An unusual 3D three-fold parallel interpenetrating network self-assembled from the grid-containing 2D layer motifs

The new complex {[Cu(dde)(bpe)] · H₂O}_n (1) (dde = 4,4′-dicarboxydiphenyl ether, bpe = 1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)ethene) has been synthesized and characterized. It exhibits a novel (2D → 3D) three-fold parallel interpenetrating architecture that is obtained for the first time from the self-assembly of grid-containing 2D (4, 4) layer motifs. The fluorescent property of 1 is discussed.     

基于SWMM与NSGA-Ⅱ耦合的城区雨水泵站多目标优化调控

针对城区复杂水系统中雨水泵站的调控系统性弱和优化时效性慢的问题,将SWMM的水量水质过程模拟与NSGA-Ⅱ的快速非支配排序进行深度耦合,从减缓城区内涝、控制面源污染负荷输出与减低耗电量的角度,建立了多线程并行计算和带有决策者偏好的城区雨水泵站多目标优化调控模型。对天津空港经济区的雨水泵站优化调度进行实例研究,结果表明,与常规调度方式相比,在典型设计降水情景下,该优化模型在不显著增加节点积水累计时间的前提下,减少输出了1383.34 kg的污染负荷,节约了621.92 kW·h电能,求解速率可提升至单线程串行计算的4.2倍。该优化方案充分利用了泵站调蓄池的库容缓冲和水质稀释作用,减缓了场次降水对于城区水环境的瞬时冲击影响,降低了运行成本。     

Decreasing trends in total suspended solids and cumulative effects of nonpoint source projects in the Cuyahoga River Watershed,OH

Using the US EPA’s Grants Reporting and Tracking System (GRTS), we test if completion of best management practices (BMPs) through the Clean Water Act Section (4)319 National Nonpoint Source Program was associated with a decreasing trend in total suspended solids (TSS) load (metric tons/year). The study area chosen had 21 completed projects in the Cuyahoga River watershed in northeastern Ohio from 2000 to 2018. The 4319 projects ranged from dam removal, floodplain/wetland restoration to stormwater projects. There was an overall decreasing trend in TSS loads. We identified three phases of project implementation and completion, where phase 1 had ongoing projects, but none completed (2000–2004). The steepest decrease in loads, identified as phase 2 (2005–2011), was associated with completion of low-head dam modification and removal projects on the mainstem of the Cuyahoga River. A likely decreasing trend was associated with projects completed in the tributaries, such as natural channel design restoration and stormwater green infrastructure (phase 3). Pairing sediment reduction estimates from projects with the river’s flow normalized TSS loading trend, we estimated that the 4319 effort may account for a small fraction of the TSS load reduction. Other stream restoration projects (non-4319) have also been done in the Cuyahoga watershed by other organizations. However, trying to compile these other projects is challenging in larger watersheds having multiple municipalities, agencies, and nonprofits doing restoration without better coordinated record keeping and monitoring. While a decreasing trend in a pollutant load is a desirable water quality outcome, determining what contributed to that trend remains difficult.     

Trace element loads in the Great Lakes Basin: A reconnaissance

Water quality data for trace elements in the Great Lakes are relatively scarce, complicating the assessment of current trace element baselines and their distribution patterns. Here, we present concentration data for >40 major and trace elements in >100 samples from the Great Lakes connecting channels, surface waters, precipitation and select Canadian tributaries, to establish a high-level assessment of loading rates across the basin. Contrasting upstream-to-downstream trends were observed for the investigated trace elements, ranging from net-decreasing (>5-fold for e.g., Co, Tl, Y) to net-increasing surface water concentrations (>2-fold for e.g., Sb, U, As). Calculated loading rates reveal different, element-specific controls of runoff, connecting channel loads or precipitation on trace element occurrence. Lake-wide elemental mass-balances could be reasonably closed for conservative trace elements (e.g., Li, <53% residual) but not for others (e.g., rare earth elements with up to 5-fold discrepancies), reflective of general data scarcity and uncertainty in loading rates. In line with major water quality trends, spatial distribution patterns in Lakes Erie and Ontario display subtle near-shore to off-shore heterogeneity for a few trace elements (<1 order-of-magnitude for V or Se), but higher variability for trace elements with significant inputs derived from tributaries. This work provides important quantitative baseline data for trace elements in the Great Lakes that may help optimize surveillance and management strategies for the preservation of Great Lakes water quality.     

