长棒形悬式瓷绝缘子结构性能及发展趋势

介绍了长棒形悬式瓷绝缘子主要机电性能、技术参数和结构造型等方面的特点,对国内外产品技术标准、结构造型发展变化和使用情况进行了分析。结合我国近年来该产品推广使用情况,分析了今后长棒形悬式瓷绝缘子的发展趋势,指出随着我国超高压输电线路可靠性指标对绝缘子提出更高的技术要求。建议:采用氧化铝配方,进一步增强瓷质机械强度和增加设计裕度;采用半导体釉技术是长棒形瓷绝缘子提高耐污性能、防电晕性能有效的措施;长棒形瓷绝缘子使用均压环和招弧角,有效放电间隙变小,可考虑增加200～400 mm有效的绝缘体长度,同时保证产品互换性;长棒形瓷绝缘子在耐张串使用是按等效爬电比距来确定的,在悬垂串上使用还应根据长串耐雷电冲击特性、耐污秽特性来考虑配备,应不断积累相关试验数据。     

High-Sensitivity Nitride-Based Ultraviolet Photosensors with a Low-Temperature AlGaN Interlayer

Nitride-based ultraviolet (UV) photosensors with a low-temperature (LT) AlGaN interlayer were fabricated and characterized. Material analysis results showed that dark pits corresponding to threading dislocation (TD) terminations were almost invisible after inserting the LT AlGaN interlayer. It was also found that we could significantly suppress the dark leakage current by using the LT AlGaN interlayer owing to TD annihilation and demultiplication processes. For photosensors with the LT AlGaN interlayer, the responsivity at 360 nm and UV-to-visible rejection ratio were found to be 0.12 A/W and 2.45 × 10³, respectively, under 5 V applied bias.     

PVC型材污染变色分析

介绍了PVC型材变色的影响因素,通过X光波长色散谱图分析了PVC型材表面出现变色区域的原因,着重阐述了PVC型材受硫污染而变色的原因。     

Large permittivity,low loss and defect structure in (Nb,Zn) co-doped SnO2 ceramics studied through a combined experimental and DFT calculational method

Dielectric ceramics with high permittivity and low loss are widely used in electronic components and devices. In this study, (Nb, Zn) co-doped Nb_xZn_ySn_1-x-yO₂ with different doping levels and Nb/Zn ratios was designed to tune the defect structure toward the optimal dielectric performance. The lattice parameters firstly increased from x = y = 0.01 to 0.03 and then decreased, while the oxygen vacancy concentration decreased with doping. The co-doped sample with x = y = 0.02 exhibits stable permittivity up to 800 with an ultra-low loss tanδ ∼0.03 at 40 Hz. DFT calculation showed that the oxygen vacancy was formed with single-Zn doping and co-doping at low doping level, while the hole was generated at higher doping level. The achieved large permittivity and low loss of the sample are related to both Electron-Pinned Defect Dipoles (EPDD) and Hole-Pinned Defect Dipoles (HPDD) effects in the lattice, which was determined by the relative positions of donor and acceptor dopants.     

Bonding phase formation in eco-friendly periclase−spinel−Al bricks used in RH degassing process

Mere unburnt periclase–spinel–Al bricks have been accepted by steel mills in the chromium-free campaign of the lining materials for Ruhrstahl ?Heraeus (RH) degassers, in terms of comparable/optimistic performance to traditional material, low carbon emission due to unburnt manufacturing process and chromium-free material for eco-friendly steel-making process. Investigations are made on the used periclase–spinel–Al bricks for the thermal evolution of their components and the formation of novel phase and bonding structure. Under the working atmosphere of RH degasser, metallic Al particles got molten above its melting point, leaving Al rim around their circumference, and AlN formed in the gaseous state dispersing into overall matrix of periclase–spinel–Al bricks with rising temperature. AlN formed and Mg reduced in their gaseous state germinated MgAlON whisker initially in the original space of metallic Al particles, and MgAlON whisker grew further all over the matrix. A whisker-interwoven network has been full of the matrix behind the hot face and toward the cold face of the used bricks, which is a completely novel type of bond and distinguished from traditional ceramic one. The whisker-interwoven network is somewhat like the stripe graphite containing microstructure of magnesia–carbon brick, which results in low wettability and high flexibility. The superior performance of periclase–spinel–Al bricks is attributed to such a bonding structure of whisker-interwoven network, which could reduce slag penetration and facilitate thermomechanical stress resistance.     

