Photonic crystals and photonic structures

This paper reviews the state-of-the-art of photonic band gap materials, addressing separately the spectral ranges of microwaves and optics. In the microwave domain, applications seem to emerge in particular, thanks to the recent breakthrough of metallo-dielectric structures. In the optical domain, 3D structures have been recently demonstrated in the infrared. In the mean time, refractive index engineering of a variety of complex structures involving photonic band gap reflections as well as more classical Fresnel confinement of light is now underway for the study of quantum electrodynamics in the solid state.     

The mass separation and collection of ions having large angular and energy spreads emitted from pulsed plasma sources

A novel method for isotope separation is presented. In the proposed system, the ions are generated by a pulsed ion source having large angular and energy spread, then move through a field-free region to an electrodynamic reflecting filter, where the ions are separated according to their charge-to-mass (q/m) ratio. The collection angle is nearly 4π sr. A numerical example for separating hydrogen isotopes is presented.     

Pyrolysis of Sedum plumbizincicola,a zinc and cadmium hyperaccumulator: pyrolysis kinetics,heavy metal behaviour and bio-oil production

Appropriate disposal of hyperaccumulator biomass is a problem inhibiting the widespread use of phytoremediation technology. In the present study, kinetic analysis of the pyrolysis process of Sedum plumbizincicola, the behaviour of heavy metals and bio-oil composition were studied. The kinetic analysis of the pyrolysis process shows that activation energy (E) changed from 150 to 186 kJ mol⁻¹ and the frequency factor (A) changed from 1.34 × 10¹¹ to 8.99 × 10¹⁵ s⁻¹. At temperatures of 450–750 °C more than 66.3 % of zinc (Zn) remained in the char. More than 87.6 % of the cadmium (Cd) was found in the bio-oil. Pyrolysis at 650 °C led to the highest yield of alkanes with low-oxygen compounds found in the bio-oil. Pyrolysis at 650 °C can likely offer a valuable processing method for S. plumbizincicola and recovery of Zn from the char and recovery of Cd from the bio-oil will be attempted in future research.

     

基于自适应混沌粒子群优化的防空目标分配

粒子群优化算法存在早熟收敛和搜索精度较低的问题.为此,提出一种基于自适应混沌粒子群的优化算法.采用自适应权重和遗传算法中的交叉、变异操作更新粒子群,增加种群粒子的多样性,运用早熟判断机制判断粒子的当前状态,当粒子处于早熟状态时,利用混沌搜索的方法引导群体快速跳出局部最优.仿真结果表明,该算法可以有效解决粒子群算法的早熟问题,提高搜索精度和收敛速度.     

Synthesis of graphene/methylene blue/gold nanoparticles composites based on simultaneous green reduction,in situ growth and self-catalysis

The novel composites based on reduced graphene oxide/methylene blue/gold nanoparticles (rGO/MB/AuNPs) were synthesized by a green and easy method. This synthesis was realized through a one-step green reduction of graphene oxide and chloroauric acid by ascorbic acid, with MB as the assistant reductant and formed AuNPs as the self-catalyst. Except for electroactive substance, MB, which was firmly coated onto the surface of rGO through π–π stacking non-covalent interactions, also serves as the anchor for AuNPs in situ growth due to the electrostatic attraction between positively charged MB and negatively charged chloroauric ions. The characteristics of rGO/MB/AuNPs composites were investigated by various optical and electrical methods. These composites exhibit excellent electrochemical properties and promising prospects for practical application in electrochemical analysis.     

沈阳市未来城市扩展模拟预案研究

利用基于遥感手段获取的沈阳市城市发展历史数据对SLEUTH模型进行校正,对未来（2005-2030年）的城市扩展过程进行不同生态环境保护政策下的情景模拟,并对其扩展格局和生态环境影响进行分析与比较。结果显示,未来沈阳市城市化进程将进入一个加速发展阶段;2016年以后各政策预案条件下的城市扩展格局和可持续性呈现出明显的差异;目前趋势发展预案（Ⅰ）下,城市扩展导致大量的土地资源被侵占,城市景观格局日益复杂化;环境保护发展预案（Ⅱ）和生态可持续发展预案（Ⅲ）下城市扩展空间受到较大约束,部分自然资源得以保护,城市扩展格局在模拟期内相对比较紧凑;研究表明必须采取严格的城市规划与增长管理措施,引导和控制沈阳市未来城市扩展,保护基本农田和城市生态支撑系统;SLEUTH模型为城市土地资源可持续利用提供了一种有用的规划工具。     

