重庆周缘下志留统龙马溪组和下寒武统牛蹄塘组页岩有机质孔隙发育及演化特征

针对重庆周缘下志留统龙马溪组和下寒武统牛蹄塘组2套海相页岩已经进行了规模勘探与开发,但2套页岩的产气效果却存在较大差别,其中龙马溪组页岩产气量大,稳产时间长;牛蹄塘组页岩产气量小,稳产时间短。因此,以重庆周缘龙马溪组和牛蹄塘组页岩样品为研究对象,通过有机碳含量测试、全岩XRD分析、等效镜质体反射率测试、聚焦离子束扫描电子显微镜（FIB-SEM）及聚焦离子束氦离子显微镜（FIB-HIM）观察,结合地层埋藏史及生烃演化史分析,对2套页岩的有机质孔隙及演化特征进行了研究。研究结果表明：2套页岩的有机质孔隙发育特征存在较大差别。龙马溪组页岩固体干酪根内有机质孔隙数量少、孔径小,连通性差;但龙马溪组页岩迁移有机质内部孔隙数量多、孔径大,连通性好;牛蹄塘组页岩固体干酪根内不发育孔隙,而迁移有机质内部孔隙数量少、孔径小及连通性差;影响2套页岩有机质孔隙发育的最重要的因素是热演化程度。牛蹄塘组页岩固体干酪根孔隙由于过度演化而大量消失,只保留少量的迁移有机质孔隙;而龙马溪组页岩由于热演化程度适中,发育大量的迁移有机质孔隙,固体干酪根只保留少量孔隙。适宜的热演化程度能够保证页岩有机质孔隙的大量发育期和生烃高峰期的耦合,为页岩气生成之后第一时间得到有效赋存提供必要的有机质孔隙。针对中国南方下寒武统牛蹄塘组页岩气的勘探开发应重点寻找热演化程度适中（2.0%O<3.0%）,即分布在古隆起边缘的页岩分布区。     

大洋钻探井口吸入模块设计与模态分析

井口吸入模块是无隔水管泥浆闭式循环钻井技术（RMR）系统的关键组成部分,其在海底的工作状态对钻井工作有着一定程度的影响。本文设计了一种开放式井口吸入模块,建立了三维模型,通过莫里森方程计算内波流载荷,采用P-y曲线法对土壤条件进行弹簧等效模拟,对井口吸入模块进行了静力学分析和模态分析。研究表明,采用无隔水管泥浆闭式循环钻井技术时,井口装置的相对位移较正常深水钻井可大幅减小,吸入模块及其连接部位应力应变小,由井口吸入模块的模态分析得出了固有频率,为井口吸入模块的尺寸优化及无隔水管泥浆闭式循环钻井技术的应用提供参考,为大洋钻探向深海发展提供技术支撑。     

包气带垂向渗透系数的原位试验研究

野外试验测定包气带渗透系数对于研究非饱和带水分运移过程、植物根系吸水特征及产汇流规律具有重要意义。本文采用Inverse Auger法在毛乌素沙地开展了原位包气带垂向渗透系数测定实验。通过实验数据分析表明:①为获得较可靠的垂向渗透系数,野外实验时,需要重复注水过程,使包气带应尽可能湿润,消除水平吸渗对垂向入渗的影响;②采用Porchet推导的计算公式计算包气带垂向渗透系数时,应对获取的数据进行统计分析,放弃不符合实验物理背景的数据。在上述分析基础上,计算得到实验介质平均垂向渗透系数为2.23 cm/h。上述原位实验数据的分析方法和实验结果对相关实验研究具有一定的借鉴意义。     

Surface morphologies and floatability of sand-blasted quartz particles

Significance of morphological properties of minerals in flotation has been recognized for several decades but sufficient research efforts have not been devoted to this problem. In this study, a special design laboratory scale blasting equipment was used to produce quartz particles with different shapes and roughness values, and develop a new method by which flotation characteristics of quartz particles could be enhanced. For this purpose, micro-flotation experiments were carried out with un-blasted and blasted quartz particles, and the results were correlated with their shape and roughness values analyzed with SEM, BET, and Image analysis methods. The results indicated that the blasted quartz particles with more angular and rougher surfaces gave better floatability compared to the un-blasted quartz particles.     

Should we manage the process of inventing? Designing for patentability

Intellectual property is considered to provide the infrastructure of innovation, and companies could proactively generate their intellectual assets and strengthen the business opportunities by focusing on discovery phases. This paper examines whether the invention process can be managed and finds that patents appear not only as a result of inventive activity but as the purpose as well. By building on recent design theories such as the concept–knowledge design theory, this research introduces a general framework that enables controlling for ‘patentability’ criteria, describes a patent in a unique way using actions, effects, and associated knowledge, and defines a patentable subject matter based on the notion of the person skilled in the art. Using the introduced model, several patent design methods are compared and their performances are characterized. The model was tested within the European semiconductor manufacturer, STMicroelectronics. The results indicate that the quality of patent proposals depends on the capacity to extend existing knowledge combinations, to overcome the initial design reasoning of the person skilled in the art, and to ensure novelty and sufficient inventive step. Finally, the proposed model in this research, the ‘design-for-patentability’ model, demonstrates that there is an unexplored property of the concept–knowledge design theory—non-substitution—showing that the order within design is irreversible and influences the quality of results.     

基岩水井压裂增水机理分析

基岩地层压裂增水与岩层性质密切相关,不同岩性其力学性质及其裂隙构造不同,压裂机理与工艺方法就不同。根据基岩地下水岩层特点,结合水力压裂增水试验,着重分析了水力压裂的形成机制,探寻了不同岩层及其力学性质与压裂的关系。     

俄罗斯大陆架地质调查及矿产资源开发利用现状

俄罗斯是世界上大陆架面积最大的国家,其大陆架面积约620万km2,占世界大陆架总面积的21%,尤其是俄罗斯北极区域的油气资源占俄大陆架油气资源总量的85%,且尚待发现的油气资源约占世界油气资源总量的20%。俄罗斯大陆架固体矿产矿种繁多,有金、锡、铂、铬铁矿、金刚石、钛、锆、铁、研磨料、宝石等矿物的砂矿、铁锰结核和结壳、介壳灰岩、有机矿物淤泥等矿床和大量矿点以及独一无二的猛犸象骨骼化石矿床。因此近20年来,俄罗斯一直把大陆架的地质调查,特别是油气勘查工作放在极为重要的地位。2008年俄联邦颁布的第Пр-1969号俄罗斯联邦总统令,批准了《2020年前及以后时期北极地带的国家政策纲要》,随后制定了《2020年前国家安全保障和俄联邦北极地带发展战略》。该法案旨在保障俄罗斯能源原材料的巨大需求,并在俄联邦的北极地带建立和发展油气资源基地和统一的油气运输系统,以及在科研和技术工艺领域开展国际合作。     

直流电阻率法在水文地质调查中的应用

在水文地质调查工作中,直流电阻率法是一种重要的物探方法。文章简要介绍了直流电阻率法的基本原理和特点,论述了水文地质调查的相关内容,分别总结了高密度电阻率法和电测深法在水文地质调查中的应用,并通过实例论述了高密度电阻率法和电测深法在水文地质工作中取得的地质效果,为该工作区的水文地质调查工作提供了一定的技术支撑。