华北平原卸荷深层土体变形特性

利用压缩试验,对在华北平原地区199～479m深处所取的深层砂土、粉土、黏土土样进行取样后卸荷的变形特性进行了研究。结果表明,荷载1 200kPa和3 200kPa,199～439m土样变形量分别在0.43～1.386mm和0.725～1.896mm间;不同岩性土变形量砂土>黏土>粉土,黏土回弹最强。变形过程分析发现,砂土变形压缩初期主要为孔隙压缩,后期主要为颗粒磨损;黏土变形为颗粒相对移动和破损交互作用结果;粉土变形主要为孔隙压缩。     

漠河冻土区天然气水合物科学钻探MK 2孔地层岩性的测井识别

岩性识别是天然气水合物储层测井评价的基础,准确的岩性识别结果可以为天然气水合物的勘探提供可靠的依据,在寻找天然气水合物和评估天然气水合物储量方面发挥着巨大的作用。针对漠河冻土区天然气水合物科学钻探 2孔（MK 2孔）的钻探情况,利用已钻井段地层的岩心资料和常规测井资料,分别采用交会图法和支持向量机法对研究区的地层开展了岩性识别研究。结果表明：研究区内有砂岩、泥岩、石灰岩、糜棱岩和泥质板岩５种岩石,其不同岩性的测井响应差异能够定性识别岩性;自然电位与电阻率测井参数的交会,能够有效的、定量识别研究区地层的岩性;支持向量机法所建立的岩性识别模型,对研究区地层的岩性识别率可达96.67%。所建立的测井识别方法较好地解决了该区地层岩性识别问题,也为类似地区的天然气水合物地层测井评价提供了一种重要的手段。     

流线法在二维两相渗流解析求解中的应用

以五点井网为例,基于压力叠加原理及Buckley—Leverett方程,利用流线法求解特征线,建立了二维两相非活塞式驱替的解析求解模型,并运用该模型对驱替过程中的饱和度分布、驱替前缘位置等进行了计算。文中将Buckley—leverel!方程应用于多维计算,给出了二维两相渗流问题的解析求解方法,并将计算结果与Eclipse数值求解结果进行对比．验证了该方法的实用性,对渗流计算的简化及解析求解理论向多维多相的进一步发展具有一定的推进意义     

Tectonic evolution and its control over deposition in fault basins: A case study of the Western Sag of the Cenozoic Liaohe Depression, eastern China

The main petroliferous basins in eastern China are Cenozoic fault basins, most of which have experienced two-stage tectonic evolution, i.e., rifting subsidence in the Paleogene and post-rifting thermal subsidence in the Neogene-Quaternary. The episodic tectonic evolution and syndepositional faulting had significant influence on the fault basins in terms of accommodation space, deposition rate, and depositional facies zones. In this study, the tectonic deformation characteristics and the tectonic-depositional evolution of the Western Sag of the Cenozoic Liaohe Depression were investigated by comprehensive analysis of the available geological and geophysical data using the modern theory of tectonic geology and the balanced section technique. The tectonic deformation of the Cenozoic fault basin was characterized by superimposed faults and depression. In addition, there existed relatively independent but still related extensional tectonic systems and strike-slip tectonic systems. The tectonic evolution of the fault basin involved five stages, i.e., initial rifting stage (E2s4), intense faulting stage (E2s3), fault-depression transition stage (E3s1-2 ), differential uplifting stage (E3d), and depression stage (N-Q). According to the characteristics of tectonic development and evolution of the Western Sag, the depositional evolution in the Cenozoic fault basin was divided into two stages, i.e., multi-episodic rifting filling in the Paleogene and post-rifting filling in the Neogene-Quaternary. The former rifting stage was further subdivided into four episodes with different characteristics of depositional development. The episodic faulting controlled the filling process and filling pattern of the Cenozoic Western Sag as well as the development and spatial distribution of associated depositional systems, whereas the syndepositional faults that developed in multiple stages in various tectonic positions controlled the development of depositional systems and sand bodies in the Western Sag. That is, the fault terraces on steep slopes controlled the development of sand bodies, the fault terraces on gentle slopes controlled the development of low-stand fan bodies, and the fault terraces or fault troughs in the central basin controlled the development of fluxoturbidite bodies.     

