Heavy metal ions retention by bi-functionalized lignin: Synthesis,applications, and adsorption mechanisms

Bi-functionalized lignin with amino and sulfonic groups (ASL) was synthesized via Mannich reaction and sulfomethylation. It was systematically characterized by FT-IR, element analysis, surface charge and XPS. Effects of initial pH, contact time and initial metal ion concentration on the adsorption of Cu(II) and Pb(II) onto ALS were studied. Results indicated that the biosorbent showed excellent performance for metals even from low pH solutions. The adsorption kinetics and isotherms could be described well with Pseudo-second-order and D–R model, respectively. Further investigation of the metal-loaded ASL by FT-IR and XPS elucidated the amino and sulfonic groups reacted with metals in different way.     

玛纳斯河流域水质变化趋势分析

在玛纳斯河流域1991~2000年实测水质监测资料的基础上,选择肯斯瓦特断面、红山嘴断面以及蘑菇湖水库、大泉沟水库为代表性站点,采用季节性肯德尔(Kendall)检验方法进行玛纳斯河流域地表水水质变化趋势分析。结果表明:对地表水污染源必须进行有机污染物和含氮有机物的总量控制;对蘑菇湖水库水质管理应加强污染负荷消减力度,进行污染物总量控制;对大泉沟水库应该首先考虑控制挥发酚浓度。     

Spectroscopic studies of CSA-doped poly[C-hydroxyl-(4-N-dimethylamino)phenyl]dithienylmethine and doping effects on ionic conductivity

Protonation of poly[C-hydroxyl-(4-N-dimethylamino)phenyl]dithienylmethine with (1S)-(+)-10-camphorsulfonic acid (CSA) induced a structural change on the pendant group of the polymer and resulted in the formation of a cationic quinoid iminium moiety. This chemical transformation changed the polymer from a non-conducting polymer into a semi-conducting polymer with the maximum ionic conductivity of 2 × 10⁻⁴ S cm⁻¹ at 10 mol% CSA-doping level. The polydithienylmethines doped with various CSA loadings were characterized by UV–vis-NIR, FT-IR and Raman spectroscopy. An ion-hopping mechanism was suggested as the conduction mechanism for this CSA-doped polymer.     

检测仪器及消解方式对罗布麻微量元素检测效果的影响

目的 探索罗布麻微量元素适宜的检测条件。方法 以新疆产罗布麻和白麻叶及其制品罗布麻茶为实验材料, 比较了电感耦合等离子体质谱法(inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, ICP-MS)和电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法(inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry, ICP-AES)2种仪器对其Li、B、Cr、Fe、Mn、Cu、Zn、Se和Sr 9种微量元素的检测效果, 同时对比了3种不同的湿法消解方式对检测结果的影响。结果 采用不同酸解液的3种湿法消解方法, 硝酸/过氧化氢消解液处理条件较温和, 元素损失量较少, 检测结果稍高于浓硝酸/高氯酸消解液处理的结果, 但所耗消解时间更长。对于易挥发元素Se, 选用酸性和氧化性较弱的硝酸/过氧化氢消解液更适宜。在本试验条件下, 罗布麻体内的Li和Cr 2种微量元素不宜采用ICP-AES仪器检测, 可选用ICP-MS, 而对于难电离元素Se则正好相反。结论 检测罗布麻微量元素含量时, 应根据待检测元素类型特征, 选择适宜的检测仪器。     

准东地区不同区域土壤重金属关联性分析及空间分布

本文以准东地区的五彩湾、荒漠带和将军庙区域为研究靶区,运用多元统计分析及空间分析法,对准东地区的五彩湾、荒漠带和将军庙区域之间的土壤重金属进行关联分析及空间分布。结果表明:Hg、As元素在这三个区域变幅较小,土壤重金属含量较为集中,相比之下Cu、Cr、Pb和Zn元素变幅较大。由主成分分析得,这三个区域均提取了四个主成分;Hg、As、Cu、Cr、Pb和Zn元素是影响五彩湾与荒漠带区域土壤重金属含量的主要因素;As、Cu、Cr和Pb元素是影响将军庙区域土壤重金属含量的主要因素。通过对不同区域的土壤重金属相关性分析得,五彩湾区域土壤Zn元素与将军庙区域土壤Zn元素呈显著性负相关,其中相关系数为-0.753,荒漠带区域Cr元素与将军庙区域的Hg、Cr元素均呈显著性正相关,其相关系数分别为0.776、0.751,显著性水平相关p0.01,荒漠带区域的Cu元素与将军庙的Pb元素具有显著性正相关,相关系数为0.792。进而对显著性相关的元素进行拟合可知,将军庙区域的Hg元素与荒漠带地区的Cr元素三次拟合关系最好,相关系数R~2=0.9491。各元素空间插值明显,高值区域主要分布在五彩湾和将军庙区域。     

The statistical power and biological information of two Daphnia juvenile production test designs

This paper examines the statistical power for two designs of Daphnia chronic toxicity test, one (the “old” OECD method) using four groups of 10 animals at each treatment, the other (the “new” OECD method) using 10 individually housed animals at each treatment. Both use reproduction as the end point. It was demonstrated during a pilot ring test of the new method, run concurrently with the old method, that their statistical powers were similar. The old method had a power for detecting a 20% real difference of 0.97, while the power of the new method was 0.90. These findings are reported, together with observations on the quality of data that may be obtained using the different test designs. It is suggested that the new design may be of use in investigating toxicological modes of action, in view of the improved data capture that it allows.