顶管施工的三维数值模拟及钢管壁厚的优化

目前对顶管施工中钢管的稳定性及管材壁厚的合理选择问题研究的较少.以某发电厂的引水钢管设计施工为工程背景,根据地质勘察资料和施工步骤,运用有限元软件建立了顶管施工的三维数值模型.通过数值模拟可以得到不同壁厚的钢管在施工过程中的内力与变形,但无法直接对壁厚进行优化选择.引入相关规范中的计算方法,可以得到不同壁厚下钢管维持稳定的临界压力.将临界压力同数值计算得到的钢管受力情况进行比较,可以得到合理壁厚的数值.通过对不同壁厚、不同管侧土模量下的分析计算,本工程引水钢管的壁厚可由初始设计的34 mm减小至22 mm.     

某现浇空心板工程质量问题的处理方法

某工程中现浇空心板出现了质量问题,局部拆模时发现由于施工操作不当使得现浇空心板底无混凝土,钢筋裸露,因此需要时其进行加固.对加固工程设计了创新性的双向拱结构加固方案.在板内部双向每隔一定距离浇筑方形混凝土墩台,使得相邻墩台和墩台间上部混凝土组成拱结构承受压力,下部原受拉钢筋承担拉力.预应力钢绞线承担混凝土墩台的自重同时形成空腹式预应力空心板.给出了加固方案的基本流程和计算过程.此加固方案很好地解决了实际工程质量问题,避免了因拆除重建引起的工程造价方面的浪费.     

碎砖类骨料再生混凝土的力学性能研究

在碎砖骨料再生混凝土配合比设计的基础上,设计并完成了192块碎砖骨料再生混凝土立方体试块抗压强度与抗折强度试验,研究表明再生混凝土力学性能与碎砖骨料掺量、粉煤灰掺量有很大关系。并利用回归分析得出,混凝土抗折强度与抗压强度的平方根呈良好的线性关系。     

论建筑与环境的和谐共生

通过大量的调研数据对比,详细研究了苏州青少年活动中心的建筑节能工艺,分析了其设计中体现的节能、技术与形式等,研究了其对环境保护所带来的积极有益的启示,探究了现代材料、节能技术等在建筑设计中的价值,以寻求人、建筑、环境三者之间的和谐共生。     

Identification of Autophagy in the Pine Wood Nematode Bursaphelenchus xylophilus and the Molecular Characterization and Functional Analysis of Two Novel Autophagy-Related Genes,BxATG1 and BxATG8

The pine wood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, causes huge economic losses in pine forests, has a complex life cycle, and shows the remarkable ability to survive under unfavorable and changing environmental conditions. This ability may be related to autophagy, which is still poorly understood in B. xylophilus and no autophagy-related genes have been previously characterized. In this study, transmission electron microscopy was used to confirm that autophagy exists in B. xylophilus. The full-length cDNAs of BxATG1 and BxATG8 were first cloned from B. xylophilus, and BxATG1 and BxATG8 were characterized using bioinformatics methods. The expression pattern of the autophagy marker BxATG8 was investigated using in situ hybridization (ISH). BxATG8 was expressed in esophageal gland and hypodermal seam cells. We tested the effects of RNA interference (RNAi) on BxATG1 and BxATG8. The results revealed that BxATG1 and BxATG8 were likely associated with propagation of nematodes on fungal mats. This study confirmed the molecular characterization and functions of BxATG1 and BxATG8 in B. xylophilus and provided fundamental information between autophagy and B. xylophilus.     

Effects of heat treatment on the mechanical properties at elevated temperatures of plain-woven SiC/SiC composites

The effects of heat treatment on the mechanical properties of plain-woven SiC/SiC composites at 927 °C and 1200 °C in argon were evaluated through tensile tests at room temperature and at elevated temperature on the as-received and heat-treated plain-woven SiC/SiC composites, respectively. Heat treatment can improve the mechanical properties of composites at room temperature due to the release of thermal residual stress. Although heat treatment can damage the fiber, the effect of this damage on the mechanical properties of composites is generally less than the effect of thermal residual stress. Heat treatment will graphitize the pyrolytic carbon interface and reduce its shear strength. Testing temperature will affect the expansion or contraction of the components in the composites, thereby changing the stress state of the components. This study can provide guidance for the optimization of processing of ceramic matrix composites and the structural design in high-temperature environments.     

