墩头超长实用堰泄洪安全分析及模型试验验证——以缅甸DAPEIN(Ⅰ)水电站工程为例

以缅甸DAPEIN(Ⅰ)水电站工程为例,论述了将WES实用堰的闸墩墩头向上游超长延伸之后,对泄洪安全所造成的影响。针对WES实用堰流量系数、堰面动水压力容易受边界因子影响的特点,对设计断面的堰顶布置和墩头形状进行了优化。根据堰面空化数计算公式及水流特性推导出计算的关键部位,对空化数进行计算。采用几何比尺为1∶60的物理模型对溢流堰的泄流能力和堰面动水压力进行了试验测试。试验结果表明:溢流堰的模型试验泄流能力和设计泄流能力非常相近。堰面动水压力除工况2的B4测点出现了-1.2 k Pa的微小负压值外,其余堰面时均压强值均大于0。从而,在泄流能力和堰面动水压力两方面都验证了这种设计方案的合理性。该工程所遇到的结构布置问题在中低溢流坝工程中属常见问题,解决思路可为今后类似工程建设借鉴参考。     

“十一五”我国石油替代和再生能源部分产品发展分析

能源多元化对保障国家能源安全,紧跟世界能源发展趋势,及时转变能源发展战略的意义重大。分类讨论替代燃料,分析其发展态势和需要的支撑条件。     

An intelligent negotiator agent design for bilateral contracts of electrical energy

In this paper, an intelligent agent (using the Fuzzy SARSA learning approach) is proposed to negotiate for bilateral contracts (BC) of electrical energy in Block Forward Markets (BFM or similar market environments). In the BFM energy markets, the buyers (or loads) and the sellers (or generators) submit their bids and offers on a daily basis. The loads and generators could employ intelligent software agents to trade energy in BC markets on their behalves. Since each agent attempts to choose the best bid/offer in the market, conflict of interests might happen. In this work, the trading of energy in BC markets is modeled and solved using Game Theory and Reinforcement Learning (RL) approaches. The Stackelberg equation concept is used for the match making among load and generator agents. Then to overcome the negotiation limited time problems (it is assumed that a limited time is given to each generator–load pairs to negotiate and make an agreement), a Fuzzy SARSA Learning (FSL) method is used. The fuzzy feature of FSL helps the agent cope with continuous characteristics of the environment and also prevents it from the curse of dimensionality. The performance of the FSL (compared to other well-known traditional negotiation techniques, such as time-dependent and imitative techniques) is illustrated through simulation studies. The case study simulation results show that the FSL based agent could achieve more profits compared to the agents using other reviewed techniques in the BC energy market.     

水利血防工程中生态抑螺护岸设计与应用初探

传统的水利血防工程采用硬质护岸形式,极大程度地影响了河道生物多样性。依托某水利血防工程,在对河道附近水位站潮位资料统计排频的基础上,给出了常规硬质护岸的设计方案。结合植物抑螺理念,设计出一种生态型的抑螺护岸。并将不同抑螺植物组合设置成三个生态抑螺护岸试验段。通过现场调查比较,硬质护岸和生态抑螺护岸都能起到灭螺效果,相对于硬质护岸河流景观单一化,生态抑螺护岸更贴近自然,三个生态护岸试验区中,以密毛酸模叶蓼为挺水植物,以益母草为草本植物的实验段植物存活率更高。     

基于GF_1卫星的丹江口水库水面面积-蓄水量-水位相关性研究

基于GF_1卫星16m分辨率多光谱遥感数据及水文观测数据,通过计算NDWI水体指数来提取丹江口水库水面面积,并研究水面面积、水位与蓄水量三者之间的相关性,实现动态分析水库蓄水量变化情况,以期为"南水北调"提供决策支撑。研究发现:(1)南水北调中线首个调度年前后丹江口水库水面面积-水位,水位-蓄水量以及水面面积-蓄水量之间均为显著相关关系,且三对变量依次呈现明显的1次、2次、3次曲线关系,拟合曲线方程的决定系数分别达到0.976、0.999和0.980,因此可以根据其中一个已知变量预测其他两个未知量;(2)水面面积自2014年10月5日至2016年5月5日最大变化幅度相差180km~2,是影响周边环境变化的重要因素;(3)同时蓄水量在首个调度年内,于2014年11月初达到最大值204.10亿m~3,可调水量在16.53~78.93亿m~3范围内浮动,且年内整体变化平缓稳定,保证了2015调度年内南水北调中线工程的供水需求。     

