Chinese red pepper (Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim.) leaf extract as natural antioxidants in salted silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) in dorsal and ventral muscles during processing

Chinese red pepper (Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim.) leaf (ZML) extract contains high amounts of phenolic compounds possessing high total antioxidant capacity and hydroxyl, 1, 1-dipheny-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging activity. ZML extract was investigated as a natural antioxidant for the lipid stability of salted silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) throughout salting and drying. Both dorsal and ventral muscles were examined for differences in moisture content, salt content, total lipid content, and degree of lipid oxidation. The hexanal content, Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) value, and lipoxygenase (LOX) activity in the ventral muscle were significantly higher than those of the dorsal muscle (p < 0.05). In the treatments with ZML extract, the hexanal content, the TBARS value, and the LOX activity were significantly lower (p < 0.05) during processing both in the dorsal and ventral muscles. The sensory qualities of processed salted fish could be improved with the amount of 0.030% extract in the dorsal muscle and 0.045% extract in the ventral muscle. These results showed that ZML extract can be a source of natural antioxidants and used as a food additive.     

顶管施工的三维数值模拟及钢管壁厚的优化

目前对顶管施工中钢管的稳定性及管材壁厚的合理选择问题研究的较少.以某发电厂的引水钢管设计施工为工程背景,根据地质勘察资料和施工步骤,运用有限元软件建立了顶管施工的三维数值模型.通过数值模拟可以得到不同壁厚的钢管在施工过程中的内力与变形,但无法直接对壁厚进行优化选择.引入相关规范中的计算方法,可以得到不同壁厚下钢管维持稳定的临界压力.将临界压力同数值计算得到的钢管受力情况进行比较,可以得到合理壁厚的数值.通过对不同壁厚、不同管侧土模量下的分析计算,本工程引水钢管的壁厚可由初始设计的34 mm减小至22 mm.     

碎砖类骨料再生混凝土的力学性能研究

在碎砖骨料再生混凝土配合比设计的基础上,设计并完成了192块碎砖骨料再生混凝土立方体试块抗压强度与抗折强度试验,研究表明再生混凝土力学性能与碎砖骨料掺量、粉煤灰掺量有很大关系。并利用回归分析得出,混凝土抗折强度与抗压强度的平方根呈良好的线性关系。     

以介孔TiO_2膜为过渡层在玻璃基底上制备Cu_3(BTC)_2连续膜

通过在玻璃基底上预先制备一层介孔TiO_2膜作为过渡层用于制备完整的Cu_3(BTC)_2(BTC:1,3,5-苯三甲酸)连续膜。场发射(FESEM)图像显示由此制得的Cu_3(BTC)_2膜在TiO_2/玻璃基底上是致密且连续,膜厚度为200 nm左右。相比之下,Cu_3(BTC)_2晶粒在空白玻璃基底上较难成核并生长,不能形成连续膜,而在无孔TiO_2/玻璃基底上,Cu_3(BTC)_2晶粒与在介孔TiO_2/玻璃基底上一样能够形成典型的八面体Cu_3(BTC)_2但不能形成连续膜。由于介孔TiO_2膜过渡层的存在,Cu_3(BTC)_2晶粒可以与基底结合紧密,经30 min超声波测试后,在介孔TiO_2/玻璃基底上的Cu_3(BTC)_2膜仍然能保持连续且完整形貌,而在空白玻璃基底上的Cu_3(BTC)_2晶粒完全脱落。推断介孔TiO_2的表面性质有利于Cu_3(BTC)_2晶粒的成核,而介孔TiO_2膜的多孔结构可以促进Cu_3(BTC)_2晶粒形成连续的薄膜:介孔TiO_2膜过渡层在Cu_3(BTC)_2膜与玻璃基底间扮演了类似桥梁的重要角色。     

Identification of Autophagy in the Pine Wood Nematode Bursaphelenchus xylophilus and the Molecular Characterization and Functional Analysis of Two Novel Autophagy-Related Genes,BxATG1 and BxATG8

The pine wood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, causes huge economic losses in pine forests, has a complex life cycle, and shows the remarkable ability to survive under unfavorable and changing environmental conditions. This ability may be related to autophagy, which is still poorly understood in B. xylophilus and no autophagy-related genes have been previously characterized. In this study, transmission electron microscopy was used to confirm that autophagy exists in B. xylophilus. The full-length cDNAs of BxATG1 and BxATG8 were first cloned from B. xylophilus, and BxATG1 and BxATG8 were characterized using bioinformatics methods. The expression pattern of the autophagy marker BxATG8 was investigated using in situ hybridization (ISH). BxATG8 was expressed in esophageal gland and hypodermal seam cells. We tested the effects of RNA interference (RNAi) on BxATG1 and BxATG8. The results revealed that BxATG1 and BxATG8 were likely associated with propagation of nematodes on fungal mats. This study confirmed the molecular characterization and functions of BxATG1 and BxATG8 in B. xylophilus and provided fundamental information between autophagy and B. xylophilus.     

