Steepest-first exploration with learning-based path evaluation: uncovering the design strategy of parameter analysis with C–K theory

The parameter analysis method of conceptual design is studied in this paper with the help of C–K theory. Each of the fundamental design activities—idea generation, implementation of the idea as hardware and evaluation—is explained and defined as a specific sequence of C–K operators. A case study of designing airborne decelerators is used to demonstrate the modeling of the parameter analysis process in C–K terms. The theory is used to explain how recovery from an initial fixation took place, leading to a breakthrough in the design process. It is shown that the innovative power of parameter analysis is based on C-space “de-partitioning” and that the efficient strategy exhibited by parameter analysis can be interpreted as steepest-first, controlled by an evaluation function of the design path. This logic is explained as generalization of branch-and-bound algorithms by a learning-based, dynamically evolving evaluation function and exploration of a state space that keeps changing during the actual process of designing.     

白洋淀流域潜在蒸散量与实际蒸散量变化分析

基于Penman-Monteith公式和Budyko假设,利用白洋淀流域1960年-2011年的气象、水文资料,计算分析了该流域潜在蒸散量与实际蒸散量的长期变化趋势,并初步分析了实际蒸散量变化与降水变化、潜在蒸散量变化的关系。结果表明:过去52年白洋淀流域潜在蒸散量和实际蒸散量分别以10.3mm/(10a)和11.6mm/(10a)的速度呈下降趋势;年代际变化分析表明,潜在蒸散量的下降趋势在不同年代际间具有持续性,而实际蒸散量则表现为波动下降,其波动性受降水波动的影响,年实际蒸散量的变化与年降水的变化呈正相关关系(R2=0.99),与潜在蒸散量的变化呈负相关关系(R2=0.37),即降水量的变化对实际蒸散量的变化起主要控制作用。     

高浓度二氧化碳入侵对土壤理化性质的影响

在地质储存CO_2(GCS)泄漏对生态环境的影响中,土壤作为生态系统中物质与能量交换的主要介质,其理化性质的变化研究尤为重要。采用人工模拟CO_2泄漏地表的方式,并分析土壤pH值、总有机碳、氮、磷、钾、水溶性盐浓度的变化及地表植物响应。结果表明:CO_2入侵使土壤总有机碳相比于对照增加了1.56%~43.75%,总氮下降了0.88%~13.25%,氨氮与硝氮也同比下降,磷、钾、水溶性盐总体也是减少的,但土壤pH值有所上升,且各植物长势均较好,尤其是豌豆与萝卜的生长较好。结论:高浓度CO_2入侵会对土壤理化性质产生一定影响,而且对植物的生长有促进作用。     

谱激电法判别岩溶管道充填物性质实验研究

频谱激电法中的谱激电参数含有岩层内部孔隙结构的信息,不同的充填物往往具有不同的频谱特性,本文利用频谱特性差异来研究岩溶管道充填物的性质。通过大量的物理模型实验,研究了溶洞充水、充土、充泥、充盐水、无洞和空洞时的谱激电响应,得出:模拟溶洞充填物性质不同时相位谱有或大或小的差异;充水、充泥时和空洞、无洞时相比电阻率振幅谱、相位谱和虚电阻率谱有明显差异;充水、充盐水、充泥和充土时的时间常数比无洞和空洞时明显要大;充泥时的时间常数τ最大,充土其次,充自来水再次,充盐水最小。仔细分析原始数据图件和反演获得的频谱激电参数的大小变化及其分布情况,同时结合其他资料,定性地对岩溶充填物属性的判断是可行的。     

探地雷达极化探测时域有限差分法模拟效果分析

采用不同天线极化方式进行探地雷达探测时得到的雷达图像是不同的,研究不同属性的目标体在不同极化方式下的雷达信号响应特征,可以指导工作人员在实际应用中对异常的解释。根据天线与测线的分布方向可分为xx,xy,yx,yy四种天线极化方式。本文基于电磁波的极化理论和天线的极化方式,利用时域有限差分法进行正演模拟,分析不同属性不同延伸方向目标体不同极化方式的探测效果。通过模拟分析,无论何种类型的目标体,采用xx和yy天线极化方式比用xy和yx方式得到的雷达信号强度大;对于不同延伸方向的目标体,xx极化方式的信号呈现一定的规律性。已知地下目标体走向和属性时,可采用适当的极化方式和测线来测量;当地下目标体未知时,可根据不同极化测量得到的信号特征来分析地下异常体的属性和走向。     

综合物探方法在南京横溪—小丹阳示范区找矿中的研究与应用

介绍采用高精度重、磁和大功率激电方法组成的综合物探方法在横溪-小丹阳示范区找矿的应用。基于磁法勘探对于磁性或伴生磁性矿物的固体矿产勘查的有效性,依据南京市横溪-小丹阳勘查示范区重力和电法剖面资料,结合已知钻孔物性资料,通过对该区铜铁矿型多金属矿床的重磁电异常分布特征研究,达到较好的找矿效果。     

Innovative vendor-managed inventory strategy exploiting interconnected logistics services in the Physical Internet

Traditional supply chain networks are often designed in the interests of a company. Once the network has been defined, the storage and distribution of goods are usually fixed and restricted within the network. This is assumed to be an inherent limit of current inventory control research. Instead of specialised hierarchical storage networks, this paper proposes an innovative vendor-managed inventory strategy exploiting the Physical Internet (PI), which is an open, universal, interconnected logistics system. In such a system, facilities and means of transport are shared and can be allocated according to demands of users. As a result, the PI allows users to stock anywhere in the network and also provides open multisourcing options for orders with on-demand warehousing services within the PI. Inventory decisions can be made dynamically by each player to minimise networkwide inventory levels. A non-linear, simulation-based optimisation model was developed for the vendors’ inventory decision-making when confronted with stochastic demands. A metaheuristic using simulated annealing was applied to solve the problem, and then, the optimised inventory decisions were validated using simulation. The results suggest that the proposed PI inventory model can reduce the total logistics cost while maintaining a comparable or better level of end customers’ services.     

The relationship between the stability of emulsified diesel and flotation of graphite

The emulsified diesel is a good collector of non-metallic minerals, such as coal and graphite, but it suffers from easily stratification which may lead to the change of graphite flotation. This paper reports research on the relationship between the stability of emulsified diesel and graphite flotation. The results shows that the proper Hydrophile Lipophilic Balance (HLB) value (13–14) and co-emulsifier (hexyl alcohol) can improve the stability of emulsified diesel and increase the recovery of graphite. Better dispersion state of diesel in water and smaller oil droplets could be formed when the stability of emulsified increases, which leads to enhancement of graphite recovery. Besides, the tests of the real ore proved that emulsified diesel is better collector than common diesel.     

基岩裂隙地下水综合勘查技术模式

针对基岩山区特殊的地形以及复杂的地质情况下找水成功率不高、工作效率极低的特点，通过选择＋IKONOS高空间分辨率图像为数据源进行线性构造解译、大比例尺水文地质调查以及适宜的综合物探技术，形成集遥感、水文地质、综合物探为一体的多参数、多方位的勘查技术模式，经过在保定西部太行山区的多处应用，验证了勘查的准确率和工作效率的高效性，为山区基岩裂隙地下水的有效勘查提供了一种综合勘查技术模式。