Selective adsorption of uranyl ion on ion-imprinted chitosan/PVA cross-linked hydrogel

An interpenetration network (IPN) ion-imprinting hydrogel (IIH) was synthesized using uranyl ions as template for adsorption and removal of uranyl ions from aqueous solutions. The IIH was obtained via cross-linking of blended chitosan/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) using ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether (EGDE). The ability of the IIH to adsorb and remove uranyl ions from aqueous solutions was assessed using a batch adsorption technique. The maximum adsorption capacity was observed in the pH range of 5.0-6.0. The adsorption process could be well described by both the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms and the maximum adsorption capacity calculated from Langmuir equation was 156 mg/g. Equilibrium was achieved within 2 h. The kinetic data, obtained at optimum pH 5.0 could be fitted with to a pseudo-second order equation. The selectivity coefficient of uranyl ion and other metal cations on IIH indicated an overall preference for uranyl ions which was much higher compared with the non-imprinted hydrogel. This suggests that the IIH is a promising sorbent material for the selective removal of uranyl ions from aqueous solutions.     

稀土精矿中钍的提取工艺研究进展

核能开发是我国能源战略和经济发展的重要举措,发展核能离不开核燃料。钍是一种重要的核燃料,在核能开发方面具有广阔的应用前景,能有效解决我国能源紧缺等问题。钍极少以独立矿物赋存,大多与稀土矿物共生。主要对近年来稀土精矿中钍的提取工艺研究进展进行了综述,并对稀土精矿中稀土和钍的综合利用发展提出了相关建议。     

隐马尔可夫模型在环保档案信息抽取中的应用

面对突出的环境问题,亟需有效的方法从环境保护档案中抽取有用的信息用于支持环境保护等宏观决策。以建设项目环境影响报告书为例,研究如何利用隐马尔可夫模型来抽取建设项目的环境影响评价信息。阐明隐马尔可夫模型的原理与应用情况,分析报告书特点并明确应用模型进行报告书文本信息抽取的基本思想,并给出模型建立和应用的方法及具体步骤。通过实例验证得出,利用隐马尔可夫模型抽取环境保护信息能够获得较高的召回率和精确度,整体效果较好。     

On the mechanisms of pressure generation in vented explosions

Experiments conducted in near-cubic enclosures with low failure pressure explosion relief panels have been used to identify the physical mechanisms responsible for the generation of significant pressure peaks during vented explosions. For ignition at the center of a vessel the combustion process was found to give rise to four major pressure peaks, and these peaks have been quantified in terms of those parameters most frequently considered in the design of reliefs for explosion venting. Increasing the failure pressure of relief panels was found to result in two particular peaks becoming the dominant features of observed pressure-time profiles. The implications of all these findings for the design of explosion reliefs in practical situations are discussed.     

Removal of mineral matter from coal by alkali treatment

The removal of mineral matter from coal was attempted by caustic digestion followed by acid washing. A mild treatment at 460 K was found to be sufficient to remove most minerals and yet to avoid any substantial loss of heating value. The reaction products were identified by X-ray diffraction. Mass balance of each element was also clarified. The removal of major components, quartz and kaolinite, was rather easy, whereas the removal of Ca and Fe compounds strongly depended on the type of mineral matter.     

HJ-1星多光谱影像火烧迹地信息提取研究——以百色市为例

为识别火烧迹地等地类,以广西百色市为研究区,采用HJ-1星多光谱影像数据近红外波段光谱值、林火发生前后两时相各自NDVI值以及NDVI变化值,基于先验知识和统计分析构建决策树分类模型,通过与传统最大似然分类提取结果的比较分析,表明基于多特征的决策树模型能够有效地对HJ-1星多光谱遥感数据进行火烧迹地等地类提取,在研究区并具有良好的推广性。     

Fourier-Mellin变换不同时相遥感影像自动配准研究

多时相遥感影像配准是变化检测的关键步骤。由于不同时相的遥感影像差异,且在传感器参数未知情况下,很难完成其自动配准。基于傅里叶-梅林变换（Fourier-Mellin Transform,FMT）影像配准其实就是基于傅里叶变换和对数极变换的全局相位相关。这种方法在进行频域计算时找到了配准的变换参数,并且对噪声和遮挡等很鲁棒。提出了一种基于Fourier-Mellin算法的改进配准方法。Fourier-Mellin变换由于旋转的频谱混叠和旋转变换中插值误差而产生错误。为了得到更好的配准结果,通过加窗和滤波来提高峰值、减少频谱混叠、增加鲁棒性。