Effects of heat treatment on the mechanical properties at elevated temperatures of plain-woven SiC/SiC composites

The effects of heat treatment on the mechanical properties of plain-woven SiC/SiC composites at 927 °C and 1200 °C in argon were evaluated through tensile tests at room temperature and at elevated temperature on the as-received and heat-treated plain-woven SiC/SiC composites, respectively. Heat treatment can improve the mechanical properties of composites at room temperature due to the release of thermal residual stress. Although heat treatment can damage the fiber, the effect of this damage on the mechanical properties of composites is generally less than the effect of thermal residual stress. Heat treatment will graphitize the pyrolytic carbon interface and reduce its shear strength. Testing temperature will affect the expansion or contraction of the components in the composites, thereby changing the stress state of the components. This study can provide guidance for the optimization of processing of ceramic matrix composites and the structural design in high-temperature environments.     

Low dielectric loss ceramics in the Mg4Nb2O9-ZnAl2O4-TiO2 ternary system

This study used a traditional solid-state reaction method to prepare a series of composite ceramics in the 0.7Mg₄Nb₂O₉-(0.3-x)ZnAl₂O₄-xTiO₂ ternary system. Crystalline phases and microstructure of Mg₄Nb₂O₉-ZnAl₂O₄-TiO₂ dielectric ceramic composites were investigated and correlated with the relevant dielectric properties. It was observed that the addition of Ti⁴⁺ substituted Nb⁵⁺ in the Mg₄Nb₂O₉ structure, which promoted the decomposition of Mg₄Nb₂O₉ to form the second phase, Mg₅Nb₄O₁₅, during sintering. The synergistic effect of ZnAl₂O₄-TiO₂ co-doping promoted the Mg₄Nb₂O₉ ceramic densification. The sample (0.7Mg₄Nb₂O₉-(0.3-x)ZnAl₂O₄-xTiO₂) with x = 0.15?0.2 exhibited dielectric constants of 13–14, larger than those of ZnAl₂O₄, Mg₄Nb₂O₉ and Mg₅Nb₄O₁₅, due to the NbO₆ octahedra distortion resulting from the substitution of Al³⁺/Ti⁴⁺ for Nb⁵⁺ in Mg₄Nb₂O₉ and Mg₅Nb₄O₁₅. The long-range order of the NbO₆ octahedra was enhanced by co-doping ZnAl₂O₄ and TiO₂, thereby enhancing the Qxf value. A dielectric constant of 13.1, Qxf value of 366,000 GHz and a τ_f of ?60.8 ppm/°C were obtained from 1300 °C sintered 0.7Mg₄Nb₂O₉-0.15ZnAl₂O₄-0.15TiO₂. These results show that 0.7Mg₄Nb₂O₉-0.15 ZnAl₂O₄-0.15TiO₂ ceramic is a good candidate for microwave electronic device applications.     

木质纤维素复合生物质薄膜材料的功能化应用研究进展

为了解决传统石油基高分子薄膜不可降解等问题,纤维素、淀粉、壳聚糖等生物质薄膜材料因其具有绿色可降解性等优点而备受关注并展现出良好的发展前景。但生物质薄膜往往存在强度低、耐水性差等问题,限制了其进一步发展及功能化应用。本文综述了以木质纤维素作为添加剂增强生物质薄膜的力学强度、防水性、紫外屏蔽等性能的研究进展,重点探讨了不同结构性质的木质素和不同尺度的微纳米木质纤维素对生物质薄膜性能的影响,并进一步综述了木质纤维素复合生物质薄膜材料在包装材料、电极材料以及催化材料领域中的功能化应用研究进展。分析并展望了木质纤维素复合生物质薄膜在制备及功能化方面的优势、不足以及发展方向,以期为采用木质纤维素改良生物质薄膜的研究提供借鉴。     

不同产地烟草精油的提取及化学组成分析

选取四川、贵州和福建三地烟草为原料,用水中蒸馏法提取烟草精油。采用气相色谱-质谱联用(GC-MS)仪对不同产地烟草精油的组成及含量进行分析,比较了不同产地对产物产率及组成的影响。研究结果表明:产自福建、四川和贵州的烟草平均得率分别为0.1391%、0.0851%和0.1075%,相应的新植二烯分别为39.86%、36.12%和44.88%。对比分析显示:产自福建的烟草得油率最高,特征香气适中;产自贵州的烟草精油得油率适中,烟草香气突出,有明显甘草香气;产自四川的烟草精油得油率较低,香气较弱。     

林业资源热解气化供热发电产业发展趋势与战略对策

生物质热解气化供热发电是林业资源加工剩余物高效综合利用产业。我国林业加工废弃物可利用量约为2.1亿吨/年,利用可再生林业资源供热和发电,有助于改善我国能源结构,增强能源安全保障,提升我国节能减排水平,推动社会主义新农村建设,促进林业可持续发展。针对目前林业资源气化供热发电产业发展过程中普遍存在的原料收储运存在瓶颈、生产过程自动化和智能化水平不高、标准化生产技术不成熟、高值化和综合利用技术缺乏等问题,建议加强林业特色资源林基地建设、创新分布式产业发展模式、突破卡脖子技术难题、严格市场准入审批、加强政府管理和行业规范、加大政策扶持力度,力争建立原料供应稳定、高品质燃气绿色制造和生物炭高效应用的一体化产业体系,到2035年气化产业年利用林业剩余物超过500万吨标准煤,总产值达100亿元/年。