Low dielectric loss ceramics in the Mg4Nb2O9-ZnAl2O4-TiO2 ternary system

This study used a traditional solid-state reaction method to prepare a series of composite ceramics in the 0.7Mg₄Nb₂O₉-(0.3-x)ZnAl₂O₄-xTiO₂ ternary system. Crystalline phases and microstructure of Mg₄Nb₂O₉-ZnAl₂O₄-TiO₂ dielectric ceramic composites were investigated and correlated with the relevant dielectric properties. It was observed that the addition of Ti⁴⁺ substituted Nb⁵⁺ in the Mg₄Nb₂O₉ structure, which promoted the decomposition of Mg₄Nb₂O₉ to form the second phase, Mg₅Nb₄O₁₅, during sintering. The synergistic effect of ZnAl₂O₄-TiO₂ co-doping promoted the Mg₄Nb₂O₉ ceramic densification. The sample (0.7Mg₄Nb₂O₉-(0.3-x)ZnAl₂O₄-xTiO₂) with x = 0.15?0.2 exhibited dielectric constants of 13–14, larger than those of ZnAl₂O₄, Mg₄Nb₂O₉ and Mg₅Nb₄O₁₅, due to the NbO₆ octahedra distortion resulting from the substitution of Al³⁺/Ti⁴⁺ for Nb⁵⁺ in Mg₄Nb₂O₉ and Mg₅Nb₄O₁₅. The long-range order of the NbO₆ octahedra was enhanced by co-doping ZnAl₂O₄ and TiO₂, thereby enhancing the Qxf value. A dielectric constant of 13.1, Qxf value of 366,000 GHz and a τ_f of ?60.8 ppm/°C were obtained from 1300 °C sintered 0.7Mg₄Nb₂O₉-0.15ZnAl₂O₄-0.15TiO₂. These results show that 0.7Mg₄Nb₂O₉-0.15 ZnAl₂O₄-0.15TiO₂ ceramic is a good candidate for microwave electronic device applications.     

不同产地烟草精油的提取及化学组成分析

选取四川、贵州和福建三地烟草为原料,用水中蒸馏法提取烟草精油。采用气相色谱-质谱联用(GC-MS)仪对不同产地烟草精油的组成及含量进行分析,比较了不同产地对产物产率及组成的影响。研究结果表明:产自福建、四川和贵州的烟草平均得率分别为0.1391%、0.0851%和0.1075%,相应的新植二烯分别为39.86%、36.12%和44.88%。对比分析显示:产自福建的烟草得油率最高,特征香气适中;产自贵州的烟草精油得油率适中,烟草香气突出,有明显甘草香气;产自四川的烟草精油得油率较低,香气较弱。     

酚醛树脂胶粘剂研究进展

酚醛树脂胶粘剂具有优良的耐水性、耐热性、耐候性,粘接强度高及化学稳定性好等优点而被用于诸多领域。但是其还存在固化温度高、热压时间长、易透胶、有甲醛释放、原料成本高且不可再生等缺点。综述了快速固化和低游离甲醛含量酚醛胶粘剂,三聚氰胺、尿素、木质素、生物质焦油以及其他改性酚醛树脂胶粘剂,并对其存在问题和发展前景作了分析和展望。     

杨木无催化甘油法制浆工艺及其性能的研究

研究了杨木无催化甘油法制浆的主要因素对成浆状况的影响规律,同时对无催化甘油法制浆的打浆性能和成纸性能进行了初步评价,比较了无催化甘油法制浆和盘磨机械浆（RMP）性能的主要差异。结果表明：杨木无催化甘油法制浆的最佳工艺条件为反应温度210℃、反应时间60min和反应液比1：8,在此条件下浆料的粗浆得率为75．9％,细浆得率为71．4％：该方法制得浆料初始打浆度为11°SR,对应的纸张裂断长1．34km,抗张指数13．10N·m／g,耐破指数1．28kpa·m2／g,松厚度2．15cm3／g以及白度12．46％ISO;杨木无催化甘油法制得浆料比杨木RMP更易打浆,成纸的裂断长和抗张强度远高于杨木RMP,但其松厚度略低于杨木RMP。通过实验得出杨木无催化甘油法制浆具有工艺简单、得率高、易打浆及强度高等优点。