Does energy efficiency increase with orchard size? A case study from peach production

The aim of this study was to explain the relationship between orchard size and energy efficiency in the case of peach production carried out by households. The data were obtained from 118 peach orchards that were classified into four groups, including orchards less than 0.5, 0.5–1.0, 1.0–2.0 and larger than 2.0 ha, by using stratified random sampling method. The total energy requirement for peach production on average was 36,284.51 MJ ha^?1. Total energy input use decreases as orchard size increases; however, it is minimal in group III. Fertilizer energy was the largest energy input, followed by diesel oil and pesticides for all groups.     

Investigation on formation and distribution of remaining oil and sensitivity analysis in fracture-vuggy media

Drilling and dewaxing are used to manufacture the quantitative model and stochastic model of fracture-vuggy media, respectively, which are used for the investigation on the oil displacement of full diameter cores. The formation and distribution of remaining oil and sensitivity analysis in fracture-vuggy media are studied. The research results show that the density difference between the displacing phase and the displaced phase and the connection position between fractures and vugs determine the fluid distribution law in the vugs. After water flooding, the remaining oil is composed of “attic oil,” “occlusion oil,” “corner oil,” “blind-vug oil,” “oil film,” and “dead oil region.” Then, the influences of oil viscosity, injection rate, density, and viscosity of driving fluid on oil recovery and remaining oil are studied.     

漏磁检测技术在新疆某油田的应用

长输管道长期埋在地下,随着时间的推移,会发生腐蚀、穿孔和泄露等,对环境造成污染,甚至引起突发的灾难事故,危及人身安全,因此,急需进行腐蚀检测。腐蚀内检测技术由于其直观性、准确性和快捷性得到了快速的发展。介绍了目前国内外最常见最实用的漏磁内检测技术的原理、检测系统的组成及其在新疆某油田输气管道的应用。以期对今后的检测工作起到总结和指导作用。     

注气过程中煤层裂纹扩展速度研究

煤层中通常会通过注N2、CO2提高煤层气采收率或实现CO2埋存,注入的气体将使煤层中裂纹发生扩展,诱发煤层失稳。以宁武盆地9号煤层为研究对象,开展等温吸附实验定量研究了煤岩对N2、CO2的吸附量,并开展三轴压缩力学实验定量研究了N2、CO2吸附对煤岩力学强度的影响;分析了煤岩中裂纹扩展机理,根据断裂力学理论推导出含气煤岩中的裂纹扩展速度方程,并根据方程计算出注不同气体时煤岩中的裂纹扩展速度。研究表明,在相同平衡压力下,煤岩对CO2的吸附量是CH4的6倍;煤岩饱和CO2后的力学强度明显低于饱和N2的力学强度;煤层注CO2比注N2引起的裂纹扩展速度更大,并且注气压力越高扩展速度越大。该理论成果能够为优化注气的比例及注气压力提供理论指导,并且对防止煤层失稳,保障顺利注气具有重要意义。     

塔中北斜坡中下奥陶统鹰山组岩溶储层成像测井相精细研究

电阻率成像测井图像具有分辨率高、直观和可定量化的优势,在沉积储层研究上得到了广泛应用。研究以成像测井资料为主,结合大量的岩心、薄片和常规测井曲线的分析,将研究区鹰山组岩溶体系划分为11种成像测井相,包括溶蚀作用形成的溶洞相与构造作用形成的裂缝相构成的储层相类型、沉积作用形成的高阻隔层相类型,以及多种储集空间叠合的复合相类型等。在精细刻画岩溶体系的成像测井特征之后,认为塔中北斜坡鹰山组古岩溶体系中,形成有效储集层段的并非伽马高值的溶洞相,而是溶洞相之下、高阻隔层相之上的裂缝与溶孔的复合相,溶孔构成了油气的储集空间,而裂缝成为沟通储集空间的通道。多井分析结果表明,研究区受不整合面发育和构造古地貌等多重因素控制,古岩溶作用发育的鹰一段和鹰二段,显示出不同的岩溶特征。其中,鹰一段发育2套可识别的大型溶洞体系,而鹰二段则以小型溶洞、溶孔等均匀溶蚀作用为主。     

三次采油用耐温耐盐表面活性剂BHJ-2的研究

针对碳酸盐岩油藏具有高温、高矿化度的特点,研制出适合该类型油藏三次采油用耐温耐盐型表面活性剂BHJ-2。考察了其耐温耐盐性、界面活性、润湿性能、吸附性能、洗油效率、驱油效率等;结果表明,BHJ-2耐温达140℃,耐盐达2.33×10~5mg/L,吸附损失为0.574 mg/g油砂,可将油-地层水-岩石接触角由亲油性109.6°转变为亲水性61.4°。在140℃高温条件下老化30 d后,界面活性和洗油效率基本不变,油水界面张力为0.576 m N/m,静态洗油效率达到83.7%,可提高驱替效率36.7%,研究表明,BHJ-2可适用于高温高矿化度条件的亲油性碳酸盐岩油藏。     

A New High-Efficiency Experimental Design for Optimizing Various Flow Velocities Testing in Extremely Aggressive Formation Water

Compared to the traditional one-by-one method, a new high-efficiency method is used to characterize large numbers of regulations varying samples.Accordingly, bump-shaped electrodes are designed using the computational fluid dynamics model, and the effect of the height and placement of these electrodes is discussed.The experimental feasibility is certified by weight loss measurement.Results indicate that flow velocities of different bump-shaped electrode surfaces are significant differences.Thus, each surface can be analyzed independently; the thickness loss of each electrode surface is consistent with that using one-by-one method, which can effectively improve the experimental efficiency 12 times.     

钻井液处理剂溶液活度测量方法对比

室内通过吸附等温曲线法与饱和湿度法测定了钻井液处理剂溶液的活度。结果表明：两种方法均具有较好的重复性,测量结果基本一致,吸附等温曲线法需要的测试周期较长,饱和湿度法的测试周期明显缩短。     

水力裂缝及天然裂缝相交延伸规律及真三轴物理模拟实验

真实的裂缝性储层水力压裂并非全是经典理论中的对称压裂,有的会形成复杂的压裂缝网,天然裂缝的存在导致地应力的改变是该现象形成的一个重要原因.目前对于水力裂缝与天然裂缝相交后延伸情况的研究,虽然有系统的理论和方法,但针对特定参数进行满足实际开发需求的定量研究尚未见报道.为此,在前人的理论基础上,改进了水力裂缝与天然裂缝相交...