Pyrolysis and co-pyrolysis of lignite and plastic

The study firstly discusses the pyrolysis characteristics and kinetics by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and then investigates the pyrolysis of lignite and co-pyrolysis with plastic (polyethylene or polypropylene) in tube furnace. Meanwhile, the research focuses on the co-pyrolysis products under different mixing ratios as well as pyrolysis products at different testing temperatures and heating rates. The results show that higher final testing temperature and lower heating rate contribute to bond fission in lignite pyrolysis, resulting in less char product. In co-pyrolysis, lignite acts as hydrogen donor, and the yields of char and water rise with increasing amount of plastic in the mixture, while the yields of gas and tar decrease; and a little admixture of plastic will promote the production of gas and tar. Kinetic studies indicate that in temperature range of 530–600 °C, activation energies of lignite are higher than those of lignite/plastic blends, and as plastic mass ratio increases from 0% to 10%, samples need less energy to be decomposed during co-pyrolysis.     

Solving the traveling salesman problem using cooperative genetic ant systems

The travelling salesman problem (TSP) is a classic problem of combinatorial optimization and has applications in planning, scheduling, and searching in many scientific and engineering fields. Ant colony optimization (ACO) has been successfully used to solve TSPs and many associated applications in the last two decades. However, ACO has problem in regularly reaching the global optimal solutions for TSPs due to enormity of the search space and numerous local optima within the space. In this paper, we propose a new hybrid algorithm, cooperative genetic ant system (CGAS) to deal with this problem. Unlike other previous studies that regarded GA as a sequential part of the whole searching process and only used the result from GA as the input to subsequent ACO iterations, this new approach combines both GA and ACO together in a cooperative manner to improve the performance of ACO for solving TSPs. The mutual information exchange between ACO and GA in the end of the current iteration ensures the selection of the best solutions for next iteration. This cooperative approach creates a better chance in reaching the global optimal solution because independent running of GA maintains a high level of diversity in next generation of solutions. Compared with results from other GA/ACO algorithms, our simulation shows that CGAS has superior performance over other GA and ACO algorithms for solving TSPs in terms of capability and consistency of achieving the global optimal solution, and quality of average optimal solutions, particularly for small TSPs.     

基于形态学与神经网络的骨髓细胞识别研究

针对骨髓细胞图像的特点，采用数学形态学的方法对图像进行了处理，获得了不同类型细胞核的准确边缘。对于获得的边缘图像，采用两级神经网络，利用基于神经网络的PCA算法获得图象的3个主分量，然后采用模拟退火算法和BP算法进行细胞的分类识别，获得了较好的识别效果。     

氯代二苯并二噁英(PCDDs)的光谱性质的理论研究

用含时密度泛函理论（TDDFT）和差分密度泛函理论（ASCF—DFT）研究了氯代二苯并二嗯英（PCDDs）的紫外可见电子吸收光谱。通过对分子轨道组成成份的详细分析以及电子跃迁过程的模拟，对吸收光谱中的每个峰进行了归属。同时研究了氯取代基对PCDDs吸收光谱的影响，发现随着氯取代基数目的增加，在低能区激发能几乎没有变化，而在较高能区激发能迅速降低，这与TCDD光谱图中第一个峰是氧和碳环之间的电子跃迁相一致。这说明与氯取代基相关的跃迁位于高能区，故用光降解方法试图减少氯取代基数目以降低PCDDs的毒性是不可能有效的。     

基于Haar小波的图像变换方法的研究

系统地介绍了基于快速滤波器组卷积算法的第一代小波和基于提升方案的第二代小波。通过对图像先行后列分离,结合惰性滤波器进行奇偶分割,由欧几里得算法求出预测算子和更新算子,实现了由此提升方案构造的Haar小波1级图像分解。实验结果表明提升方案构造的Haar小波实现起来相当容易,简化了很多复杂的计算过程,其本身的诸多特点更便于在实际中应用,且在变换后的效果上,与第一代基本无差异。     

