凝胶法制备纳米氧化锌颗粒及其光谱分析

就尝试利用溶胶-凝胶法制备纳米氧化锌颗粒,并且运用各种表征技术和测试手段(扫描电镜(SEM)及X射线衍射技术(XRD))对所制备的纳米材料进行了表征、分析和性能研究,主要得出以下结论:(1)验证纳米氧化锌是纤锌矿结构,以六边形貌存在。(2)观察到氧化锌的光谱图与已知的氧化锌的光谱图一致。并且看出不同烧结温度对它的光谱有一定的影响。(3)氧化锌在不同波长的激发下所得到的光谱与现有理论保持一致,这也再一次验证了理论的正确性。     

基于物理的波浪实时模拟方法

为解决广域范围内波浪状态的实时计算和可视化问题,结合无粘滞流体力学的物理模型,提出了一种以三角形为控制单元的有限体积简化算法。该算法的优点在于：以不规则边界区域的非规则三角网格为基础,通过简化通量向量分裂方法获得三角形控制单元的边界数值通量,能快速逼近二维浅水方程的解进而模拟非规则边界浅水的实时流动。实验结果显示,所提方法能在符合现实世界物理规律的前提下较好地实现大规模波浪的实时可视化模拟。     

An unusual 3D three-fold parallel interpenetrating network self-assembled from the grid-containing 2D layer motifs

The new complex {[Cu(dde)(bpe)] · H₂O}_n (1) (dde = 4,4′-dicarboxydiphenyl ether, bpe = 1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)ethene) has been synthesized and characterized. It exhibits a novel (2D → 3D) three-fold parallel interpenetrating architecture that is obtained for the first time from the self-assembly of grid-containing 2D (4, 4) layer motifs. The fluorescent property of 1 is discussed.     

基于季节长记忆双自回归模型的日径流模拟

传统时间序列模型无法同时考虑径流序列的长记忆性和时变波动性,且模型参数限制严格,从而使日径流序列模拟受到限制,影响径流模拟预测精度。本文提出了同时考虑非平稳性、季节性、长记忆性和时变波动性的新型双自回归模型(WOA-SFIDAR),并与经典长记忆波动率模型(SFIAR-GARCH)进行对比,选取渭河流域4个水文站日径流序列进行模拟验证。结果表明：WOA-SFIDAR模型的模拟能力优于SFIAR-GARCH模型,模拟结果很好地保持了日径流过程的统计特性。7、8月份模拟均值误差相对较大,WOA-SFIDAR模型的误差范围(5.72～32.56)低于SFIAR-GARCH模型(7.42～48.02)。WOA-SFIDAR模拟逐月变差系数(C_v)和偏态系数(C_s)与实测序列统计值间偏差范围为0～0.51和0.02～1.31,优于SFIAR-GARCH模型(0.02～0.56和0.06～1.52);模拟结果能够保持日径流序列自相关系数(ACF)的变化趋势,且随滞时的增加,实测序列与模拟序列的ACF差距减小。文中模型扩展了水文随机模拟方法,可为日径流模拟...     

A novel deep learning prediction model for concrete dam displacements using interpretable mixed attention mechanism

Dam displacements can effectively reflect its operational status, and thus establishing a reliable displacement prediction model is important for dam health monitoring. The majority of the existing data-driven models, however, focus on static regression relationships, which cannot capture the long-term temporal dependencies and adaptively select the most relevant influencing factors to perform predictions. Moreover, the emerging modeling tools such as machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) are mostly black-box models, which makes their physical interpretation challenging and greatly limits their practical engineering applications. To address these issues, this paper proposes an interpretable mixed attention mechanism long short-term memory (MAM-LSTM) model based on an encoder-decoder architecture, which is formulated in two stages. In the encoder stage, a factor attention mechanism is developed to adaptively select the highly influential factors at each time step by referring to the previous hidden state. In the decoder stage, a temporal attention mechanism is introduced to properly extract the key time segments by identifying the relevant hidden states across all the time steps. For interpretation purpose, our emphasis is placed on the quantification and visualization of factor and temporal attention weights. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed model is verified using monitoring data collected from a real-world dam, where its accuracy is compared to a classical statistical model, conventional ML models, and homogeneous DL models. The comparison demonstrates that the MAM-LSTM model outperforms the other models in most cases. Furthermore, the interpretation of global attention weights confirms the physical rationality of our attention-based model. This work addresses the research gap in interpretable artificial intelligence for dam displacement prediction and delivers a model with both high-accuracy and interpretability.     

A Hybrid Model Based on Variational Mode Decomposition and Gradient Boosting Regression Tree for Monthly Runoff Forecasting

Water Resources Management - Accurate and reliable monthly runoff forecasting is of great significance for water resource optimization and management. A neoteric hybrid model based on variational...     

考虑接触行为的U型渠道冻胀数值模拟

U型衬砌渠道具有良好的整体性和冻胀适应性,但在冬季仍极易因土体冻胀而导致破坏。考虑渠基冻土与衬砌接触面冻结的非线性特性和冻土、混凝土材料的塑性特征,建立能分析渠道基土与衬砌间挤压、脱开及滑移等接触力学行为的渠道冻胀破坏热力耦合数值模型。以宝鸡峡灌区塬下北干渠为原型渠道,按照模型是否考虑接触分别进行冻胀数值模拟,并对模拟结果进行对比分析。结果表明:考虑接触的模型模拟结果与原型实测值更相符,更能合理地解释U型渠道冻胀在渠底与阴坡衔接处冻胀量最小;考虑接触的混凝土塑性应变最大值是不考虑接触时的3.76倍;考虑接触的法向冻胀力和切向冻结力更均匀,最大值均减少1.5~3.0倍,应力集中现象减弱,更能反映混凝土衬砌板与渠基土之间的滑移变形与破坏准则的相互作用。研究结果为U型衬砌渠道冻胀破坏规律提供了分析方法。     

婺源县城区防洪治理工程设计

针对婺源县城区防洪体系中防洪堤未封闭、涝区无挡洪排涝设施、防洪堤防洪标准偏低、无法抵御20年一遇洪水等问题,结合现有防洪提现状、防护对象等因素,设计采取有针对性的新建土堤、新建防洪墙和干砌石护岸等为一体的防护加固方案.经抗滑和抗倾覆稳定、渗流稳定和结构应力等分析,计算结果表明:防护加固建筑结构整体稳定性、抗渗性和应力指标均符合规范要求,防洪加固方案具有较好的技术和经济效益.     

海绵城市生物滞留设施关键技术研究进展

海绵城市生物滞留设施是适用于分散式雨水处理与利用的代表性生态技术,但目前仍旧存在一些问题制约其运行效率及寿命。综述了海绵城市建设中生物滞留设施关键技术及国内外研究进展,指出高效净化能力填料的研制、污染物迁移转化模型的建立及设计参数的优化、有机微污染物累积风险评价及修复技术的构建等将成为海绵城市生物滞留设施未来的研究热点。     

老鹳草化学成分研究(Ⅱ)

研究老鹳草(Geranium wilfordii Maxim.)全草的化学成分.采用硅胶柱层析、Sephadex LH-20柱层析,结合重结晶等方法分离纯品化合物,并通过化合物的理化性质和波谱数据鉴定其化学结构.在原来分离的基础上又分离鉴定了4个化合物,分别为琥珀酸(7)、山奈酚(8)、胡萝卜苷(9)、山奈酚-3,7-O-α-L-鼠李糖苷(10),其中化合物7,9,10为首次从该种植物中分离得到,为太白山老鹳草的进一步开发利用提供依据.