溪源泄洪洞出口处闽江设计水位分析研究

溪源泄洪洞出口位于闽江之上,为分析泄洪洞出口处的设计水位,采用设计流量和水位流量关系推求法及实测水位资料推求法两种方法对工程设计水位进行计算,经过合理性分析,工程所在地近年水位变化剧烈,采用设计流量和水位流量关系推求法更符合现状情况,为工程建设提供可靠的设计成果。     

基于鲁棒性的钢铁信息化项目计划模型与算法

为了在钢铁信息化项目计划执行过程中优化资源配置,提高进度控制能力,提出了基于鲁棒性的信息化项目计划方法。分析了钢铁信息化项目管理的特点、影响计划鲁棒性的主要因素;在此基础上,综合考虑资源、工期等约束条件,以最大化项目计划鲁棒性为优化目标,建立数学模型;针对模型特点,提出钢铁信息化项目计划的粒子群优化算法,依据变量和约束设计了粒子编码矩阵和初始解,通过粒子位置更新和解修复方法逐步迭代出满意解。通过仿真实验验证了模型与算法的可行性和有效性。     

两级定位-路径问题的变邻域人工蜂群算法

建立了两级定位-路径问题的数学模型,提出了一种求解该问题的人工蜂群算法。针对该算法容易出现早熟现象,将近年来国外出现的一种新颖的轨迹式启发式算法--变邻域搜索融入其中,由此提出三种变邻域搜索策略。基于不同变邻域搜索策略的人工蜂群算法和人工鱼群算法的求解效果进行对比仿真。实验结果表明,变邻域人工蜂群算法能有效求解两级定位-路径问题。     

Evaluation of wastewater reclamation processes in a high-tech industrial park

The objectives of this research were to evaluate two different processes using for wastewater reclamation in a hightech industrial park area in Taiwan. The major units of the first AC-RO-IE system included sand filter, an activated carbon (AC) bed, microfiltration module, a reverse osmosis (RO) membrane and ionic-exchange (IE) columns. The second DAF-AC-RO system was comprised of coagulation/flocculation, dissolved air flotation (DAF), an activated carbon bed, microfiltration module and reverse osmosis membrane units. This study was carried out at a pilot-scale plant in situ that operated for approximately 1 year. According to the long-term experimental results, both the AC-RO-IE and the DAF-AC-RO processes illustrated excellent performances on inorganic and organic contaminant removal. Comparing the removal efficiency of the filtration-AC units in the AC-RO-IE system with the coagulation-DAF-AC units in the DAF-AC-RO system, the removal efficiency of TDS, SiO₂ and COD increased by 19.8%, 70.1% and 44.4% in the latter system, respectively. In addition, the combination of PAC-coagulation and DAF units could improve hardness removal, modify the form of dissolved silica, and reduce the SDI and MFI values. It showed good potential as a pretreatment unit in wastewater reclamation processes. Therefore, based on the reclaimed wastewater quality and process operational stability, the DAF-AC-RO system was suggested as a potential process for further application.     

Predicting external sulphur requirement of alfalfa from sulphate sorption isotherm of Tanzanian soils

For Tanzanian soils dominant in hydrous oxides of iron and amorphous ferri-alumino silicate, a 48-hour (hr) mixing period with the sulphate (SO₄) solution was adequate for a near-equilibrium condition. Although differing in their SO₄ sorption capacity, all the soils sorbed SO₄ at or beyond 1µg ml^–1 sulphur (S) concentration in the supernatant. Hydroxyl (OH) ions were displaced during SO₄ sorption as indicated by a significant positive correlation between the amount of sorbed SO₄ and the difference in pH values determined in 0.1N K₂ SO₄ and 0.1N KCl, i.e. the dpH values.In a greenhouse experiment, alfalfa was grown on eight soils at six adjusted S concentrations. Sulphur deficiency symptoms appeared in the control pots of those soils which were low in native sorbed SO₄, SO₄ sorption capacity and initial soil solution S concentration. Sulphur fertilization increased dry matter (DM) yield as well as response to applied S. The external S concentration, i.e. adjusted S concentration required for 95% of the maximum DM yield, ranged from 0.8 to 8.2µg S ml^–1 with values less than 2.0 on most of the soils. The external S concentration decreased hyperbolically as the SO₄ sorption capacity of the soils increased. The total amount of fertilizer S required to obtain the external S concentration in solution, and at the same time satisfy the SO₄ sorption capacity of the soil at the external S concentration (determined from the sorption isotherm) was defined as the external S requirement for the specified yield level of alfalfa. The external S requirement for 95% of the maximum yield of alfalfa varied from soil to soil due to differences in their capacity and intensity for S nutrition.Part of a thesis by the senior author for the MSc (Agric) degree of the University of Dar es Salaam