山地城市径流污染特征分析

以重庆主城某大学校园为例,对路面、屋面和绿地等3种典型的城市下垫面径流水质进行了监测,指标包括pH、悬浮固体（SS）、化学需氧量（COD）、氨氮（NH3-N）、总磷（TP）等。研究结果表明：除TP外主要污染物质的平均浓度均超过地表水环境Ⅴ类标准,降雨径流SS的平均浓度可高达1.73×103mg/L,COD和NH3-N平均浓度可高达76.25 mg/L和3.67 mg/L;存在显著地初期冲刷效应,混凝土路面的SS、COD、NH3-N的初期径流浓度分别为2.33×103mg/L、106.4 mg/L、5.64 mg/L,初期径流浓度相当于全场降雨径流浓度的2-4倍左右,其最高值出现在产流后10~15 min内。对比3场不同降雨强度下的径流水质,降雨强度越大,径流污染物浓度越高,其中降雨强度对大坡度路面的地表径流污染物浓度影响更大。     

Gewissensfreiheit in der Apotheke

Background In recent years, it has been intensively debated whether and how the conscience must be protected in the context of pharmacies. Currently, Germany and Austria have no legal regulation regarding this problem. Objective The ethical framework for a coping strategy dealing with the problem of freedom of conscience in the pharmacy will be outlined. Method By applying legal ethics' principle of proportionality within German and Austrian constitutional law as well as the European Convention on Human Rights, the problem is analyzed on its individual, corporative, and societal level. Results On the individual level, the pharmacist's and the patient's stakes and rights (e.g., the freedom of conscience) are carefully balanced by using the principle of proportionality. On the corporative level, the autonomy granted by the fundamental right of freedom of religion and belief legitimatizes a pharmacy's ideological profile as an organization and may cause conflicts of loyalty within the pharmacy. On the societal level, four pro-active options of shaping the legal framework are available: a social-welfare, a libertarian, a professional, and a communitarian. How conflicts on the individual or the corporative level can be solved depends on the option(s) that are chosen on the societal level. Conclusion If the status quo is to be changed, this article argues for two approaches: a) the introduction of a qualified conscience clause for pharmacists (including duties to consult, refer, treat in emergencies, and inform); b) a ‘weak’ communitarian option, striving for a compromise between a pharmaceutical corporation (i.e., pharmacy or pharmaceutical professional association) with an ideological profile and the public healthcare system. Both approaches satisfy a careful balancing of legitimate goods.     

关于VoIP基本安全策略的探讨

为确保VoIP（VoiceoverIntemetProtocol）系统的安全,针对基于互联网的IP（InternetProtocol）电话发展与普及过程出现的安全问题进行了讨论,并在分析现有网络业存在的安全威胁的基础上,对企业部署VoIP时可能出现的安全问题给出了相应的安全建议。     

基于视觉注意力模型的红外人体图像兴趣区域提取*

由于红外人体图像所处背景的复杂性,使用阈值分割定位红外人体图像往往把大量的非人体图像一起分离出来,这给后续工作带来了巨大的计算量.研究了红外人体图像的典型特点和人眼视觉判断人体轮廓图像的敏感特征,使用该特征建立了简单的人眼视觉对人体的注意力模型,并构建特征判别概率函数,对待定目标进行概率的估算,最终使用该模型快速地剔除非人体红外图像的干扰,并准确地定位人体兴趣区域.     

Catalytic performance of Co3O4/CeO2 and Co3O4/CeO2–ZrO2 composite oxides for methane combustion: Influence of catalyst pretreatment temperature and oxygen concentration in the reaction mixture

The influence of catalyst pre-treatment temperature (650 and 750 °C) and oxygen concentration (λ = 8 and 1) on the light-off temperature of methane combustion has been investigated over two composite oxides, Co₃O₄/CeO₂ and Co₃O₄/CeO₂–ZrO₂ containing 30 wt.% of Co₃O₄. The catalytic materials prepared by the co-precipitation method were calcined at 650 °C for 5 h (fresh samples); a portion of them was further treated at 750 °C for 7 h, in a furnace in static air (aged samples).

Tests of methane combustion were carried out on fresh and aged catalysts at two different WHSV values (12 000 and 60 000 mL g⁻¹ h⁻¹). The catalytic performance of Co₃O₄/CeO₂ and Co₃O₄/CeO₂–ZrO₂ were compared with those of two pure Co₃O₄ oxides, a sample obtained by the precipitation method and a commercial reference. Characterization studies by X-ray diffraction (XRD), BET and temperature-programmed reduction (TPR) show that the catalytic activity is related to the dispersion of crystalline phases, Co₃O₄/CeO₂ and Co₃O₄/CeO₂–ZrO₂ as well as to their reducibility. Particular attention was paid to the thermal stability of the Co₃O₄ phase in the temperature range of 750–800 °C, in both static (in a furnace) and dynamic conditions (continuous flow). The results indicate that the thermal stability of the phase Co₃O₄ heated up to 800 °C depends on the size of the cobalt oxide crystallites (fresh or aged samples) and on the oxygen content (excess λ = 8, stoichiometric λ = 1) in the reaction mixture. A stabilizing effect due to the presence of ceria or ceria–zirconia against Co₃O₄ decomposition into CoO was observed.

