量剖面进行参数寻优,获得使目标函数最优的解。仿真实验表明: 文中改进的WOA能够有效完成全程总红外辐射最小的再入轨迹优化任务,全局搜索能力强,且具有较好的鲁棒性。     

Measuring Mental Workload Using ERPs Based on FIR,ICA, and MARA

Mental workload is considered to be strongly linked to human performance, and the ability to measure it accurately is key for balancing human health and work. In this study, brain signals were elicited by mental arithmetic tasks of varying difficulty to stimulate different levels of mental workload. In addition, a finite impulse response (FIR) filter, independent component analysis (ICA), and multiple artifact rejection algorithms (MARAs) were used to filter event-related potentials (ERPs). Then, the data consisting of ERPs, subjective ratings of mental workload, and task performance, were analyzed through the use of variance and Spearman’s correlation during a simulated computer task. We found that participants responded faster and performed better in the easy task condition, followed by the medium and high-difficulty conditions, which verifies the validity of the ERP filtering. Moreover, larger P2 and P3 waveforms were evoked as the task difficulty increased, and a higher task difficulty elicited a more enhanced N300. Correlation analysis revealed a negative relationship between the amplitude of P3 and the subjective ratings, and a positive relationship between the P3 amplitude and accuracy. The results presented in this paper demonstrate that a combination of FIR, ICA, and MARA methods can filter ERPs in the non-invasive real-time measurement of workload. Additionally, frontocentral P2, N3, and parietal P3 components showed differences between genders. The proposed measurement of mental workload can be useful for real-time identification of mental states and can be applied to human–computer interaction in the future.     

水资源缺乏地区地表水环境承载现状研究——以京津冀和西北五省(自治区)为例

本研究以主体功能区划作为控制单元进行划分,以水功能区纳污能力作为环境容量基础数据,结合国家环境保护部污染物排放统计数据,分析京津冀和西北五省(自治区)的不同主体功能区的地表水环境容量超载情况。结果显示,在水资源缺乏的京津冀和西北五省(自治区)地区,其重点开发区的氨氮排放入河量均已超出水环境容量,城镇生活污水排放是水环境氨氮容量超载的主要贡献因子。对于农产品主产区和重点生态功能区,京津冀地区水环境的化学需氧量(COD)和氨氮排放量普遍超载,而西北五省(自治区)还有19%~73%的水环境容量剩余。不同主体功能区的环境和产业政策取决于主体功能区的类型和水环境容量的超载情况。     

印刷装备振动噪声特性研究综述

目的 综述印刷装备振动噪声特性及其在故障诊断方面的研究进展。方法 通过文献调研,了解当前学术界对印刷装备振动噪声特性的认知情况,包括印刷企业噪声危害、印刷装备结构振动特性、印刷机噪声辐射,以及基于结构振动及噪声辐射的印刷装备故障诊断等方面的研究现状,并展望其发展前景。结果 目前对印刷装备的结构及声辐射特性的研究还处于初级阶段,尚未系统地对印刷设备的声振特性进行分析,针对印刷设备的降噪技术尚未起步。探讨印刷装备声振特性的研究进展将有助于研究者更好地了解及开展印刷装备降噪技术,以及推进印刷装备故障诊断技术研究的发展。结论 针对印刷机结构声振机理的研究和分析具有较高的学术意义和应用价值,该项研究会成为印刷装备降噪技术及故障诊断技术的基础。     

Engineered Macrophages: A Safe-by-Design Approach for the Tumor Targeting Delivery of Sub-5 nm Gold Nanoparticles

Ultrasmall nanoparticles (NPs) are a promising platform for the diagnosis and therapy of cancer, but the particles in sizes as small as several nanometers have an ability to translocate across biological barriers, which may bring unpredictable health risks. Therefore, it is essential to develop workable cell-based tools that can deliver ultrasmall NPs to the tumor in a safer manner. Here, this work uses macrophages as a shuttle to deliver sub-5 nm PEGylated gold (Au) NPs to tumors actively or passively, while reducing the accumulation of Au NPs in the brain. This work demonstrates that sub-5 nm Au NPs can be rapidly exocytosed from live macrophages, reaching 45.6% within 24 h, resulting in a labile Au NP-macrophage system that may release free Au NPs into the blood circulation in vivo. To overcome this shortcoming, two straightforward methods are used to engineer macrophages to obtain “half-dead” and “dead” macrophages. Although the efficiency of engineered macrophages for delivering sub-5 nm Au NPs to tumors is 2.2–3.8% lower than that of free Au NPs via the passive enhanced permeability and retention effect, this safe-by-design approach can dramatically reduce the accumulation of Au NPs in the brain by more than one order of magnitude. These promising approaches offer an opportunity to expand the immune cell- or stem cell-mediated delivery of ultrasmall NPs for the diagnosis and therapy of diseases in a safer way in the future.     

动态优化调度走向实用的策略与段落全局优化

本文在总结动态优化调度在实际系统中应用经验的基础上,提出了动态优化调度走向实用的策略及以段落一局优化算动态化调度的方法,该策略可以较地贯彻电力系统运行“安全,优质,经济”的原则,段落全局优化方法则可以一次性处理各种负荷紧段落,包括单调升降段落及以往方法只有通过反向导引才能够处理的陡升连续等类的段落,具有计算时间短,节省内存等特点,为动态优化调度在电力系统中的进一步实用化打下了坚实的基础。     

密码装备应用技术发展研究

文章分析了密码装备技术发展的主要特点,对构建网络环境下的信息安全密码保障体系、密码算法、密码系统安全理论、密码测评和安全性分析技术等方面进行了研究探讨。