Modeling of single-flexural crack induced debonding of FRP plate strengthened concrete beams based on an assumption of heterogeneity

External bonding of fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) plate has become a popular method for strengthening concrete structures in recent years. This paper presents a numerical study of single-flexural crack induced debonding based on a progressive damage model. The ongoing debonding process is simulated. Interfacial stress distributions for different load levels are analyzed. A parametric study, including influence of heterogeneity of the adhesive layer, size of the flexural crack, thickness of the adhesive layer and the FRP plate and elastic modulus of the adhesive layer on the critical load is carried out. The numerical results indicate that the interface shear stress decreases gradually from the pre-existing crack or the debonding tip to the FRP plate ends along the FRP-concrete interface. Although local debondings nucleate at random locations, the dominated debonding initially starts from the pre-existing crack and propagates to the FRP plate ends as the load increasing.     

移动荷载下正交各向异性地基无限大板的动力响应

以薄板理论和弹性动力学理论为前提,以位移分量为基本未知量,建立了直角坐标系下的移动谐振荷载作用下正交各向异性地基上覆无限大弹性板的力学模型和动力微分方程;然后用坐标变换和Fourier积分变换,且引入边界条件,推导了移动荷载作用下无限大板的挠度和薄板与地基之间的接触应力的积分形式解。基于推导的理论方法,编制了相应的计算程序,并对薄板表面作用线性谐振荷载问题进行了算例分析,验证了方法的正确性。最后,对移动谐振荷载作用下公路路面板的动力响应进行了参数分析,研究了土体参数、板参数、荷载速度、荷载频率对其影响规律。结果表明:土体的各向异性、板厚、板的弹性模量、荷载移动的速度和振动频率对板动力响应影响很大。     

A case study on ground treatment for a rock tunnel with high groundwater ingression in Taiwan

This paper presents a case study on the collapse caused by sudden groundwater ingression in the Pinglin pilot tunnel, and the treatments developed for the adverse ground conditions encountered. The ideas for the ground treatment are to reduce groundwater pressure as well as to consolidate the fractured zone in rock formations. The paper highlights the importance of paying particular attention to the ground treatment process and grouting quality control. Ongoing adjustments of grouting mixture and pressure may be necessary with the changing ground conditions.     

阿拉沟水库溢洪道水流特性数值模拟

采用标准k～ε湍流模型,利用VOF法追踪自由水面对阿拉沟水库溢洪道设计和校核工况下水面线、断面流态进行数值模拟,并将两种工况下水流特性进行比较,结果表明水面线实测值与计算值二者吻合良好,各断面平均流速实测值与计算值误差在允许范围内。因此采用数值模拟能够反映不同工况条件下溢洪道的水流特性,可为溢洪道结构设计提供可靠依据,具有一定的实际应用价值。     

多级串联明渠调水工程多目标水位预测控制模型研究

针对传统的明渠水位预测控制模型无法考虑闸门调控次数限制的问题,本文在以往的预测控制目标中加入了流量调整惩罚量,构造了多目标渠池水位预测控制模型;并采用带有精英排序策略的遗传算法来进行复杂优化问题的求解。将此模型应用于南水北调中线干线工程最后6级渠池的虚拟仿真模型中对模型可靠性进行分析,结果表明在两种测试工况中,本文的多目标预测控制模型相比于传统预测控制模型,能在保持相似的水位控制效果同时使得闸控次数降低43%和52%;而且采用遗传算法求解能考虑闸门死区带来的流量最小变幅约束问题,在需要提前进行流量微调的情况下生成更加合理的调控方案。本文结果也表明,基于水位状态预测模型构造多目标预测控制模型,并采用启发式算法进行优化问题求解,这一思路具有一定可行性。     

Simulation of the stress regime during grain filling in bamboo reinforced concrete silo