Detailed characterisation of antimony mineralogy in a geometallurgical context at the Rockliden ore deposit,North-Central Sweden

The antimony (Sb) content of the Rockliden complex Zn–Cu massive sulphide ore lowers the quality of the Cu–Pb concentrate. The purpose of this study is to characterise the Sb mineralogy of the deposit. The Sb-bearing minerals include tetrahedrite (Cu,Fe,Ag,Zn)₁₂Sb₄S₁₃, bournonite PbCuSbS₃, gudmundite FeSbS and other sulphosalts. On a microscopic scale these minerals are complexly intergrown with base-metal sulphides in the ore. Based on these observations mineralogical controls on the distribution of Sb-bearing minerals in a standard flotation test are illustrated. Deposit-scale and rock-related variation in the Sb-content and distribution of Sb-bearing minerals were found. This underlines the importance in understanding the geological background as a basis of a 3D geometallurgical model for Rockliden. Such a model is expected to predict the Sb content of the Cu–Pb concentrate, among other process-relevant factors, and helps to forecast when the Cu–Pb concentrate has to be treated by alternative processes, such as alkaline sulphide leaching, before it is sold to the smelter.     

菊粉咀嚼片制备工艺研究

采用湿法制粒压片工艺,通过配方优化,研制新型菊粉咀嚼片,并对其品质进行评价。结果表明:乙醇浓度、乙醇加入量、硬脂酸镁加入量及柠檬酸加入量等因素对菊粉咀嚼片的品质有较大影响。当以浓度(体积分数)为100%、加入量为2 mL/10 g的乙醇做润湿剂,以2%甘露醇、1.5%硬脂酸镁、0.5%柠檬酸为辅料,可制得口感好、有菊粉特有风味、表面光滑美观、色泽均匀一致、硬度好、崩解性好、咀嚼性好的新型菊粉咀嚼片。     

Economic evaluation of common reed potential for energy production: A case study in Wuliangsuhai Lake (Inner Mongolia,China)

Wuliangsuhai Lake is one of the largest wetlands in Inner Mongolia, China, half covered by large and highly productive Common Reed (Phragmites australis) stands. However, benefits from current utilization practices do not cover the costs of harvesting. Against this background, Wuliangsuhai Lake is taken as a case study for the assessment of the potential use of reed biomass for energy production. Taking into account, both the present and the potential reed availability, four scenarios are considered, i.e. (1) a decentralized application in household stoves, (2) a centralized reed supplied combined heat and power gasification, (3) a direct combustion plant and (4) a co-firing in existing coal plants. Two field campaigns have been conducted firstly collect information about the current situation of the reed and coal market and secondly to measure reed above-ground biomass. The suitability of reed for thermochemical conversion processes has been evaluated by means of chemical-physical, calorimetric, and thermal analyses of the samples. The potential energy production is valued regarding the profitability on the current Chinese energy market. Possible subsidies for reed as a renewable resource are taken into account. The evaluation has shown that reed has the potential to act as an energy feedstock. In relation to the considered study site, reed energy use can be profitable on the household level, in CHP combustion plants and in co-combustion. Gasification CHP plants are not economic feasible under current conditions. The results show that reed can be a sustainable alternative to highly health and environment damaging coal.     

藻蓝蛋白抗氧化肽的制备工艺研究

研究了藻蓝蛋白抗氧化肽制备的最佳酶解工艺及抗氧化活性。以还原能力为考察指标,藻蓝蛋白为底物,木瓜蛋白酶为水解酶,采用正交设计优化水解条件。结果表明,影响藻蓝蛋白抗氧化肽制备的各因素排列顺序为:时间>温度>pH值>[E]/[S],制备藻蓝蛋白抗氧化肽的最佳工艺条件为温度50℃、时间为3h、[E]/[S]1:20、pH7.0,此条件下制备的藻蓝蛋白抗氧化肽还原能力最强为0.948。另外藻蓝蛋白抗氧化肽对超氧阴离子和羟基自由基均具有显著的清除作用,且表现出一定的量效关系。