遗传算法与投影寻踪模型在湿地水质综合评价中的应用

参考地表水环境质量标准和湖库营养状态评价标准,采用基于遗传算法的投影寻踪模型,计算反映湿地水体质量状况和湿地营养状态的一维投影值,直观地反映湿地水环境质量。将此方法在河北衡水湖湿地进行了实例应用,结果表明,衡水湖湿地2010年水质属于Ⅱ类,处于中度富营养状态。     

论水利水电工程前期勘察设计取费依据

水利水电工程前期勘察设计取费存在执行依据版本多、对取费依据认识模糊、工作深度要求与费用不匹配等问题,并介绍了目前涉及水利水电工程前期勘察设计取费的依据主要内容,结合水利水电工程前期工作内容与特点揭示了问题的主要焦点,阐明水利水电工程前期勘察设计应根据水利水电工程特点取费,不能统一按“1283号文”.在分析了现行前期勘察设计取费主要依据、产生背景,尤其是对“1352号文”进行深入解读后,认为水利水电工程前勘察设计取费应采用“1352号文”作为依据.     

赣江南昌段东西河工程整治前后分流比变化研究

近年来,由于不合理的开发利用,赣江下游的两条支流东、西河的分流比发生了较大变化,对河道防洪、通航和城市取水等产生了影响,为此,规划采用工程措施进行河道治理。为了对工程治理效果进行验证,选用Delft3D软件建立了平面二维水流模拟数学模型,并根据实测水文资料对模型进行了验证,对赣江南昌段工程整治后水位、断面流速分布、东西河分流比进行了模拟分析。结果表明,在枯水和洪水条件下,工程整治对东西河分流比的调控作用不明显,裘家洲切滩后上游水位略有降低,下游水位未受影响,断面流速分布更为均匀,东河疏浚工程有增大其过水能力的趋势。分析结果为工程措施的改进提供了依据。     

FLOW REGIMES BELOW AERATORS FOR DISCHARGE TUNNELS

The flow regimes below an aerator influence directly the air entrainment and the cavitation damage control. Based on the theoretical considerations, the experiments of the aerator for a discharge tunnel were conducted, and the relationships between the flow regime and hydraulic and geometric parameters were investigated. The results showed that, there are two kinds of threshold values for the flow regime conversions. One is1-2Fr standing for the conversion from the fully filled cavity to the partially filledcavity, and the other is2-3Fr which shows the change from the partially filled cavity to the net air cavity. Two empirical expressions were obtained for the conversions of the flow regimes, which can be used in the designs of the aerators.     

HYDRAULIC CHARACTERISTICS OF SLIT-TYPE ENERGY DISSIPA-TERS

Slit-Type Energy Dissipater(STED) has been a kind of important devices for energy dissipation.The flow through the STED is longitudinally extended and the velocity is decreased by means of the cross-section increase of the flow,which is closely related to geometric and hydraulic parameters of the STED.Therefore,it is necessary to investigate and control the hydraulic condi-tions through the STED,including the nappe section form,the conversion condition,and the effect of energy dissipation with the geometric and hydraulic parameters.In the present work,"I-type" and "T-type" nappe forms were experimentally classified,the con-version conditions of the nappe forms were empirically provided,and the effects of geometric parameters of the STED on energy dissipation were roughly analyzed.It is concluded that the contraction angle of the STED is a key factor influencing the hydraulic characteristics of the STED.     

纳子峡面板砂砾石坝渗流性态三维有限元分析

根据纳子峡水电站工程坝址区地形地质条件,建立了坝址区三维渗流有限元模型,计算分析了正常蓄水、设计洪水和校核洪水3种工况下坝体及坝基的稳定渗流场,获得了坝体和坝基的位势分布、坝体各分区的渗透坡降及渗透流量等。计算结果表明,在各种工况下坝体及坝基的渗流场符合一般规律,混凝土面板及防渗帷幕等组成的防渗系统可消减水头84%以上,其作用明显;混凝土面板及坝基防渗帷幕的渗透坡降较大,垫层、砂砾料区等的渗透坡降很小,坝体各分区的渗透坡降均小于材料的容许渗透坡降,大坝防渗排水系统的设计在技术上是合理的。     

Probabilistic analysis of geomembrane puncture from granular material under liquid pressure

A simplified probabilistic analysis of geomembrane punctures from granular material was presented when subjected to liquid pressure. The probability distribution of contact force between geomembrane and granular material was obtained based on the principle of equal probability and assumptions that grains are spheres with constant size. A particle flow code PFC^3D was employed to simulate the contact process which indicates a good agreement with the theoretical probabilistic analysis. The odds of geomembrane puncture from grains of constant size were obtained by evaluating the puncture force which should not exceed the puncture resistance of geomembrane. The effects of grain radius, grain rigidity and liquid pressure were studied in more detail and displayed in graphs. Both high-level of liquid pressure and large grain can result in high risk of geomembrane puncture. The influence of grain rigidity on the geomembrane puncture odds is significant. For granular material with a grain size distribution, the geomembrane puncture odds can be estimated by the grain size distribution, served as weight function and it is a cautious design if the largest grain is chosen as the design grain size.     

基因表达式编程及其在混凝土徐变分析中应用

混凝土徐变分析在混凝土结构应力计算和变形分析中有着重要意义。由于影响混凝土徐变的因素较多,徐变函数呈现高度非线性,传统回归方法难以取得令人满意结果。基因表达式程序设计方法,吸取了遗传算法和基因编程两者的优点,在解决非线性拟合问题方面表现出非凡的数据挖掘能力与优势。在基因表达式编程理论分析基础上,利用该方法建立了混凝土徐变函数知识挖掘模型。实例表明,该模型比常规方法得到的函数有更高的精度。     

青铜峡大坝电站坝段水平位移监测资料分析

基于青铜峡大坝电站5#坝段水平位移监测资料,通过时空分析和在有限元基础上建立的位移混合模型,分析了各个影响因子对电站坝段变形性态的影响.