In2S3/g-C3N4复合光催化剂的制备及其光催化降解四环素

本文分别采用热缩聚法和水热法合成了g-C₃N₄和In₂S₃,再用简单的机械研磨工艺制备出了In₂S₃/g-C₃N₄复合光催化剂。采用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)和紫外可见漫反射光谱(UV-Vis DRS)对In₂S₃/g-C₃N₄复合光催化剂的晶体结构、形貌、微观结构和光学性质进行了表征,在可见光照射下,通过降解四环素(TC)来评价其光催化活性。结果表明,研磨比例为1∶4(摩尔比)的In₂S₃/g-C₃N₄复合光催化剂表现出最佳的光催化性能,在氙灯下TC的光降解表观速率常数是0.025 1 min^-1,分别是In₂S₃和g-C₃N₄的2.9倍和1.6倍,在自然光下TC的光降解表观速率常数是0.010 4 min^-1,分别是In₂S₃和g-C₃N₄的2.6倍和1.4倍。In₂S₃/g-C₃N₄复合光催化剂优异的光催化性能归功于载流子的高效迁移和分离以及增强的光吸收能力。本研究为设计和开发用于抗生素废水处理的可见光响应光催化剂提供了一条有前景的途径。     

Purification and properties of a low-molecular-weight phytase from Cladosporium sp. FP-1

A fungus producing high levels of phytase was isolated from air and identified as Cladosporium sp. The phytase production was stimulated by phytate in the medium used. The maximum production of phytase (108 U/ml) occurred in a medium containing 1.0 g of phytate per 100 ml. The phytase was purified to electrophoretic homogeneity by ion-exchange chromatography and gel filtration. Based on SDS-PAGE analysis, the molecular weight of the purified phytase was calculated to be approximately 32.6 kDa, and the narrow protein band indicated that this phytase is not glycosylated. The phytase has an optimum pH of 3.5, and an optimum temperature of 40 degrees C. The phytase activity was stimulated by 2-mercaptoethanol and dithiothreitol, and inhibited by Ba2+, Pb2+, iodoacetate, p-chloromercuribenzoate and phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride. The phytase displayed high affinity for phytate and the Km was 15.2+/-3.1 microM. NMR analyses (1D and 2D) indicated that the end hydrolysis product of phytate was myo-inositol 1,2,5-triphosphate.     

Pre-deformation for assembly performance of machine centers

The current research of machine center accuracy in workspace mainly focuses on the poor geometric error subjected to thermal and gravity load while in operation, however, there are little researches focusing on the effect of machine center elastic deformations on workspace volume. Therefore, a method called pre-deformation for assembly performance is presented. This method is technically based on the characteristics of machine tool assembly and collaborative computer-aided engineering （CAE） analysis. The research goal is to enhance assembly performance, including straightness, positioning, and angular errors, to realize the precision of the machine tool design. A vertical machine center is taken as an example to illustrate the proposed method. The concept of travel error is defined to obtain the law of the guide surface. The machine center assembly performance is analyzed under cold condition and thermal balance condition to establish the function of pre-deformation. Then, the guide surface in normal direction is processed with the pre-deformation function, and the machine tool assembly performance is measured using a laser interferometer. The measuring results show that the straightness deviation of the Z component in the Y-direction is 158.9% of the allowable value primarily because of the gravity of the spindle head, and the straightness of the X and Y components is minimal. When the machine tool is processed in pre-deformation, the straightness of the Z axis moving component is reduced to 91.2%. This research proposes a pre-deformation machine center assembly method which has sufficient capacity to improving assembly accuracy of machine centers.     

遗留桩坑对临近复合筒型基础倾斜率的影响

针对某海上风电项目,基于ABAQUS三维数值软件定量分析桩坑与复合筒型基础的距离、桩坑尺寸及深度等参数变化对复合筒型基础结构泥面倾斜率的影响,引入可反映桩坑充盈固结程度的系数γ与切线斜率K。结果表明：随着桩坑尺寸增加,复合筒型基础泥面倾斜率呈非线性增长,且均向桩坑所在方向倾斜;桩坑深度大于复合筒型基础入土深度时,基础倾斜率增长较快;研究表明筒型基础泥面倾斜率对大深度、近距离桩坑内部土体强度尤为敏感,拟通过该文研究为复合筒型基础风电机组安装船舶选型及布置提供理论依据。     

Quantifying helium distribution in dual-ion beam irradiated SiCf/SiC composites by electron energy loss spectroscopy

In this study, we report a method to quantify the helium distribution in the SiC_f/SiC composites, which are used as the first-wall materials of fusion reactor. The helium-bubble formation in Hi-Nicalon Type-S (HNS) was observed in the irradiated SiC_f/SiC composites at a level of 100 dpa and at 800 °C and 1000 °C, respectively. We applied transmission electron microscopy and electron energy loss spectroscopy to investigate the helium-gas-bubbles-formation mechanisms. To simulate the practical first-wall environment of Deuterium–Tritium (D–T) fusion reactor, a dual-ion beam (6 MeV Si³⁺ and 1.13 MeV He⁺) was performed to irradiate the SiC_f/SiC composites. The relationship between the energy shift of He K-edge and the radius of the bubble of the SiC composites was estimated by electron energy loss spectroscopy analysis. The results show that all of the helium atoms irradiated at 1000 °C and formed the bubbles. On the other hand, at 800 °C, only 25.5% of the helium atoms form the helium bubbles. A clear thermal-dependent formation mechanism is found.