西三洼洪水演进数值模拟及洪水风险分析

为模拟西三洼蓄滞洪区洪水演进,对其洪水风险进行分析,以一、二维非恒定流控制方程为基本理论,采用有限体积法,结合西三洼地形资料及大清河流域水文资料,建立一、二维耦合的洪水演进数学模型。采用63·8洪水实测资料对模型进行验证,结果基本吻合。对不同工况及重现期下的设计洪水进行洪水演进模拟计算并绘制洪水风险图。研究表明:该模型可模拟西三洼蓄滞洪区各分洪口门开扒时间、各时刻淹没面积、淹没水深及滞洪量等水情信息及其变化过程;规划情况(增加安全区)的滞洪总量大于现状情况滞洪总量;发生百年一遇洪水时,西三洼蓄滞洪区77%地区都遭受洪水侵害,其中57%区域为危险区,11%区域为重灾区,5%区域为中灾区。研究成果可为防汛部门制定科学合理的防洪减灾规划提供参考依据。     

基于熵权法的模糊物元模型在山洪防御能力评估中的应用

针对我国山洪灾害评估工作的需求,运用信息熵与模糊物元理论开展区域山洪防御能力评估研究。遴选山洪防御能力中关于风险性、基础应灾能力、监测预警能力和群测群防能力的16项指标构建评估体系,引用熵权法计算指标权重,采用模糊物元方法建立山洪防御能力评估模型。以历史灾情为基础验证资料,分析风险层指标的模型输出结果,后推广至山洪防御能力综合评估中,并与层次分析法评估结果进行对比。结果表明:德宏州各县域的山洪防御能力由高到低的排序为瑞丽市、陇川县、梁河县、盈江县、芒市,其中仅芒市山洪防御能力等级为低等水平,其余县域为中等水平,并与层次分析法评估结果一致。该模型计算简单、结果合理,实用性较强,适用于多因子评估问题。研究成果为我国山洪防御能力评估提供了新方法。     

小直径附加圆柱对圆柱涡激振动抑制的参数优化

采用基于迭代嵌入式浸入边界法对后方对称布置两个小直径圆柱的单圆柱涡激振动进行了数值模拟研究,对涡激振动抑制进行了参数优化。雷诺数和圆柱直径比分别为Re=100和d/D=0.125,其中D和d分别为大、小圆柱直径。通过改变控制角度(θ)、主圆柱与小圆柱的间隙比(G/D)、小圆柱旋转角速度和旋转方向(α)和阻尼比(ζ)确定的最优控制参数组合为θ=25°、G/D=0.125、α=-2.2和ζ=1.02。小圆柱的旋转角速度和旋转方向对圆柱振幅有一定的影响,其中内向反转会进一步抑制圆柱的振动,外向反转则恰好相反。随着阻尼比的增加,圆柱振幅先增后减,但影响程度较小。     

张紧器系统对顶张式立管固有频率的影响研究

采用Euler-Bernoulli梁模型建立立管的水平运动控制方程,并应用Galerkin方法化简求得立管的固有频率。考虑平台的升沉运动,对比了推导的张紧器详细模型和工程常用的简化模型下立管的固有频率。最后基于推导的详细模型,研究了张紧器结构参数对立管固有频率的影响。结果表明:立管固有频率受浮体升沉运动的影响,浮体升沉运动会改变立管的共振特性,引起立管共振点的迁移和转变;采用不同张紧器模型,立管固有频率存在差异,且该差异随着固有频率阶次的增大而增大;立管固有频率受张紧器结构参数的影响,在实际工程中应合理选择张紧器的参数大小,以避免发生参激共振和涡激共振。     

An optimized combination prediction model for concrete dam deformation considering quantitative evaluation and hysteresis correction

Certain degree of deformation is natural while dam operates and evolves. Due to the impact of internal and external environment, dam deformation is highly nonlinear by nature. For dam safety, it is of great significance to analyze timely deformation monitoring data and be able to predict reliably deformation. A comprehensive review of existing deformation prediction models reveals two issues that deserves further attention: (1) each environmental influencing factor contributes differently to deformation, and (2) deformation lags behind environmental factors (e.g., water level and air temperature). In response, this study presents a combination deformation prediction model considering both quantitative evaluation of influencing factors and hysteresis correction in order to further improve estimation accuracy. In this study, the complex relationship in deformation prediction is effectively captured through support vector machine (SVM) modeling. Furthermore, a modified fruit fly optimization algorithm (MFOA) is presented for SVM hyper-parameter optimization. Also, a synthetic evaluation method and a hysteresis quantification algorithm are introduced to further enhance the MFOA-SVM-based model in regards to contribution quantification and phase correction respectively. The accuracy and validity of the proposed model is evaluated in a concrete dam case, where its performance is compared with other existing models. The simulated results indicated that the proposed nonlinear MFOA-SVM model considering both quantitative evaluation and hysteresis correction, abbreviated as SEV-MFOA-SVM, is more accurate and robust than conventional models. This novel model also provides an alternative method for predicting and analyzing dam deformation and evolution behavior of other similar hydraulic structures.     