华北平原地下水资源承载力评价

华北平原地下水严重超采,并带来一系列资源环境问题,地下水资源承载力的可持续性面临严重挑战。本研究定义了地下水资源承载力的概念,提出了一种定量评价地下水承载力的新方法,并对华北平原地下水承载力进行了评价。结果表明,华北平原地区地下水资源支撑的GDP从2003年的15 608.18亿元迅速提高到2011年的37 584.9亿元,33.3%的地市位于未超采未超载区;华北平原整体及57.2%的地市均位于超采未超载区,已发生地下水超采,但通过提高用水效率,未来社会经济规模仍有发展空间;9.5%的地市位于超采超载区。最后探讨地下水资源的承载力的提高途径,主要包括增加地下水资源可利用量和提高用水效率两方面,其中提高用水效率效果更显著。     

Hot-brine Injection for the Dissociation of Natural Gas Hydrates

A new one-dimensional experimental system for natural gas hydrate (NGH) exploitation is designed, which is used to study the formation and dissociation processes of NGH. NGH is formed in the sand-packing tube, and then hot-brine is injected into the tube to study the thermal dissociation characteristics. The injection parameters that influence gas production rate and energy efficiency are analyzed. The results show that the higher the injection temperature and injection rate are, the higher the gas production rate is. In addition, the most sensitive parameter, which influences the energy efficiency of thermal stimulation is the hot-brine temperature, followed by the hot-brine injection rate and injection time. This study provides an experimental basis for further study on NGH exploitation in the future.     

基于水文响应单元的高标准农田水资源供需分析——以黄骅市为例

高标准农田建设是提高农作物单产,改善农用地质量,提高农业生产力十分必要的工作。河北省黄骅市地势平坦,耕地广布,土地利用潜力巨大,是高标准农田建设的重点地区,也是严重的缺水区。开展基于高标准农田建设的水资源供需分析和评价,探索新的土地整理技术措施,可以科学合理利用水资源,提高农用地利用效率。运用基于水文响应单元的水资源模型方法对研究区水资源供需量进行计算,通过ARCGIS软件平台进行空间分析,最终形成基于高标准农田建设的水资源供需分析评价。结果显示,距离海岸较近的黄骅市东部水土资源属于极度充沛区和充沛区,处于黄骅市南部以及西北部部分地区为平衡区,而处于西部和中部的部分地区为缺水区和极度缺水区。     

南江县石板沟滑坡特征、成因及演化过程研究

石板沟滑坡是南江县2011年“9.18”洪灾期间降雨诱发的大型顺层基岩滑坡。通过野外调研,详细研究了石板沟滑坡的地质环境和滑坡特征,并从多方面论述了其发生的地质成因机制及变形演化过程。研究表明:原三沟环绕的地形特征为石板沟滑坡的发生提供了非常大的汇水条件,超强度降雨引起斜坡所蕴藏的高势能、极高的静水压力、浮托力以及滑带土的液化,是致使石板沟滑坡高速滑动的主要原因;滑坡的变形演化过程大致经历基岩斜坡原生节理裂隙充水张开、初期短距离拉槽起动、中期槽谷缓慢扩张、后期槽谷充水剧烈滑移4个阶段。最后建议在地质调查详查工作中应注重对斜坡微地貌及风化卸荷带的调查,对预测预报这类具有隐伏性的顺层基岩滑坡具有重大意义。     

塔里木盆地轮古西地区奥陶系古潜山岩溶作用机理与发育模式

轮古西地区奥陶系碳酸盐岩岩溶储集空间主要为溶蚀孔、洞、缝,岩溶储层类型可分为裂缝型、孔洞型、裂缝—孔洞型、洞穴型4种,具有极强的非均质性;不同地貌单元岩溶缝洞系统具有明显的垂向分带特征,应用薄片分析法对不同类型岩溶作用机理进行研究,在此基础上分析轮古西地区奥陶系碳酸盐岩岩溶储层发育模式.认为:东部轮古7井区区域位置最高,为轮南潜山区域补给区;轮古西地区岩溶台地为该区补给区,大气降水以下渗、径流为主,溶蚀孔洞及溶蚀裂缝发育,泥质、方解石充填;岩溶坡地为地下水径流区,地下水以水平径流为主,岩溶暗河管道系统发育,岩溶角砾岩、泥质充填;岩溶盆地为排泄区,其排泄基准面决定了岩溶发育规模.     

塔北哈拉哈塘地区奥陶系碳酸盐岩岩溶层组特征与溶蚀强度分析

塔北哈拉哈塘地区奥陶系多个层位均发育岩溶缝洞型储层。对钻井岩心系统采样测试分析,总结了哈拉哈塘地区不同地层的岩石类型及其纵向组合发育特征。不同类型碳酸盐岩溶蚀试验研究发现,泥质含量及MgO含量对岩石可溶性具有影响,溶蚀强度为纯颗粒石灰岩 > >白云质灰岩 >白云岩 >泥灰岩。以此为基础进行层组划分,将奥陶系碳酸盐岩划分为2类3型5个亚型:一间房组及鹰一、二段为灰岩连续型层组,属强岩溶层组;良一段,鹰三、四段为灰岩夹云岩亚型,岩溶强度属中等;其余各层组溶蚀性较弱。实际钻井结果及地震剖面"串珠"发育情况统计认为,该区岩溶层组类型控制了缝洞型储层的发育。