Moreover, the role of ceria and ceria–zirconia is to maintain a good combustion activity of the cobalt composite oxides by dispersing the active phase Co₃O₄ and by promoting the reduction at low temperature.     

Crystallization behavior of polymer/montmorillonite nanocomposites. Part II. Intercalated poly(ε-caprolactone)/montmorillonite nanocomposites

The combination of surfactant modified montmorillonite (MMT) silicate layers, poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) and the adopted melt processing procedure results in intercalated nanocomposites in which the silicate layers act as nucleating agents for the crystallization of the PCL matrix and by which in turn the overall crystallization rate increases. At a sufficiently high MMT concentration and degree of supercooling the polymer-swollen silicate layer stacks disturb crystal growth, resulting in a decrease in the overall crystallization rate. Simultaneous, time resolved, synchrotron small and wide angle X-ray scattering experiments reveal that—when the retarding effect is absent at a sufficiently high temperature—the final semicrystalline structures of pure PCL and its nanocomposites are identical. The poorer nucleation in the case of pure PCL, however, results in a time wise smearing of primary and secondary crystallization whereas in the nanocomposites these events are well separated due to a nucleation induced, efficient and rapid primary crystallization. Secondary crystallization involves the insertion of new lamellar crystals in between the already existing ones.     

Long-term cyclability of nanostructured LiFePO4

Amorphous LiFePO₄ was obtained by lithiation of FePO₄ synthesized by spontaneous precipitation from equimolar aqueous solutions of Fe(NH₄)₂(SO₄)₂·6H₂O and NH₄H₂PO₄, using hydrogen peroxide as oxidizing agent. Nano-crystalline LiFePO₄ was obtained by heating amorphous nano-sized LiFePO₄ for different periods of time. The materials were characterized by TG, DTA, X-ray powder diffraction, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and BET. All materials showed very good electrochemical performance in terms of energy and power density. Upon cycling, a capacity fading affected the materials, thus reducing the electrochemical performance. Nevertheless, the fading decreased upon cycling and after the 200th cycle the cell was able to cycle for more than 500 cycles without further fading.     

Aspects of nucleosomal positional flexibility and fluidity

Nucleosomes have been considered until recently to be stable and uniquely localized particles. We focus here on two properties of nucleosomes that are emerging as central attributes of their functions: mobility and multiplicity of localization. The biological relevance of these phenomena is based on the fact that chromatin functions depend on the relative stability of nucleosomes, on their covalent or conformational modifications, their dynamics, their localization, and the density of their distribution. In order to understand these complex behaviors both the structure of the nucleosome core particles and the informational rules governing their interaction with defined DNA sequences are here taken into consideration. The fact that nucleosomes solve the problem of how to locate a specific interaction site on a potentially infinite combination of sequences, with interactions recurring to a controlled level of informational ambiguity and stochasticity, is discussed. Nucleosomes have been shown to slide along DNA. This novel facet of their behavior and its implications in chromatin remodeling are reviewed.     

乡村振兴战略指导下的生态灌区建设与管理

针对生态灌区建设与管理存在的产业与资源低效、灌溉水质恶化、生态多样性降低等问题,以乡村振兴战略为理论指导,从乡村振兴战略20字总要求出发,探讨乡村振兴战略思想下的生态灌区建设与管理,提出了农业质量产量底线、生态与环境底线和资源开发利用上限的生态灌区建设与管理三条红线,指出生态灌区应向粮食增产提质和其他产品有效供给、生态环境优美宜居、资源保护与高效利用方向发展,为实现生态灌区可持续型绿色发展提供科学参考。     

基于Halcon的IC测试探针表面质量的机器视觉检测系统

IC测试是集成电路生产中的重要工序,探针表面诸如划痕、凹坑等缺陷对性能测试结果影响大.文章研究了IC探针表面质量的机器视觉检测方法,讨论了灰度变换、均值滤波、区域连通、图像分割等缺陷图像处理和形状识别方法,建立了相应的探针表面质量检测系统,并基于机器视觉软件Halcon开发了探针表面质量检测系统软件.实验表明:开发的检测系统可对直径0.3~0.6 mm的IC测试探针表面质量进行快速检测评估,且系统的稳定性好、检测精度高,能有效缩短检测时间和减少检测成本.