Investigation of geometrical representative elementary volumes based on sampling directions and fracture sets

Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment - This paper reports that the geometrical representative elementary volume (REV) of fractured rock masses is anisotropic, and the geometric shape...     

Investigation on shear modulus and damping ratio of Algiers marls under cyclic and dynamic loading conditions

A sound knowledge of the dynamic properties of soils is needed to solve several geotechnical engineering problems associated with earthquakes. Here we describe a laboratory investigation performed to measure the dynamic properties of the Plaisancian deposit of marls in the Algiers region using cyclic triaxial tests, cyclic double specimen direct simple shear tests, cyclic torsional shear tests and dynamic resonant column tests. The key parameters governing the nonlinear soil behavior under cyclic/dynamic loading and their relative importance in terms of affecting the dynamic properties of soils, wich are communaly represented by the normalized equivalent shear modulus reduction and damping ratio curves, are illustrated and discussed. We also address the differences in the deduced parameters obtained with different tests, procedures and interpretation criteria. The comparison between test results and empirical or semi-empirical relations for normalized equivalent shear modulus and damping ratio curves highlights a number of limitations and shortcomings of predictive models currently widely used.

     

浅议我国绿色勘查演进路径

顺应生态文明建设的新要求,绿色勘查正在全国蓬勃开展。我国现行的绿色勘查“标准”,规范和引导了勘查活动中的生态环境保护。国外矿业发达国家结合环境、健康、安全和社区关系管理,倡导负责任的勘查。本文通过分析矿业发达国家先进经验,结合我国绿色勘查的实际情况,提出我国绿色勘查演进路径,即从当前以勘查活动中生态环境保护为重点的绿色勘查1.0版本(Environment),逐步升级至2.0版本的健康(Health)+安全(Safety)+环境(Environment)“三位一体”的管理体系(HSE),进一步发展为3.0版本的健康(Health)+安全(Safety)+环境(Environment)和社区(Community)“四位一体”的管理体系(HSEC)。在任何可能的情况下,都遵循“负责任”和“最佳实践”原则。通过不断总结绿色勘查最佳实践经验,发布详细的实践指南,不断升级绿色勘查理念和标准体系,逐步使我国绿色勘查与世界先进理念和标准接轨,以负责任的勘查实践赢得社会认可。     

六盘山盆地页岩吸附气赋存条件及其影响因素

六盘山盆地具备一定的油气勘探条件。为了探索六盘山盆地页岩吸附气的赋存条件及其影响因素，通过建立吸附气模型等方法对盆地内GY1井白垩系马东山组泥页岩进行了研究。六盘山盆地白垩系泥页岩有机质含量偏低，最大甲烷吸附能力介于1.73~2.35 m3/t之间，均值为2.03 m3/t，具有较强的储气能力。泥页岩吸附能力随深度增加呈先增大后减小的趋势，存在一个深度拐点，在浅部压力起主要作用，而在深部温度起主要作用。泥页岩吸附气的赋存条件主要受6个方面的影响，其中有机质丰度、成熟度和湿度的影响并不显著，而矿物含量、微观物性和温度、压力是主要的影响因素。在外界地质条件适合的情况下，六盘山盆地页岩储层中的气体富集程度比较高，非常有利于页岩气的开发。      

Surface morphologies and floatability of sand-blasted quartz particles

Significance of morphological properties of minerals in flotation has been recognized for several decades but sufficient research efforts have not been devoted to this problem. In this study, a special design laboratory scale blasting equipment was used to produce quartz particles with different shapes and roughness values, and develop a new method by which flotation characteristics of quartz particles could be enhanced. For this purpose, micro-flotation experiments were carried out with un-blasted and blasted quartz particles, and the results were correlated with their shape and roughness values analyzed with SEM, BET, and Image analysis methods. The results indicated that the blasted quartz particles with more angular and rougher surfaces gave better floatability compared to the un-blasted quartz particles.     

