多介质立体取样及在北黄海油气化探中的应用

由于不同环境条件下,不同化探测试指标受到不同的因素干扰,所以不同介质样品的应用条件存在一定的差异。针对不同介质样品特点,分别采集海底沉积物、底部海水和低空大气3种介质样品,并采用在海底沉积物柱状样不同深度部位取样的立体取样方法,通过多指标综合分析,对不同介质和深度样品的多项化探指标互相进行了验证和补充,可以抑制干扰因素的影响,为油气资源远景评价提供依据。运用该方法在北黄海盆地油气勘查中进行初步尝试,并据此划分了三级化探异常区,提出了有利的含油气远景区,均与已知油气区和区域地质分析的结果相符合,取得了很好的效果。      

Low-sintering ceramic materials based on Bi2O3–ZnO–Nb2O5 compounds

In this work, sintering behaviour of Bi₂O₃–ZnO–Nb₂O₅ compounds was investigated in order to develop LTCC materials with suitable microwave properties. Structure, dielectric properties and sintering were studied for ceramic dielectrics based on the system: Bi₂ZnNb₂O₉ with the pyrochlore structure and ZnNb₂O₆ with a columbite one. The work was carried out over a wide range of initial components concentration. Ceramic samples of these materials were prepared by the mixed oxide technique. The effect of adding glass to the materials have been discussed. The sintering behaviour, dielectric permittivity, quality factor and crystal structures have been characterized for ceramic samples depending on compositions. Low-temperature co-firable ceramic material with ɛ ∼ 30, τ_ɛ = 0 and Q × f = 3500 GHz based on the above system was synthesized.     

无人直升机遥感在华北平原地裂缝监测中的应用

本文介绍了无人直升机遥感技术在华北地裂缝(隆尧段)调查中的应用,给出了低空遥感地裂缝信息采集技术框架,并通过从不同角度、不同高度空中摄影方案,展示了部分遥感监测影像。根据华北平原(隆尧段)地裂缝的发育特征、建立遥感解译标志,并对隆尧地裂缝遥感信息进行探索性提取。通过野外验证,监测效果良好。本文研究成果为在平原地区快速、大面积寻找和监测地裂缝提供了可行的低空遥感技术和方法参考。     

Design theory at Bauhaus: teaching “splitting” knowledge

Recent advances in design theory help clarify the logic, forms and conditions of generativity. In particular, the formal model of forcing predicts that high-level generativity (so-called generic generativity) can only be reached if the knowledge structure meets the ‘splitting condition’. We test this hypothesis for the case of Bauhaus (1919–1933), where we can expect strong generativity and where we have access to the structures of knowledge provided by teaching. We analyse teaching at Bauhaus by focusing on the courses of Itten and Klee. We show that these courses aimed to increase students’ creative design capabilities by providing the students with methods of building a knowledge base with two critical features: (1) a knowledge structure that is characterized by non-determinism and non-modularity and (2) a design process that helps students progressively ‘superimpose’ languages on the object. From the results of the study, we confirm the hypothesis deduced from design theory; we reveal unexpected conditions on the knowledge structure required for generativity and show that the structure is different from the knowledge structure and design process of engineering systematic design and show that the conditions required for generativity, which can appear as a limit on generativity, can also be positively interpreted. The example of Bauhaus shows that enabling a splitting condition is a powerful way to increase designers’ generativity.     

全国煤炭矿业权分布规律研究

基于全国矿业权实地核查成果数据库,确认煤炭矿业权在我国所有矿业权中占绝对优势的地位。在此基础上,从矿业权性质、地域分布、矿山开采规模、开采方式、矿业权获取方式等方面系统统计分析了煤炭矿业权分布特点和规律;归纳分析了煤炭矿业权分布所反映的主要问题,提出下一步加强煤炭矿业权管理的建议。     

石灰、粉煤灰改性对盐渍土吸附石油污染物行为的影响

有效调控污染物的运移是实现污染土工程再利用的前提。考虑石油污染盐渍土的特殊性及工程利用的力学需求,优选石灰和粉煤灰为改性材料,结合静态动态试验,研究石灰和粉煤灰对滨海盐渍土中石油污染物的吸附解吸行为的影响。结果表明:单独的石灰和粉煤灰,对石油污染物的吸附率分别为26%和14%,两者联合作用时,吸附率提高到39%,在盐渍土中加入石灰和粉煤灰可有效提高对石油污染物的吸附量,加快吸附稳定速率;盐渍土、石灰+盐渍土、粉煤灰+盐渍土、石灰+粉煤灰+盐渍土对石油的吸附动力学均符合Lagergren二级动力学非线性方程,联合作用可使吸附平衡时间由400min缩短至60min;石灰、粉煤灰有利于吸附赋存于土颗粒孔隙中未被盐渍土颗粒吸附的呈自由态的石油;盐渍土、石灰+盐渍土、粉煤灰+盐渍土、石灰+粉煤灰+盐渍土对石油污染物的吸附等温线均为非线性Freundlich模式;石油被解吸的能力依次为盐渍土粉煤灰+盐渍土石灰+盐渍土石灰+粉煤灰+盐渍土,石灰+粉煤灰对石油污染物的吸附以化学吸附为主,具有不可逆性,有助于缓解环境温度的影响,增强稳定性。     

MTBE生产工艺比选及循环经济构建

将以异丁烯为原料的传统MTBE生产工艺与以异丁烷为原料的MTBE生产工艺进行对比。虽然以异丁烷为原料的MTBE生产工艺流程长、投资高,但是解决了传统MTBE生产中异丁烯原料紧张的问题,也为重混合C4液化气找到了下游出路。此外,通过对以异丁烷为原料的MTBE生产工艺进行优化比选,确定采用UOP移动床异丁烷脱氢技术、镍基催化剂烯烃饱和、热泵技术精馏、混相床+催化蒸馏组合工艺合成MTBE是目前较优的工艺技术路线。最终构建了MTBE在石化厂的循环经济产业链。     

无水氟化氢泄露环境风险评价

无水氟化氢是化工生产的重要原料和产品,其生产、储存、运输和使用过程中都有发生事故的案例。因此,做好无水氟化氢的环境风险评价对于如何有效防范风险事故发生、确定安全范围以及风险事故发生后如何采取风险应急措施等都是非常必要的。以某氟化工企业的无水氟化氢生产为例,按照《建设项目环境风险评价技术导则》要求,通过重大危险源辨识、风险识别,确定无水氟化氢储罐泄露为最大可信事故。又通过源项分析、后果计算,对无水氟化氢储罐的泄露事故进行环境风险预测和评价,并提出了相关的风险防范措施,以期为同类型项目的环境风险评价提供可借鉴的经验。