A novel deep learning prediction model for concrete dam displacements using interpretable mixed attention mechanism

Dam displacements can effectively reflect its operational status, and thus establishing a reliable displacement prediction model is important for dam health monitoring. The majority of the existing data-driven models, however, focus on static regression relationships, which cannot capture the long-term temporal dependencies and adaptively select the most relevant influencing factors to perform predictions. Moreover, the emerging modeling tools such as machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) are mostly black-box models, which makes their physical interpretation challenging and greatly limits their practical engineering applications. To address these issues, this paper proposes an interpretable mixed attention mechanism long short-term memory (MAM-LSTM) model based on an encoder-decoder architecture, which is formulated in two stages. In the encoder stage, a factor attention mechanism is developed to adaptively select the highly influential factors at each time step by referring to the previous hidden state. In the decoder stage, a temporal attention mechanism is introduced to properly extract the key time segments by identifying the relevant hidden states across all the time steps. For interpretation purpose, our emphasis is placed on the quantification and visualization of factor and temporal attention weights. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed model is verified using monitoring data collected from a real-world dam, where its accuracy is compared to a classical statistical model, conventional ML models, and homogeneous DL models. The comparison demonstrates that the MAM-LSTM model outperforms the other models in most cases. Furthermore, the interpretation of global attention weights confirms the physical rationality of our attention-based model. This work addresses the research gap in interpretable artificial intelligence for dam displacement prediction and delivers a model with both high-accuracy and interpretability.     

Advancing Africa’s Great Lakes research and academic potential: Answering the call for harmonized,long-term,collaborative networks and partnerships

The African Great Lakes (AGL) have rich fisheries and are renowned “biodiversity hotspots”. Consequently the AGL and the ecosystem services they provide, underpin the welfare and livelihoods of over 50 million people across 10 countries. Despite the recognized importance of the AGL, these vital ecosystems and their livelihood support systems are threatened by numerous anthropogenic stressors at local, regional, and global scales. Past and continued efforts to address critical challenges on these lakes are often short-term, parochial, disparate, and uncoordinated resulting in a lack of comprehensive and comparable scientific data and inadequate resources to influence evidence-based policy. Over the past two decades, several international workshops, conferences and scientific publications have identified the need for collaboration, knowledge sharing, and harmonization of research and management as key elements to enhance conservation efforts in the AGL. In this commentary, we introduce the African Center for Aquatic Research and Education (ACARE), which aims to strengthen research and provide the scientific evidence needed to make informed decisions related to sustainable fisheries and aquatic resource management in the AGL. To do this, ACARE will administer a highly collaborative network of experts with three long-term goals: (1) strengthen global and regional research partnerships; (2) establish transboundary and inter-jurisdictional lake advisory groups; and (3) build capacity of freshwater scientists through experiential education and public engagement.     

Variability of sedimentary phosphorus fractions in the western and Sandusky basins of Lake Erie

Surface sediments and three sediment cores from the western basin and one sediment core from the Sandusky basin were analyzed to document spatial and temporal changes in five phosphorus fractions and total phosphorus (TP). The areal distributions of the bioavailable fractions NaCl-Pi, NaBD-Pi, and NaOH-Pi and the refractory organic fraction Res-P were broadly consistent and contrasted with those of the detrital fraction HCl-Pi which showed that high concentrations occurred mostly in high-energy littoral zones and low concentrations largely in profundal depositional areas. The contrasting distributions were induced by interactions among tributary inputs, wave action, circulation, and biogeochemical cycling and transfer in the basin. As revealed by the Sandusky basin sediment record, the detrital fraction HCl-Pi was dominant (70% of TP) during European settlement and decreased rapidly by 28.0% in the early 1910s due largely to impoundments of the Maumee and Sandusky Rivers. While HCl-Pi has ever since remained relatively constant, NaCl-Pi, NaBD-Pi, and NaOH-Pi increased significantly between 1950 and 1970 in the two basins. However, the post-regulation sediment records differed considerably among these coring sites. There was a marked increase of TP in two cores, corresponding to recent return of eutrophication and massive harmful algal blooms but contrasting with a relatively constant, low loading into the lake. This signified the role of internal loading as derived partialy from legacy pollution. Furthermore, NaCl-Pi has increased progressively throughout all the records. We conclude that the increased levels of NaCl-Pi in surface sediments may have altered the internal loading and contributed to the resurgences of harmful algal blooms in Lake Erie.     

