黄土地基中超长钻孔灌注桩承载性状试验研究

为了研究黄土地基中超长钻孔灌注桩的承载性能、桩身轴力传递规律、桩侧阻力和端阻力的发挥性状,对西安地区6根超长钻孔灌注桩进行单桩静载荷试验,采用滑动测微计测试每米范围内桩身轴力的变化。可以发现,黄土地基中超长钻孔灌注桩的Q-S曲线呈缓变型,在最大荷载时都未达到破坏状态;桩身轴力传递规律和桩侧阻力的发挥与成孔工艺、桩长、桩周土层性质密切相关。由于黄土地基中的粉质黏土和粉土具有强结构性,测试得到的极限侧阻力远比规范值要大,使得黄土地基中超长钻孔灌注桩具有较大的承载能力,但桩端阻力和桩侧阻力并非同时发挥,建议在设计时考虑端阻力的发挥度,桩侧摩阻力和桩端阻力采用不同的分项系数。     

Effect of microstructure tuning by rapid heat cycle molding on the photodegradation behavior of isotactic polypropylene

Rapid heat cycling molding (RHCM) is an injection molding technique that improves the product quality of isotactic polypropylene (iPP) by tuning the microstructure, but its effect on the photodegradation stability remains to be investigated. In this work, the effect of RHCM tuned microstructure on the photodegradation behavior of iPP was investigated and compared with conventional injection molding (CIM). Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), x-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and shore durometer (D scale) were used to examine the photodegradation behavior of iPP samples. The results showed that RHCM increased the crystallinity, crystal size, and β-crystal content of iPP samples. With the increase of photodegradation time, iPP samples injected with RHCM showed higher stability in terms of microstructure and surface quality. The relative changes in CI and R_a of RHCM90 were reduced by 48% and 40% after 800 h of UV irradiation, respectively. In addition, the combined results of dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and UV–visible absorption spectrum showed that RHCM promoted the development of crystalline structure and reduced the mobility of the surface chain segments as well as UV absorption coefficient. These combined effects contributed positively to its photodegradation stability.     

集团型勘察设计企业财务管理模式研究

勘察设计企业集团在发展过程中管理体制呈现出经营分权、财务集权的趋势,选择新型的财务管理模式已势在必行。因此,在借鉴国外大型企业集团财务管理模式的基础上,通过实例分析,设计出一套适合我国勘察设计企业集团的新型财务管理模式——集中化财务管理模式;介绍了该模式的思路、总体框架、内容,以及实行时应注意的若干问题。     

Mechanical properties of stabilized artificial organic soil

In order to study the influence of organic matter on the mechanical properties of stabilized soil and the effect of XGL2005 on stabilizing organic soil, unconfined compressive strength tests were carried out. Test results indicated that the strength of stabilized soil decreased in the form of a logarithmic function as the organic matter content increased. In contrast, the strength increased in the form of a power function as the content of the stabilization agent increased. The strength of cement stabilized organic soil was reinforced greatly by adding the stabilizer XGL2005. Based on the law obtained from the test, a strength prediction model was established by regression analysis. The model included the influence of the curing time, the content of the cement, the organic matter content and the stabilization agent on the strength of stabilized soil. __________ Translated from Journal of Zhejiang University (Engineering Science), 2007, 41(1): 109–113 [译自: 浙江 大学学报(工学版)]     

利用桐油和糯米汁改善黏土的强度及环境土工特性

充分利用桐油防渗性好、附着力强、耐酸碱、耐水、耐日光大气等性能和糯米汁黏糊度高、吸附强、胀度小等特点,将桐油、糯米汁掺入黏土中改善其环境土工特性。渗透、强度、等温吸附和扩散试验结果表明:黏土经桐油、糯米汁改良后,在最优质量比例为90∶5∶5时,渗透系数比未改良土下降2个数量级,同时对金属离子的吸附能力明显增强,尤其对Cu2+的吸附能力显著提高,并且明显地降低Cu2+的扩散系数。用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对未改良土和混合土进行了微观形态结构研究,结果表明桐油能很好地分散并渗入黏土表面形成附着良好的包膜层。萧山黏土混合桐油和糯米汁后极大地改善了其作为黏土衬垫的环境土工特性。     

大直径薄壁灌注筒桩竖向荷载传递性状解析分析

筒桩与土芯存在相对位移趋势以及它们之间相对位移的发生是筒桩内侧摩阻力产生的原因。本文考虑竖向荷载作用下大直径薄壁灌注筒桩内摩阻力发挥情况,在前期工作基础上进行了修正改进,采用一种桩内侧阻、桩外侧阻和桩端阻荷载传递模型,对桩周外侧土处于弹性状态时内侧摩阻力便开始发挥的情况进行解析求解,推导出大直径薄壁灌注筒桩的轴向荷载-沉降曲线的解析算式。通过一工程算例,验证本文公式的实用性。     

软土地基加筋土挡墙现场试验研究

 结合一软土地基反包式土工格栅加筋黏性土挡墙现场测试,对挡墙填筑过程中原地表沉降、墙趾水平和垂直位移、墙面水平位移、挡墙内部垂直土压力和墙背水平土压力,以及筋材应变分布等进行分析,探讨其工作性状及其稳定性。分析结果表明：软土地基加筋土挡墙的破坏形式表现为外部失稳;挡墙墙面出现“鼓肚”现象,其最大水平位移位于挡墙中部墙高位置;格栅应变在距墙面0.8 H(H为挡墙的高度)处最大,设计上的0.3H法不能适用于深厚软土地基加筋土挡墙。研究成果可为今后类似工程的研究、设计与施工提供参考。     

局部动荷载作用下土拱效应的离散元分析

在实际工程中,土拱效应不可避免地受到动荷载的影响.基于Trapdoor模型试验,建立了相应的离散元分析模型,通过比较模型试验结果与数值模拟结果,从应力和变形2个方面验证了数值模型的可靠性,并在此基础上研究了内摩擦角、荷载幅值和荷载频率对土拱效应的影响.为定量衡量土拱效应的退化程度,定义了土拱退化参数α.结果表明,在局部...     

颗粒破碎对粗粒料力学特性的影响研究

易破碎是粗粒料显著的特点,颗粒破碎对粗粒料的抗剪强度、内摩擦角、剪胀以及渗透系数均会产生影响。通过室内大型三轴试验,对粗粒料的颗粒破碎以及应力进行了分析,建立了破碎耗能与塑性功之间的关系式,并将其引入土体受力变形过程中的能量方程,采用相关联流动法则推导出了粗粒土的屈服函数,并绘制出在不同围压下经颗粒破碎修正的屈服面。     

水电水利建设项目作业场所环境安全检测检验方法的初步研究

针对水电水利建设项目作业环境的特殊性,讨论了水电建设工程劳动安全与工业卫生竣工验收作业环境检测检验方法,介绍了现场检测检验参数指标、技术要点、引用的规范标准、仪器设备技术要求及检测检验流程,初步总结了水电水利建设项目作业环境的一些特点,为进一步开展水电水利建设项目劳动安全与工业卫生专项竣工验收作业环境检测检验技术与标准研究工作提供了参考。