不同VC值下基于压实功的RCC碾压参数控制标准确定方法

碾压混凝土(RCC)的压实质量主要由VC值及各施工碾压参数(碾压机静压力、激振力、行驶速度、碾压遍数等)控制。若对单个碾压参数分别加以控制,不但会增加控制难度,而且由于现场施工情况的多变性,不易保证压实质量。本文基于压实功这一综合反映施工碾压参数的指标,利用自主研制的多参数可调式RCC碾压模拟试验装置,开展了不同VC值下RCC碾压试验,分别建立了考虑VC值的改进单位体积压实功与RCC本体压实密度、改进单位面积压实功与层面抗剪强度比的关系模型,进而提出了基于压实功的不同VC值下碾压参数控制标准的确定方法。结果表明:所建立的关系模型相关性良好,利用提出方法确定的碾压遍数标准与实际施工基本一致,从而可为应对现场VC值变化情况下的RCC碾压参数的动态调整提供依据和途径。     

地震波斜入射下混凝土重力坝的塑性损伤响应分析

我国西南强震区建设有大量混凝土坝,复杂地形条件下地震波入射角度对混凝土坝动力响应影响较大,然而,目前相关研究以线弹性模型为主,在合理考虑坝体的真实破坏状态方面存在局限性。本文以Koyna混凝土重力坝为研究对象,建立三维非线性有限元分析模型,采用了基于黏弹性边界的地震波动输入方法,结合塑性损伤模型分别分析了地震P波和SV波斜入射下坝体的动力响应,并提出地震破坏评价模型对震后坝体损伤进行评估。研究表明,地震波入射角度及波型对坝体动力响应影响较大,P波入射下位移应力和损伤在60°时达到最大,SV波入射下在0°时达到最大,证明了考虑地震波入射角的必要性;采用塑性损伤本构结合损伤评价指标合理地反映了坝体破坏程度,并针对薄弱地区提出抗震设计改进。因此,在同类型工程的安全评价中应该综合考虑地震波斜入射和筑坝材料的非线性特征。     

空间差异性下沥青混凝土心墙坝应力与变形的随机有限元分析

以往沥青混凝土心墙坝有限元分析通常采用筑坝材料的设计值进行计算,但实际施工质量的不确定性,使得筑坝材料在空间上表现出差异性。在考虑坝体与覆盖层材料空间差异性的情况下,提出了基于随机有限元沥青混凝土心墙坝应力、变形不确定性的分析方法。利用蒙特卡罗方法,得到了沥青混凝土心墙坝应力、变形的分布规律,并与设计工况下的有限元结果对比,确定考虑空间差异性对坝体与心墙应力、变形的影响以及应力、变形的超标概率。经分析发现:采用确定性的分析方法会有50%的可能性低估坝体最大沉降;43%的可能性低估坝体大主应力最大值;空间差异性下心墙不同位置处的沉降均有50%的超标概率,并且其下部的主应力超标概率会更大。分析成果可为大坝安全分析与设计优化提供依据,也为大坝的精细有限元分析提供了新的途径。     

Topology optimization of pressure structures based on regional contour tracking technology

This article presents a new computational approach to solve the design-dependent loading problem in topology optimization of pressure structures. A simple algorithm based on digital image processing and regional contour tracking technology is proposed that generates the appropriate loading surface during the topology evolution. First, the topological layout produced during the optimization process is transformed into a compact image. Then, the regional contour tracking technology is used to represent the boundary of objects and extract pressure loading elements. At last, the pressures are transferred directly to corresponding element nodes. Due to the semi-automatically determined endpoints of the loading boundaries, the current scheme can deal with structures loaded by pressure from outside the domain, as well as pressure completely contained within the domain. Also, the calculation of the load sensitivities can be avoided in the current scheme. As a simple alternative computational strategy for compliance topology optimization of pressure structures, the current scheme is stable, flexible and efficient. Representative numerical examples are presented to show the validity and advantages of the proposed scheme. Especially, the design of closed containers and storage tanks indicates that it works well for the topology optimization of pressure structures.