Effect of water content on the mechanical properties of an artificial porous rock

Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment - Water content significantly affects the mechanical properties of porous rocks, for which both clay content and rock microstructure have been...     

海上浮式水平轴风力机气动特性研究

以NREL-5MW风力机为研究对象,基于叶素动量理论,考虑动态失速、风剪切及塔影效应等气动修正模型,开发Matlab非定常气动载荷计算程序,研究浮式水平轴风力机气动特性.结果表明:为保证风力机气动载荷模拟的正确性,气动修正模型必不可少;基础运动对风力机气动性能有显著影响,基础运动使风力机输出功率增大,但同时存在较大的振...     

Microstructure and Tensile Strength of the Bonded Interfaces and Parent Materials in W/ODS Steel Joints Fabricated by Direct SSDB

In the present work, Tungsten (W)/oxide dispersion strengthened (ODS) steel joints were fabricated by the direct solid state diffusion bonding (SSDB) technology with a multistage cooling process, and the microstructure and tensile strength of the bonded interfaces and parent materials were experimentally investigated. The results show that W and ODS steel can be successfully bonded at the temperature ranging from 900 °C to 1050 °C, without severe macroscopic deformation or obvious microscopic defects. Reaction layers generated at the bonded interfaces are evolutive with the bonding temperature, result in different fracture locations of the bonded joints. In the joint bonded at 950 °C, a higher interfacial strength of ~ 234.2 MPa is achieved, due to the formation of nano-scale intermetallic compound FeW. Microstructure of W remains stable after all the SSDB processes, while the lath structure of ODS steel is completely broken and transformed into the equiaxed grains, which should be responsible for the deterioration of strength. When the bonding temperature is higher than 950 °C, the pinning effect of precipitates M₂₃C₆ and nano-oxide particles on the movement of dislocations is observed.

     

Bottom-up image detection of water channel slope damages based on superpixel segmentation and support vector machine

The operation of water supply channels is threatened by the occasionally occurred slope damages. Timely detection of their occurrence is critical for the rapid enforcement of mitigation measures. However, current practices based on routine inspection and structural heath monitoring are inefficient, laborious and tend to be biased. As an attempt to address the limitations, this paper proposes a bottom-up image detection approach for slope damages, which includes four steps, i.e. superpixel segmentation, feature handcrafting, superpixel classification based on support vector machine (SVM), and slope damage recognition. The approach employs a bottom-up strategy to infer the upper-level slope condition from the classification results of individual superpixels in the bottom level. Experiments were conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness of the approach. The handcrafted feature “LBP + HSV” was demonstrated to be effective in characterizing the image features of slope damages. An SVM model with “LBP + HSV” as input can reliably identify the slope condition in superpixels. Based on the SVM model, the bottom-up strategy achieved high recognition performance, of which the overall accuracy can be up to 91.7%. The proposed approach has potential to facilitate the early and comprehensive awareness of slope damages along the entire route of water channel by the integration with unmanned aerial vehicles.     

Shape optimization of bi-directional flow passage components based on a genetic algorithm and computational fluid dynamics

The inlet/outlet is an important part of a water conveyance system in a pumped storage power station (PSPS). Its hydraulic characteristics are directly related to the operation and economic benefit of the PSPS. Frequent changes between inflow and outflow operations pose significant challenges in the design of the inlet/outlet diffusion segment shape. In this study, an effective optimization method, including three-dimensional parametric modelling, computational fluid dynamics and a genetic algorithm, is introduced and coupled to the design of the diffusion segment shape. The hydraulic characteristics of bi-directional flow, including the head loss, velocity uneven distribution and uneven discharge distribution, are selected as the objective function in the optimization method. Using this method, the recommended shape of the inlet/outlet is studied and its hydraulic characteristics are discussed. The results indicate that the optimized inlet/outlet has better performance.     

饱和软黏土中开孔防沉板基础上拔特性研究

在软黏土地基中,开孔能有效降低防沉板基础上拔阻力,减小防沉板基础回收难度。对6种具有不同开孔形式的防沉板模型进行了饱和软黏土中的上拔试验,测定了上拔过程中防沉板与土体接触面间的吸附力,揭示了上拔阻力的构成与发展规律,阐明了开孔率和有效宽度对上拔阻力和接触面间吸附力的影响规律。采用有限元方法模拟了防沉板基础的上拔过程,建立了上拔力作用下饱和软黏土地基的破坏模式,构建了采用极限分析法计算防沉板上拔阻力的机动场,推导了上拔阻力的上限解,得到了可以同时考虑防沉板开孔率和有效宽度的上拔阻力系数Nc的计算公式。对比验证结果表明:与Skempton公式不同,求解的上拔阻力随开孔率的增加呈非线性降低规律。