废旧CS焚烧销毁原理与作业参数的优化

根据燃烧理论和邻氯代苯亚甲基丙二腈(CS)刺激性控暴剂的化学结构,分析了焚烧法销毁CS刺激性控暴剂的反应原理和影响焚烧效果的主要因素,确定了CS完全燃烧的反应产物与反应方程式。通过焚烧试验研究了第一燃烧室和第二燃烧室温度、单次进料量、进料间隔时间对CS焚烧销毁效果的影响,据此优化确定了焚烧销毁废旧CS刺激性控暴剂的作业参数。结果表明,在过剩空气系数为2.0,单次进料量400 g,第一燃烧室温度750℃、第二燃烧室温度1100℃,进料间隔时间3 min的条件下利用试验设备能够有效地焚烧销毁CS控暴剂。     

一种基于组合方法的红外图像增强方法

采用组合方法对图像进行增强,对原始图像进行双平台直方图均衡,对均衡后的图像灰度进行等间距处理,提高整体图像的对比度;采用中值滤波方法对原始图像进行滤波,再用Sobel边缘微分算子对滤波后的图像进行边缘提取。在双平台直方图均衡后的图像中,对边缘所对应的像素的灰度值进行处理,对非边缘所对应的像素保持原灰度值不变,然后将处理后的边缘像素与不处理的非边缘像素进行组合。     

涂层中伴有化学反应的传质动力学模型及解析解

有害液体在均匀有界固体介质中的扩散通常是一个伴有化学反应的传质过程，本文采用拉普拉斯交换法对其动力学方程进行了新的求解，得出了吸收过程的解析解。通过定义标准函数err(x)及反函数aer(x)，推导出当降解速率常数k=0时扩散系数D的精确解，理论误差为O．以芥子气在醇酸漆涂层中的传递为例，验证得该方法与实验值的标准差为σ=1.95×10-10 cm2/S，其精度远远高于常规方法。在此基础上，求出了液体在涂层中的吸收量、扩散通量，得到了它们的时空分布规律，分析了降解速率常数k对它们的影响。丈章更为准确、系统地描述了有害液体在涂层中的吸收规律，所给出的扩散系数计算方法更加简洁、精确，对有害物质的洗消、危害评估及相应措施的制定提供了理论依据。     

Fractionation and characterization of ɛ-poly-l-lysine from Streptomyces albulus CGMCC 1986

ɛ-Poly-l-lysine (ɛ-PLL) produced by Streptomyces albulus CGMCC 1986 was fractionated using ultra-filtration technique with 2 and 5 kDa cut-offs of membrane. The number-average molecular weight of each fraction was determined by ¹H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) method. The number-average molecular weights of the cutoffs of 5 and 2 kDa and the filtrate are 4,230.95, 3,687.80, and 1,900.82 Da, respectively. ¹H NMR indicates the chemical shifts of α-H, β-H, γ-H, δ-H, and ɛ-H are very similar to all the fractions. Fourier transform-infrared (FTIR) spectra showed that the ɛ-PLL solid samples obtained by freeze-drying at pH 5 with molecular weights higher than 2 kDa take on a β-turn conformation, however, the fraction with molecular weight smaller than 2 kDa adopts random coil structure. The antibacterial test proved that the fraction between 2 and 5 kDa of membranes behaves the highest antibacterial activity than other fractions for the test strains of Staphylococcus aureus, Micrococcus luteus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, and Shigella.     

装药起爆位置对爆炸能量传递影响的数值模拟

采用数值模拟软件LS-DYNA模拟了带壳装药在土壤层中在其不同端面起爆时爆炸产生的应力波,在上层半无限混凝土介质中的传播过程,得到了装药不同端面起爆时产生的应力波在混凝土中随时间和位置的变化规律.模拟结果表明,在装药底端面起爆时爆轰能量利用率较高,对混凝土的作用效果较好,能够为提高装药结构威力设计提供一定参考依据.     

