Non-uniform and dynamic domain decompositions for hypercomputing

Implementing efficient parallel programs on a network-based computing platform is still a challenge. This paper proposes a new adaptive data distribution (ADD) support that avoids the complex task of managing irregular data distributions and adapting them to the variable conditions of a multi-users system. In particular, ADD provides the programmer with a data partition algorithm that fits the non-uniformity of the platform nodes at the beginning of program execution, a set of data inquiry primitives that allow the programmer to deal with a logical regular partition and a runtime support that autonomously adapts the data distribution to the node power variations occurring during computation. Several experimental results demonstrate that ADD is a very useful tool to maintain the efficiency of SPMD computations especially when the platform is highly non-uniform and variable.     

蚌埠市农业旱灾脆弱性综合评价

农业旱灾系统脆弱性评价在农业旱灾风险管理中具有重要意义。为定量评价蚌埠市农业旱灾脆弱性,运用基于改进云相似度的方法建立了农业旱灾脆弱性评价模型。根据云模型的特点分析评价过程中存在的随机性、模糊性等不确定性,通过期望、熵和超熵3个参数定量分析农业旱灾系统的脆弱性。评价结果表明,基于改进云相似度的综合评价所得均值与模糊综合评价结果大致相同,用熵和超熵两个参数来反映可能取值范围、离散程度以及稳定性等不确定性,可充分考虑脆弱性、风险等的不确定性,为旱灾风险调控与管理提供有力依据。     

季节冻土区梯形混凝土衬砌渠道冻胀预测研究

依据热传导和质量迁移理论,建立渠基冻土温度场、水分场和应力场耦合数学模型,分析了影响季节冻土区渠基土体冻结的核心因素温度和水分运移量,提出以冻结期渠基土体温度和水分迁移量为变量,建立渠基土体冻深和冻胀量预测模型。借助于季节性冻融条件下梯形混凝土衬砌渠道原型观测成果,观测了冻结期渠基以下5 cm处土体温度以及水分迁移量,研究了季节冻融渠基温度和水分运移及其诱发的冻深发展和冻胀变形的变化。经检验,预测曲线与实测曲线基本一致,且满足误差要求,用冻结期土体温度和水分迁移量来预测冻深、冻胀的方法准确可行。     

Reliability analysis method for slope stability based on sample weight

The single safety factor criteria for slope stability evaluation,derived from the rigid limit equilibrium method or finite element method (FEM),may not include some important information,especially for steep slopes with complex geological conditions.This paper presents a new reliability method that uses sample weight analysis.Based on the distribution characteristics of random variables,the minimal sample size of every random variable is extracted according to a small sample t-distribution under a certain expected value,and the weight coefficient of each extracted sample is considered to be its contribution to the random variables.Then,the weight coefficients of the random sample combinations are determined using the Bayes formula,and different sample combinations are taken as the input for slope stability analysis.According to one-to-one mapping between the input sample combination and the output safety coefficient,the reliability index of slope stability can be obtained with the multiplication principle.Slope stability analysis of the left bank of the Baihetan Project is used as an example,and the analysis results show that the present method is reasonable and practicable for the reliability analysis of steep slopes with complex geological conditions.     

Fracture characterization of Carbon fiber-reinforced polymer-concrete bonded interfaces under four-point bending

A combined analytical and experimental approach is presented to characterize both mode-II and mixed mode fracture of Carbon fiber-reinforced polymer-concrete bonded interfaces under four-point bending load, and closed-form solutions of compliance and energy release rate of the mode-II (four-point symmetric end-notched flexure) and mixed (four-point asymmetric end-notched flexure) mode fracture specimens are provided. The transverse shear deformation in each sub-layer of bi-material bonded beams is included by modeling each sub-layer as an individual first order shear deformable beam, and the effect of interface crack tip deformation on the compliance and energy release rate are taken into account by applying the interface deformable bi-layer beam theory (i.e., the flexible joint model). The improved accuracy of the present analytical solutions for both the compliance and energy release rate is illustrated by comparing with the solutions predicted by the conventional rigid joint model and finite element analysis. The fracture of Carbon fiber-reinforced polymer-concrete bonded interface is experimentally evaluated using both the four-point symmetric and asymmetric end-notched flexure specimens, and the corresponding values of critical energy release rates are obtained. Comparisons of the compliance rate-changes and resulting critical energy release rates based on the rigid joint model, the present theoretical model, and numerical finite element analysis demonstrate that the crack tip deformation plays an important role in accurately characterizing the mixed mode fracture toughness of hybrid material bonded interfaces under four-point bending load. The improved solution of energy release rates for the four-point symmetric and asymmetric end-notched flexure specimens by the flexible joint model can be used to effectively characterize hybrid material interface, and the fracture toughness values obtained for the Carbon fiber-reinforced polymer-concrete interface under mode-II and mixed mode loading can be employed to predict the interface fracture load of concrete structures strengthened with composites.     

