后热处理对新型马氏体耐热钢焊缝性能的影响

针对电力施工过程中对具有冷裂倾向的马氏体型耐热钢焊后后热处理时机选择与标准存在差异，即是否必要在冷却至100-120℃恒温一段时间后再进行后热处理的问题，安排了一系列的试验对后热处理的最佳时机予以讨论，对热处理后的焊缝组织进行力学性能试验和金相分析，对冲击后的试样进行了断口分析。试验证明，后热处理时机的不同对马氏体耐热钢焊缝冲击韧度有比较大的影响，马氏体耐热钢的后热处理应在马氏体转变完全后开始较为合适。     

Negative effect of [bmim][PF6] on the catalytic activity of alcohol dehydrogenase: mechanism and prevention

BACKGROUND: [bmim][PF₆] is a hydrophobic ionic liquid which could be considered as an environmentally friendly solvent for biocatalysis. In pure [bmim][PF₆], however, alcohol dehydrogenase from yeast (YADH) has no catalytic activity. The aim of the present work was (1) to quantitatively study the negative effect of [bmim][PF₆] on the catalytic activity of YADH and the related mechanism and (2) to made an attempt to lessen the negative effect of [bmim][PF₆] on YADH by microemulsifying [bmim][PF₆]. RESULTS: The activity of YADH in the homogeneous solution formed by H₂O, CH₃CH₂OH and [bmim][PF₆] decreased rapidly with the increase of the molar fraction of [bmim][PF₆]. The inhibitory effect of [bmim][PF₆] on YADH was probably caused by the competition of the imidazole group of [bmim][PF₆] with the coenzyme NAD⁺ for the binding sites on YADH. In a water‐in‐[bmim][PF₆] microemulsion, YADH was catalytically active due to the formation of the interfacial membrane of the nonionic surfactant TritonX‐100, which separated YADH from [bmim][PF₆] and avoided the direct inactivation of [bmim][PF₆] on YADH. Under optimal conditions, the activity of YADH was as high as 51 µmol L^?1 min^?1. CONCLUSION: [bmim][PF₆] was an inhibitor of YADH and its negative effect on YADH could be lessened by its microemulsification. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry     

Synthesis and two-photon absorption property of new π-conjugated dendritic fluorophores containing styrylpyridyl moieties

Four new multi-branched two-photon absorption chromophores, namely 1-(4-bromobenzal)-3,5-bis(4-((E)-2-(pyridin-4-yl)vinyl)phenyl)benzene (4), tris(4-((E)-2-(pyridin-4-yl)vinyl)phenyl)-benzene (5), 6-chloro-N²,N⁴-bis(4-((E)-2-(pyridin-4-yl)vinyl)phenyl)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine (6), tris-[4-(2-pyridin-4-yl-vinyl)-phenyl]-amine (7), have been synthesized and characterized. One-photon fluorescence, fluorescent quantum yields and two-photon fluorescence have been investigated. The experimental two-photon absorption cross-sections of 4–7 in DMF are 6, 11, 13 GM (pumped by 740 nm laser) and 19 GM (pumped by 800 nm laser), respectively. The calculated two-photon absorption cross-sections of 4–7 are 5.41, 7.67, 9.57 and 76.14 GM, respectively. The two-photon induced fluorescent peak wavelengths of 4–7 in DMF are 421, 425, 474 and 534 nm pumped by 680, 680, 740 and 800 nm laser, respectively. The results show that molecule 7 is a good two-photon absorption fluorophore possessing long two-photon fluorescent lifetime, good fluorescent quantum yield and large two-photon absorption cross-section. The two-photon absorption peak wavelength of molecule 7 is at 800 nm, which is favourable for initiating two-photon photopolymerization.     

Input-output finite-time stability of time-varying linear singular systems

This paper studies the input-output finite-time stabilization problem for time-varying linear singular systems. The output and the input refer to the controlled output and the disturbance input,respectively.Two classes of disturbance inputs are considered,which belong to L-two and L-infinity.Sufficient conditions are firstly provided which guarantee the input-output finite-time stability.Based on this,state feedback controllers are designed such that the resultant closed-loop systems are input-output finite-time stable.The conditions are presented in terms of differential linear matrix inequalities.Finally,an example is presented to show the validity of the proposed results.     