One- and two-photon absorption properties of a series of derived pyrazolines

The one-photon absorption and two-photon absorption (TPA) properties of a series of pyrazoline derivatives have been theoretically investigated by means of density functional theory and ZINDO-SOS method. On the basis of optimized geometry and UV–vis spectrum, the position and strength of the TPA for molecules are reported. The theoretical findings are consistent with the experimental observations. It is found that a most crucial role in increasing TPA cross-section is played by the conjugated length and the introduction of donors. The calculated maximum TPA cross-section values are in the range of 360–1760 × 10⁻⁵⁰ cm⁴ s/photon. The TPA response will be as another possible application for derived pyrazoline.     

Boundary integral equation method for conductive cracks in two and three-dimensional transversely isotropic piezoelectric media

Using the fundamental solutions and the Somigliana identity of piezoelectric medium, the boundary integral equations are obtained for a conductive planar crack of arbitrary shape in three-dimensional transversely isotropic piezoelectric medium. The singular behaviors near the crack edge are studied by boundary integral equation approach, and the intensity factors are derived in terms of the displacement discontinuity and the electric displacement boundary value sum near the crack edge on crack faces. The boundary integral equations for two dimensional crack problems are deduced as a special case of infinite strip planar crack. Based on the analogy of the obtained boundary integral equations and those for cracks in conventional isotropic elastic material and for contact problem of half-space under the action of a rigid punch, an analysis method is proposed. As an example, the solution to conductive Griffith crack is derived.     

B113-2型高温变换催化剂上反应动力学（Ⅰ）——本征动力学研究

使用活塞流管式积分反应器,采用稳态测定技术,在618～723 K、1.0 MPa压力下,对在国产B113-2型铁铬系高温变换催化剂上变换反应本征动力学数据进行了测试.根据测定得到的数据,对幂函数动力学模型进行了参数估计和检验,得到了高度显著的动力学回归方程.从动力学方程可以得出在高温变换催化剂上变换反应动力学参数基本上与传统铁铬系高温变换催化剂一致,但在该催化剂上CO组分对反应速率的影响程度降低,推测可能是由于该催化剂中Cu组分作用的结果;CO2对变换反应速率的抑制作用较大.因此,为提高变换反应速率,应当设法减小CO2的不利影响;H2组分对反应速率的影响很小,在实际应用过程中,可以忽略.     

含有频变耦合系数的交叉耦合滤波器优化设计

交叉耦合滤波器由于其小体积和高性能等优点被广泛应用于各种微波系统中。但阶数固定的交叉耦合滤波器能够实现有限传输零点的个数受限。针对该问题,给出一种含有频变耦合系数的交叉耦合滤波器快速优化综合技术。含有频变耦合系数的交叉耦合滤波器在阶数相同的情况下能够实现更多的有限传输零点。首先利用全局优化算法遗传算法进行初步搜索,若满足指标则停止;否则将其结果作为局部优化算法Solvopt的初值进行搜索即可获得指定拓扑结构的耦合矩阵。通过3个优化综合实例证明了该方法的有效性。     

A novel coupled biokinetic-equilibrium model to capture oyster metal bioaccumulation in a contaminated estuary (Sydney estuary,Australia)

Enriched concentrations of metal contaminants have been reported in surficial sediments and tissues of aquatic organisms in Sydney estuary, New South Wales, Australia. Dietary ingestion of contaminated, suspended sediments is potentially a major route of metal exposure to the filter-feeder Saccostrea glomerata. A dynamically coupled biokinetic-equilibrium bioaccumulation model was developed to explore sediment-oyster-metal uptake interactions. The biokinetic component simulated the sediment dynamics and oyster uptake and loss kinetics while the ion equilibrium model accounted for the metal speciation reactions. Results of a laboratory-based mesocosm experiment as well as data from the literature were used to parameterise the model. The model demonstrated a good fit of the experimental data and indicated that dissolved and particulate organic matter were important determinants of metal bioavailability to this species. The model served also as a unique tool to formulate testable hypotheses and help to better explain the bioaccumulation patterns observed from the experiment.