Should we manage the process of inventing? Designing for patentability

Intellectual property is considered to provide the infrastructure of innovation, and companies could proactively generate their intellectual assets and strengthen the business opportunities by focusing on discovery phases. This paper examines whether the invention process can be managed and finds that patents appear not only as a result of inventive activity but as the purpose as well. By building on recent design theories such as the concept–knowledge design theory, this research introduces a general framework that enables controlling for ‘patentability’ criteria, describes a patent in a unique way using actions, effects, and associated knowledge, and defines a patentable subject matter based on the notion of the person skilled in the art. Using the introduced model, several patent design methods are compared and their performances are characterized. The model was tested within the European semiconductor manufacturer, STMicroelectronics. The results indicate that the quality of patent proposals depends on the capacity to extend existing knowledge combinations, to overcome the initial design reasoning of the person skilled in the art, and to ensure novelty and sufficient inventive step. Finally, the proposed model in this research, the ‘design-for-patentability’ model, demonstrates that there is an unexplored property of the concept–knowledge design theory—non-substitution—showing that the order within design is irreversible and influences the quality of results.     

Decision support for choice optimal power generation projects: Fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model based on the electricity market

In 2002, China began to inspire restructuring of the electric power sector to improve its performance. Especially, with the rapid increase of electricity demand in China, there is a need for non-utility generation investment that cannot be met by government finance alone. However, a first prerequisite is that regulators and decision-makers (DMs) should carefully consider how to balance the need to attract private investment against the policy objectives of minimizing monopoly power and fostering competitive markets. So in the interim term of electricity market, a decentralized decision-making process should eventually replace the centralized generation capacity expansion planning. In this paper, firstly, on the basis of the current situation, a model for evaluating generation projects by comprehensive utilization of fuzzy appraisal and analytic hierarchy process (AHP) is developed. Secondly, a case study of generation project evaluation in China is presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the model in selecting optimal generation projects and attracting private investors. In the case study, with considerations of attracting adequate private investment and promoting energy conservation in China, five most promising policy instruments selected as evaluation factors include project duration, project costs, predicted on-grid price level, environmental protection, enterprise credit grading and performance. Finally, a comprehensive framework that enables the DM to have better concentration and to make more sound decisions by combining the model proposed with modern computer science is designed.     

俄罗斯大陆架地质调查及矿产资源开发利用现状

俄罗斯是世界上大陆架面积最大的国家,其大陆架面积约620万km2,占世界大陆架总面积的21%,尤其是俄罗斯北极区域的油气资源占俄大陆架油气资源总量的85%,且尚待发现的油气资源约占世界油气资源总量的20%。俄罗斯大陆架固体矿产矿种繁多,有金、锡、铂、铬铁矿、金刚石、钛、锆、铁、研磨料、宝石等矿物的砂矿、铁锰结核和结壳、介壳灰岩、有机矿物淤泥等矿床和大量矿点以及独一无二的猛犸象骨骼化石矿床。因此近20年来,俄罗斯一直把大陆架的地质调查,特别是油气勘查工作放在极为重要的地位。2008年俄联邦颁布的第Пр-1969号俄罗斯联邦总统令,批准了《2020年前及以后时期北极地带的国家政策纲要》,随后制定了《2020年前国家安全保障和俄联邦北极地带发展战略》。该法案旨在保障俄罗斯能源原材料的巨大需求,并在俄联邦的北极地带建立和发展油气资源基地和统一的油气运输系统,以及在科研和技术工艺领域开展国际合作。     

基岩水井压裂增水机理分析

基岩地层压裂增水与岩层性质密切相关,不同岩性其力学性质及其裂隙构造不同,压裂机理与工艺方法就不同。根据基岩地下水岩层特点,结合水力压裂增水试验,着重分析了水力压裂的形成机制,探寻了不同岩层及其力学性质与压裂的关系。