Design and development of low-cost farm silos call for a strong understanding of its structural performance and loads. Limited studies address the effect of stored grains on silos. A farm level bamboo reinforced concrete (BRC) silo with a flat bottom has been designed for the storage of rough rice. A full-scale 3D finite element (FE) model of the BRC silo has been developed and the grain filling in progressive layers simulated in the ANSYS^® software. The stored grain and silo body interactions have been modeled considering the characteristic properties of both rough rice as well as the BRC, with minimal simplifications. The numerical results have been compared with the outcomes of classical theories (Jannsen’s and Reimbert’s) and design code (IS 4995-1974). While a significant difference was observed between the lateral stress magnitudes predicted by the numerical and analytical methods, the axial wall stresses from FEM approach deviated from the IS code values by 16%. Contrary to the analytical approaches, FEM predicted non-uniform stress distribution due to the bulk grain at the silo bottom. The numerical approach could also identify the localized peak pressures and stress distribution patterns within the grain layers, which is usually beyond the scope of analytical techniques. Possible reasons for fluctuations in stress patterns are discussed in detail. The study unveiled the intricacies involved in the FEM and the analytical outcomes while predicting the stresses in small and medium scale silos intended for use on farms.     

干旱区平原水库消减水面蒸发试验研究

为减少蒸发造成的干旱区平原水库水量损失,进行了苯板覆盖水面消减蒸发的节水试验。试验分别采用蒸发池面积的25%、50%、75%、100%的苯板覆盖水面以探析不同面积条件下苯板对蒸发的消减规律。结果表明,不同面积苯板覆盖条件下,分别减少了23.85%、39.63%、55.54%、63.85%的蒸发水量。为探索苯板实际应用的可行性,在水库进行了实际铺设研究。研究表明,苯板在合理铺设的情况下,可以抵抗一定风浪作用,进而达到消减平原水库无效蒸发的目的。本实验对提高干旱区水资源有效利用率和水资源调配能力具有重要意义。     

城市水-能源-粮食耦合协调发展研究

水资源、能源、粮食是我国的重要资源,三者之间相互依存,在城市发展过程中起着重要作用,是城市可持续发展的重要基础资源。以上海市为例,构建上海市W-E-F (Water-Energy-Food 简写为W-E-F)系统的综合评价指标体系,采用熵值法和变异系数法对指标赋权,然后建立耦合协调度模型,分析上海市W-E-F系统和各子系统间协调发展水平,并应用灰色GM (1, 1)模型预测2018—2025年上海市W-E-F系统的耦合协调度发展趋势。结果显示:上海市W-E-F系统发展分为两个阶段,第一阶段为2003—2013年,W-E-F系统呈下降趋势;第二阶段为2013—2017年,W-E-F系统呈稳定上升趋势,并在未来2018—2025年耦合协调度呈稳定上升趋势,至2025年过渡到良好协调发展水平,但未上升到优质协调发展水平。上海市应继续提高资源利用效率,拓展城市协调发展空间。     

基于投入占用产出理论的黑龙江省水资源经济分析

水资源是制约社会经济可持续发展的重要因素之一,故水资源有限的情况下,合理利用水资源,提高用水的经济效益就变得愈加重要。以黑龙江省为例基于投入占用产出理论建立水资源投入产出表,计算该省的用水效率和用水效益。基于两者的比较分析,对黑龙江省国民经济部门的用水特性进行了综合评价。研究结果表明,黑龙江省农业耗水量最大却效率低下,用水成本高,经济效益差;工业用水效率高,经济效益较好。因此,建议应提高农业内部用水效率,发展工业,调整全省的产业用水结构,提高用水的整体经济效益,为建立节水型社会提供科学的决策依据。     

基于SCS模型桥河流域不同时期的水文特性

选取我国南方湿润地区——湖北省漳河灌区桥河流域作为研究对象,并根据1966—2010年土地利用的变化划分为4个阶段.将SCS模型改进后应用于流域的产汇流计算,并分析该流域不同阶段的降雨-径流关系和洪峰流量变化.分析结果表明,在相同频率下,年径流量和洪峰流量随着时间的推移有减少的趋势.这说明了土地利用的变化对流域水文特性具有一定的影响,也说明了加强人类活动影响研究的重要性.