一种数字调制器的设计与实现

介绍了一种实现宽带通用数字调制器的算法,该算法能产生输出频率从1M～60M的各种通用调制信号。通过验证,所产生的调制信号具有良好的误差向量幅度(EVM)和频谱特征。     

Readily prepared heterogeneous molybdenum-based catalysts as highly recoverable,reusable and active catalysts for alkene epoxidation

Polymer-bound aliphatic amines were prepared readily from Merrifield resin and used as supports for immobilization of molybdenum hexacarbonyl. The high activity of these polymer-supported molybdenum catalysts has been demonstrated in epoxidation of various alkenes in the presence of tert-butylhydroperoxide (TBHP). These new heterogenized molybdenum epoxidation catalysts can be recovered and reused several times without significant loss of their activities.     

高浓度洗消废水混凝沉淀效果及影响因素研究

针对某洗消废水中含有极高浓度的表面活性剂LAS,直接排放会对环境造成明显破坏的问题,以聚合氯化铝(PAC)为混凝剂,以聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)为助凝剂,以氧化钙(CaO)调节水样pH值,设计均匀实验和单因素实验确定了不同浓度洗消废水混凝沉淀效果和主要影响因子。结果表明,污染物去除效果的主要影响因子随废水浓度而变。当PAC投加量为3 000 mg·L-1、PAM的投加量为15 mg·L-1、CaO投加量为4 000 mg·L-1时,可去除废水中60%以上的CODCr、70%以上的LAS和90%以上的浊度,表明混凝沉淀是处理洗消废水的有效方法。     

卫星气象业务在1670-1710MHz频段应用现状与发展

 卫星气象业务是一种用于气象目的的卫星地球探测业务,在人民的生产、生活中起到极为重要的作用。1670-1710MHz频段是国际电联《无线电规则》划分给卫星气象业务用于数据传输使用的重要频段之一,该频段还同时划分给气象辅助业务、固定业务、移动业务、卫星移动业务等共同使用。本文详细介绍了目前国际上卫星气象业务在这一频段的使用情况、干扰评估准则,并结合我国卫星气象业务的频率使用情况,介绍并研究该频段内卫星气象业务与卫星移动业务、气象辅助业务之间的共用现状与技术,以期给上述业务在该频段未来的发展和使用提供借鉴。     

Influence of catalyst pretreatment on catalytic properties and performances of Ru–Re/SiO2 in glycerol hydrogenolysis to propanediols

Bimetallic Ru–Re/SiO₂ and monometallic Ru/SiO₂ catalysts were prepared by impregnation method and their catalytic performances were evaluated in the hydrogenolysis of glycerol to propanediols (1,2-propanediol and 1,3-propanediol) with a batch type reactor (autoclave) under the reaction conditions of 160 °C, 8.0 MPa and 8 h. Ru–Re/SiO₂ showed much higher activity in the hydrogenolysis of glycerol than Ru/SiO₂, and the pretreatment conditions of the catalyst precursors had great influence on the catalytic performance of both Ru–Re/SiO₂ and Ru/SiO₂ catalysts. The physicochemical properties of Ru–Re/SiO₂ and Ru/SiO₂, such as specific surface areas, crystal phases, morphologies/microstructures, surface element states, reduction behaviors and dispersion of Ru metal, were characterized by N₂ adsorption/desorption, XRD, Raman, TEM–EDX, XPS, H₂-TPR and CO chemisorption. The results of XRD, TEM–EDX and CO chemisorption characterizations showed that Re component had an effect on promoting the dispersion of Ru species on the surface of SiO₂, and the measurements of H₂-TPR revealed that the co-existence of Re and Ru components on SiO₂ changed the respective reduction behavior of Re or Ru alone. High pre-reduction temperatures would decrease the activities of Ru–Re/SiO₂ and Ru/SiO₂ catalysts, compared with the corresponding calcined catalysts (without pre-reduction), which actually went through an in-situ reduction during the reaction. XPS analysis indicated that Ru species was in Ru⁰ metal state, while Re species was mostly in Re oxide state in the spent Ru–Re/SiO₂ sample. Re component was probably in rhenium oxide state rather than Re⁰ metal state to take part in the reaction via interaction with Ru⁰ metal.