基于游程编码思想的条码定位与识别方法

在复杂背景中的定位条码是图像式条码识别系统中的一个关键步骤,如何在复杂的背景中快速、白动地检测出条形码是该文的主要研究内容。首先介绍了条型码的编码结构,然后提出了一种基于游程编码思想的条码定位与识别方法,最后通过给出相关实验结果,验证了该算法的可行性和实用性。     

基于时序特征的黄河三角洲土地覆盖动态及驱动力分析

综合不同土地利用类型的Landsat影像时序特征和面向对象分割方法,分析1985-2018年现代黄河三角洲土地覆盖时空特征,探讨土地覆盖变化的驱动机制。结果表明:1985-2018年间研究区天然湿地面积大幅减少,共减少9.9847×104 hm²,其中沼泽和草甸湿地面积减少尤为明显,而人工湿地面积则逐年增加,年平均增加率达54.66%,主要是盐田养殖场和水稻种植面积的增大;社会经济因素对研究区土地覆盖的影响程度高于水文因素;输沙量是影响研究区土地覆盖变化的主要水文因素,实测径流量的减少进一步导致天然湿地向旱地类型转化;人口和GDP变化对人工湿地面积增加的正相关作用比较显著,而天然湿地面积的减少则与该两个指标的负相关关系比较明显。     

一种高效挖掘冠心病医案关联规则的仿真研究

研究中医冠心病医案,高效挖掘有益信息规则问题,由于中医医案数据量大、关联性强,针对传统的关联规则挖掘算法处理中医医案数据时存在效率低、收敛速度慢及漏报规则等问题,提出一种小生境技术和基因表达式编程相结合的挖掘关联规则的方法。通过惩罚函数设置支持度阈值,利用小生境技术执行小生境演化、融合算法,结合基因表达式编程算法操作简单、鲁棒性强的优势搜索强关联规则,有效避免了算法早熟,解决了规则冗余。针对治疗冠心病的中医医案进行了验证性实验,实验结果表明,改进算法在提取有效信息的效率上有较大的提高,挖掘结果对冠心病中医临床诊治具有一定的参考价值。     

原发性高血压病靶器官损害的预测仿真研究

研究原发性高血压病靶器官损害准确预测问题,由于原发性高血压病靶器官损害的影响因子之间存在着高度冗余和非线性,导致传统方法预测准确率低,为提高预测精度,构建了一种改进的基因表达式编程算法的原发性高血压病靶器官损害预测模型,首先设计了适合靶器官损害预测的适应度函数,然后为克服早熟现象提出了以平均适应度形式自适应的改变重组算子概率和变异算子概率,通过数据训练得到靶器官损害的2年预测模型。采用对山东中医药大学第二附属医院原发性高血压病历史数据进行验证性仿真,结果表明,方法的预测精度更高,在原发性高血压病靶器官损害的预测中有着广泛的应用前景。     

隐伏溶洞对隧道围岩稳定性影响规律及处治技术

以鄂西山区隧道工程实例为依托,在溶洞调查与统计分析的基础上,从岩溶的溶洞体积、形态特征、溶腔充填物特征以及涌水通道类型等方面,对鄂西山区岩溶进行分类,得到鄂西山区岩溶发育特征,即溶腔体积不等、形态多样、溶腔充填物种类多、涌水通道复杂。采用数值模拟方法,分析不同位置的隐伏溶洞对隧道围岩的应力场、位移场影响情况,得出随隐伏岩溶位置变化,围岩应力分布有所不同;溶洞位置由隧道顶部向隧道底部变化过程中,隧道顶部围岩最大沉降由大到小依次为拱肩延长线、边墙一侧、拱脚延长线、拱顶上方、底板下方;随着溶洞位置的降低,隧道拱顶围岩水平最大收敛值由大到小依次为拱肩延长线、拱顶上方、边墙一侧、底板下方、拱脚延长线;随着溶洞位置的降低,隧道周边围岩沉降量由大到小均为拱顶、拱腰、拱脚、底板。基于岩溶类型特征、数值模拟围岩应力场、位移变化情况结果,提出岩溶区隧道揭露溶洞处治原则。以花果山隧道为例,开展溶洞处治原则与方法应用,提出针对性的处治方案。