溢洪道闸堰结合的布置与洪水调节方法

溢洪道工程是土石坝水库枢纽的重要组成部分,而在溢洪道工程中控制段是设计的重点。在溢洪道控制段采用闸门控制的基础上,提出了控制段采用闸堰结合的形式,介绍了闸堰结合的布置形式及布置原则;分析了闸堰结合溢洪道泄流的特点;提出了闸堰结合的洪水调节计算方法,包括调洪原则和具体的洪水调节计算过程。并以杨庄水库为例,对溢洪道闸堰结合方案进行了洪水调节计算。     

预应力碳纤维布加固梁斜截面承载力实验与分析

为提高被加固混凝土梁的抗剪承载力,提出在梁底粘贴预应力碳纤维布和在梁端部两侧粘贴碳纤维布复合加固技术。设计了5根无腹筋混凝土梁,进行静力加载试验,试验分析不同加固方式对混凝土梁的抗剪承载力影响,同时对复合加固混凝土梁的斜截面承载力进行理论分析和推导,建立了实用的理论计算公式,理论计算结果与试验数据符合较好。     

森林植被截留降雨实验与模拟

根据半干旱地区樟子松林冠截留降雨的实测资料,对林冠截留与大气降雨之间的关系进行了分析。在几个假设的基础上,建立林冠截留及林内雨量的半理论半经验公式,并介绍了参数确定方法。经检验,公式的计算值与实测值取得较好的一致性,基本上反映出林冠截留降雨的一般规律,揭示了林冠对降雨截留作用的数量关系和客观实质。     

Reassessment of treatments to retard browning of fresh‐cut Russet potato with emphasis on controlled atmospheres and low concentrations of bisulphite

The cultivar Pacific Russet with high browning susceptibility was used for most testing. Controlled atmospheres (0.3%, 3% and 21% O₂ in combination with 0%, 6% or 12% CO₂) and anti‐browning chemicals were studied in relation to quality retention and wound‐induced phenolic metabolism of fresh‐cut slices for up to 16 days at 5 °C. The 3% O₂+ 12% CO₂ atmosphere was most effective among those tested, and retarded increases in phenolics and phenylalanine ammonia lyase activity, but had only slight benefit on visual quality. A 1.25% ascorbic acid +1.25% citric acid treatment was ineffective, but when combined with 3% O₂+ 12% CO₂, it was comparable with 0.025% sodium bisulphite. Bisulphite concentrations from 0.05% to 0.25% provided similar effective control of discolouration. Bisulphite as low as 0.025% with 3% O₂+ 12% CO₂ resulted in a visual quality score at the limit of marketability after 8 days at 5 °C. Chemical treatments did not retard increases in phenolic concentrations or phenolic enzyme activities.     

水位流量关系曲线高水延长方法新探讨

针对传统的单一水位流量关系曲线高水延长方法的缺陷,以泗洪站为例,采用多层递阶和回归分析相结合的方法,对稳定水位流量关系曲线进行了高水延长计算。结果表明,该模型精度较高,并可通过计算机编程计算,提高了工作效率。     

A residual-based a posteriori error estimator for a fully-mixed formulation of the Stokes–Darcy coupled problem

In this paper we develop an a posteriori error analysis of a new fully mixed finite element method for the coupling of fluid flow with porous media flow in 2D. Flows are governed by the Stokes and Darcy equations, respectively, and the corresponding transmission conditions are given by mass conservation, balance of normal forces, and the Beavers–Joseph–Saffman law. We consider dual-mixed formulations in both media, which yields the pseudostress and the velocity in the fluid, together with the velocity and the pressure in the porous medium, and the traces of the porous media pressure and the fluid velocity on the interface, as the resulting unknowns. The set of feasible finite element subspaces includes Raviart–Thomas elements of lowest order and piecewise constants for the velocities and pressures, respectively, in both domains, together with continuous piecewise linear elements for the traces. We derive a reliable and efficient residual-based a posteriori error estimator for the coupled problem. The proof of reliability makes use of the global inf–sup condition, Helmholtz decompositions in both media, and local approximation properties of the Clément interpolant and Raviart–Thomas operator. On the other hand, inverse inequalities, the localization technique based on element-bubble and edge-bubble functions, and known results from previous works, are the main tools for proving the efficiency of the estimator. Finally, some numerical results confirming the theoretical properties of this estimator, and illustrating the capability of the corresponding adaptive algorithm to localize the singularities of the solution, are reported.     

瓜类枯萎病菌粗毒素的致萎作用及其钝化研究

通过试验对瓜类枯萎病菌进行了产毒培养基的筛选,测定不同枯萎病菌菌株产毒能力,以及12种化合物对甜瓜枯萎病菌毒素的钝化作用。研究结果表明:改良的理查培养液最适于枯萎病菌的生长,其粗毒素对幼苗的致萎作用最强,并随着处理浓度的增加呈规律性变化;不同枯萎病菌菌株粗毒素对甜瓜幼苗的致萎作用差异显著;KMnO4、ZnSO4、VB6、VB1、CuSO4、CaSO4和MnSO4等均可不同程度地钝化甜瓜枯萎病菌毒素使其毒性降低。     

Stability analysis and stabilization control of multi-variable switched stochastic systems

In this paper, the mean square (MS) stability and exponential mean square (EMS) stability of multi-variable switched stochastic systems are investigated. Based on the concept of the average dwell-time and the ratio of the total time running on all unstable subsystems to the total time running on all stable subsystems, some sufficient conditions are given to ensure the MS stability and EMS stability of the switched stochastic systems involved. Further, for the switched stochastic control systems with all subsystems controllable or stabilizable, EMS stabilization controls and sufficient conditions on EMS stabilization are presented, and the convergent rates of the closed-loop systems are obtained.     

自适应模糊C均值聚类彩色图像分割方法

模糊C均值聚类用于彩色图像分割具有简单直观,易于实现的特点,但存在聚类性能受中心点初始化影响且计算量大等问题,为此,提出一种自适应模糊C均值分割方法.算法根据人类的视觉特性,参照NBS距离与人类视觉对颜色差别的定量关系,结合具体图像的色彩分布,自动确定初始聚类中心及聚类数目,继而进行模糊C均值聚类.实验表明,该方法无需人为的干预,分割速度快,分割效果跟人的主观视觉感知保持了良好的一致性.     

不饱和聚酯/海泡石纳米复合材料的制备及表征

以独特的松解方法对海泡石原矿进行分散,然后采用季胺盐对其进行有机改性处理,最后将有机海泡石纤维均匀分散到不饱和聚酯中,加入引发剂、促进剂和交联剂,使不饱和聚酯交联制得纳米复合材料。用SEM,FT-IR对复合体系的分散效果进行了分析和表征,并用差热分析方法对其热稳定性能进行了研究。结果表明,海泡石纤维以纳米级水平均匀分散在不饱和聚酯中,纳米复合材料的热分解温度也有所提高。