金沙江下游梯级水库汛期分期及汛限水位合理性研究

汛期分期以及分期汛限水位的合理确定,能够较好地协调水库防洪效益与发电效益之间的矛盾,对充分发挥水库的防洪、发电能力,以及提高汛期洪水资源利用率具有重要意义。基于改进的模糊集分析方法并依据金沙江下游乌东德、白鹤滩、溪洛渡、向家坝4个梯级水库入库洪水对其汛期进行分期,通过隶属度与防洪库容的映射关系确定梯级水库分期汛限水位,提出利用跨期选样法对分期结果及汛限水位进行修正。研究结果表明:金沙江下游梯级水库前汛期为6月1日—7月14日,主汛期为7月15日—9月16日,后汛期为9月17日—10月24日,4个梯级水库合理汛限水位分别为962,800,575,374 m。通过不同典型洪水放大的洪水过程检验了分期汛限水位的合理性。研究得到的金沙江下游梯级分期结果及各库分期汛限水位,均能够在满足防洪安全的前提下提高水库发电等经济效益,在一定程度上提高了汛期洪水资源的利用率。     

水质条件对厌氧氨氧化颗粒污泥EPS含量的影响

为研究水质条件对厌氧氨氧化颗粒污泥EPS含量的影响,采用16个SBR反应器研究同周期内基质利用阶段与基质匮乏阶段EPS含量的变化以及总氮质量浓度、IC/TN、COD/TN对于厌氧氨氧化颗粒污泥EPS含量的影响.结果表明,同周期内,基质利用阶段的EPS含量不断升高,基质匮乏阶段EPS含量不断降低;总氮质量浓度为35~280 mg/L时,提高总氮质量浓度可以提高EPS的含量,总氮质量浓度280 mg/L时EPS含量有所减少;IC/TN为0.01~0.2时,EPS及其各组分含量随无机碳质量浓度的升高而增加,IC/TN0.2时,无机碳质量浓度对于EPS及其各组分含量无明显影响;COD/TN0.5时,有机物对于EPS含量具有促进作用,COD/TN0.5时,有机物的提高对于EPS含量有抑制作用.在厌氧氨氧化颗粒污泥工艺的实际运行过程中,应避免过长的基质利用阶段与基质匮乏阶段,总氮质量浓度应保持在150~210 mg/L,无机碳质量浓度应保持在IC/TN为0.1~0.2,有机物质量浓度应保持在COD/TN0.5.     

给水球墨铸铁管腐蚀特性及腐蚀对水质的影响

为研究给水球墨铸铁管腐蚀特性及腐蚀对水质的影响,以球墨铸铁管为主体制作三电极反应体系,以微生物为控制变量利用电化学工作站测定球墨铸铁管电化学腐蚀参数,同时分析腐蚀体系内水体水质变化.结果表明:非灭菌组自腐蚀电位66 d均值-0.515 V,自腐蚀电流密度均值7.61×10-4m A/cm~2,期间水质迅速变差,总铁质量浓度3 d后超标,色度和浊度最终分别达72、115 NTU.灭菌组自腐蚀电位66 d均值-0.471 V,自腐蚀电流密度均值5.26×10-4m A/cm~2,腐蚀强度较灭菌组稍缓,但水体最终变成"黄水".没有或失去防腐涂层而暴露于水体中的给水球墨铸铁管初期极易发生以电化学腐蚀为主的综合性腐蚀,严重影响水质.