独腿平台安装工艺

以印尼SES项目独腿平台Zelda—F为例描述了独腿平台安装所需装备、关键技术和主要工艺过程。     

PA-VERT的性能评价及应用

针对酸化施工的需要,研制了一种润湿反转多效添加剂PA-VERT,通过界面张力、润湿角测定以及物模实验评价了其界面活性、润湿反转性能、助排性、防水伤害能力和洗油能力。实验结果表明,PA-VERT界面活性优异,可将油水界面张力降至10^-2 mN/m数量级;经过1%PA-VERT溶液浸泡处理后,砂岩、碳酸盐岩表面由油湿转变为水湿;作为入井流体添加剂使用时可以降低恒定压力下的水侵速度,并且通过降低油驱水的压力,可有效解除水锁伤害,具有良好的助排性能和防水伤害的能力。     

Simultaneous production of electricity and hydrogen from methanol solution with a new electrochemical technology

It is known that the reaction from methanol to hydrogen has a positive Gibbs free energy and therefore cannot occur spontaneously. In the present work, by utilizing the chemical energy of neutralization, a new electrochemical technology was developed to produce hydrogen and electricity from methanol solution simultaneously, without needing external energy input. In our designed electrochemical cell, hydrogen can be produced on cathode while methanol can be oxidized on anode with additional electricity production. The effect of anode surface area on hydrogen production rate and power output was also investigated. With anode apparent surface area of 6.15 cm², initial hydrogen production rate can reach up to 1.07 m³ H₂ m⁻³ d⁻¹ and the maximum power density output of 1.26 W m⁻² can be achieved, at the same time. Although it is only a preliminary work, our work is supposed to provide a new approach for the on-board hydrogen production for the application of various fuel cell technologies, which is urgently needed nowadays.     

注入速率对分散调驱体系注入、运移和驱油效果的影响

为满足渤海油田高速高效开发的技术需求,利用生物显微镜和岩心驱替实验研究了分散调驱体系的膨胀性能和注入性能,以及注入速率对分散调驱体系运移性能和驱油效果的影响。研究结果表明,在渤海B油藏环境下,超分子型分散调驱体系初始粒径为3.9μm,水化膨化192 h后粒径膨胀了3.41倍,具有良好的水化膨胀效果。在注入过程中部分超分子型分散调驱体系会在岩心端面滞留产生端面效应,导致岩心渗透率降低。注入速率增加会使分散调驱体系更多地进入岩心内部,从而有利于调驱体系的深部运移和封堵。但对于非均质油藏,注入速率过高会导致部分分散调驱体系进入低渗层,造成低渗层的吸液压差降低,最终采收率降低。超分子型分散调驱体系与水交替注入可不同程度地提高最终采收率。     

渤海普Ⅱ类稠油过渡带弱凝胶驱增油预测模型

为解决海上普Ⅱ类稠油（> 350 mPa·s）弱凝胶调驱应用实例少、增油潜力预测难度大的问题,基于渤海BN油田调驱矿场实践,利用数值模拟方法研究了弱凝胶调驱相对于天然能量（边水驱）开发的增油量与8个静态参数的相关关系,基于拉丁超立方实验方法建立均匀设计样本集,并采用多元回归方法建立了过渡带调驱增油潜力预测模型。模型适用于渤海相似普Ⅱ类稠油油田,参数范围为平均渗透率（1 000~9 000）×10-3 μm2、变异系数0.1~0.9、边水倍数1~20、注采井距100~500 m、净毛比0.2~1.0、地层原油黏度为200~1 000 mPa·s、油层厚度4~20 m、生产井距内含油边界距离0~200 m。模型预测增油量与实际产量相对误差平均为2.5%,满足工程应用精度要求。     

催化裂化再生器应力腐蚀裂纹“应力因素”在设备制造中的控制

通过对某炼油厂催化裂化装置再生器改造施工过程的介绍,探讨在设备制造过程中,如何进行产生应力腐蚀裂纹应力因素的控制。     

商业楼宇光纤网络建设方案介绍

本文从商业楼宇光纤网络建设为切入点,对宽带接入和大客户专线接入的建设原则和建设模式进行了详细的阐述,为快速建成全光网络城市、推进宽带升级提速工作,提供了科学的依据。     

水泥浆触变性评价方法的探索

通过实验分析了目前常用的触变性评价方法——静切力法和滞后环法,对其合理性进行了讨论;并结合触变水泥浆的现场应用,提出了水泥浆触变性评价应涵盖流动性、胶凝强度发展情况以及施工安全性3个方面,针对常用触变性评价方法存在的问题,探索了一种评价水泥浆触变性的新方法。该方法采用精度高的旋转黏度计在转速极低的情况下测量水泥浆不同时刻的剪切力,几乎消除了剪切力对胶凝强度的影响,通过程序控制可实现对样品的连续测量。此方法可准确反映不同温度下水泥浆胶凝强度发展的快慢和大小,从而可更好地指导触变水泥浆体系的开发和现场应用。     

自适应反射系数无约束反演技术

自适应反射系数无约束反演,是在不考虑测井约束的情况下,对地震记录的每一点都求取反算子,然后在该点再进行速归褶积计算,以充分适应不同深度上地震子波变化的特点。因此,此法要比普通分段脉冲反褶积求解反射系数的精度高得多。由此方法得到的反射系数剖面,能清楚地反映出小薄层、小砂体、小断层和小构造,其分辨率可达到1／4波长。该方法对弱反射层尤为有利,它是在偏移剖面上实现的,并要求高故频不低于50Hz。     

Experimental investigation on gasification characteristics of polycarbonate (PC) microplastics in supercritical water

In order to solve the problem of marine microplastics and realize the harmless resource utilization of plastics, the gasification experiments of polycarbonate (PC) microplastics were carried out in supercritical water and a novel seawater gasification of microplastic experiment was investigated. In this paper, the effects of different operating conditions (temperature, time, feedstock concentration, pressure) on gasification performance were discussed. The gasification kinetic of microplastics in supercritical water was calculated. The experimental results showed that the increase in gasification temperature and time enhanced the cracking reaction and free radical reaction of the microplastics to increase the gasification efficiency, while the reduction in feedstock concentration improved the gasification efficiency by increasing the gasification level of unit feedstock. The change in pressure had no significant effect on gasification due to the fact that the properties of the supercritical water were not significantly changed. It was found that the valuable results that all alkali metal salts in seawater promote hydrogen conversion, while in terms of carbon conversion, only KCl, CaCl₂, NaHCO₃ and seawater had a significant catalytic effect on the gasification. Seawater gasification of microplastics was a potential resource utilization method. Finally, it was considered that the PC plastic gasification conformed to the random nucleation and subsequent growth model (n = 3), and the reaction activation energy was 230.45 kJ/mol, which was smaller than that of traditional pyrolysis.