Analysis of formation fracturing for the Maxi-HDD Qin River crossing project in China

A new irrigation pipeline was installed using the Horizontal Directional Drilling (HDD) method in order to alleviate the water shortage situation in Jiaozuo City, Henan Province, China. This pipe installation project included two parallel HDD crossings, with a pipe diameter of 1016 mm and a driven length of 1750 m for both of them. Based on the preliminary detailed geological survey report of the riverbed, hydro-fracturing control under high slurry pressure would be a big challenge for this project. This paper summarizes the prediction methods for the maximum allowable mud pressure in the borehole based on different mechanisms of formation fracturing. Based on the geological data of this crossing project, the Delft equation and another prediction method based on tensile failure (termed here the Xia method) were used to calculate the maximum allowable annular pressure. The real pumping pressure of this project was recorded by the contractor. By comparing the theoretical predictions of allowable pressure with the actual pressures for the horizontal section of the borehole, it indicated that the Xia method is conservative and the limits of the Delft equation could not be verified in this project. As a solution dealing with potential hydro-fracturing, finite element modeling shown that increasing the ground surface load would rise the borehole allowable pressure at which fracturing would occur. This solution was used to deal with a blow-out in the entry section of one pilot hole on this project. Under the guidance of the theoretical and numerical simulation results, the Qin River crossing project was successfully completed.     

多级串联梯级泵站扬程优化分配研究

为了使梯级泵站群整体以效率最高状态运行,降低输水成本,确定不同工况下梯级泵站群的最优运行调度方案,开展了针对南水北调来水调入密云调蓄工程梯级泵站不同的梯级净扬程组合下的扬程优化分配研究,即当首级泵站进水侧水位和末级泵站出水侧水位(即梯级净扬程)一定时,各级泵站间的扬程分配。在满足各渠段水力联系、各级泵站进、出水侧水位约束等多个条件的前提下,利用动态规划法进行求解,得出各级扬程分配的最优解,使整个梯级输水系统运行效率最高,从而得出梯级泵站系统联合运行扬程优化分配方案。     

Autogenous healing on the recovery of mechanical performance of High Performance Fibre Reinforced Cementitious Composites (HPFRCCs): Part 2 – Correlation between healing of mechanical performance and crack sealing

This paper is the second part of a companion paper study focused on the autogenous self-healing capacity of High Performance Fibre Reinforced Cementitious Composites (HPFRCCs). In part 1 investigation has focused on the capacity of the material to completely or partially re-seal the cracks, as a function of its composition, maximum crack width and exposure conditions. Different flow induced alignment of fibres, with respect to the applied bending stresses have been also considered. The outcomes of the self-healing phenomenon, have been analyzed in terms of recovery of stiffness, strength and ductility, as measured by means of 4-point bending tests, performed before (pre-cracking) and after the conditioning exposure. In a durability-based design framework, self-healing indices quantifying the recovery of mechanical properties were also defined and their significance cross-checked. In this paper the crack closure will be evaluated, both through visual image analysis of the healed cracks as well as through a tailored indirect method, proposed by the first authors in a previous study. This method is based on the comparative analysis of the damage evolution curves built for both the pre-cracked and the healed stages from the evaluation of the flexural stiffness. Recovery of mechanical properties will hence be correlated to the identified amount of crack closure. In the authors' opinion, this step represents a fundamental contribution in order to reliably and consistently incorporate the effects of self-healing into tailored durability-based design approaches, based, e.g., on a “healable” crack width threshold concept.     

基于模糊集对聚类评价模型的云南省区域水资源用水效率评价

为给云南省15个市(州)实施最严格水资源管理提供技术依据,基于模糊集对聚类评价模型,选择了万元GDP用水量等11项指标构建了区域用水效率评价指标体系,确定了评价标准并计算了各个评价指标值及权重,进而构建集对并计算了15个市(州)的联系度,最终从经济、社会、生态三个方面综合评判了各地的水资源用水效率,并与数据包络分析法的计算结果做了比较。结果表明,利用该模型评判的区域水资源用水效率符合当地实际情况,且计算方便,易于操作、评价结果可行、有效。     

T型墩间距对消力池效果影响的试验研究

提出了T型墩消力池阻宽率的概念，通过模型试验对T型墩消力池中T型墩的间距对消力池消能效果进行试验研究，并对T型墩消力池的间距进行优化。推导出含有阻宽率的T型墩消力池的消能率计算式。