基于 GBDT 的铁路事故类型预测及成因分析

运用数据挖掘技术进行铁路事故类型预测及成因分析, 对于建立铁路事故预警机制具有重要意义. 为此, 本文提出一种基于梯度提升决策树(Grandient boosting decision tree, GBDT)的铁路事故类型预测及成因分析算法. 针对铁路事故记录数据缺失的问题, 提出一种基于属性分布概率的补全算法, 最大程度保持原有数据分布, 从而降低数据缺失对事故类型预测造成的影响. 针对铁路事故记录数据类别失衡的问题, 提出一种集成的GBDT模型, 完成对事故类型的鲁棒性预测. 在此基础上, 根据GBDT预测模型中特征重要度排序, 实现事故成因分析. 通过在开放数据库上进行实验, 验证了本文模型的有效性.     

面向负载均衡的高铁路网列车开行方案优化方法

针对当前高速铁路运营过程中存在的运输需求与运力资源不匹配现象,面向负载均衡原理研究了路网条件下运能可适配的高速铁路旅客列车开行方案优化与评估方法.首先,针对路网条件下列车开行方案优化,构建以提升经济效益、社会效益和网络负载均衡为目标的非线性混合整数规划模型,并设计基于遗传算法和粒子群算法的两阶段混合搜索求解算法.在此基础上,考虑开行列车在高速铁路网中的抗干扰能力,建立了面向网络化运营场景的开行方案综合评估指标体系,揭示了故障场景下高速铁路网络性能的演化规律.最后,以实际高速铁路线路数据和运营数据为场景进行仿真实验,本文提出方法在保证运输需求和路局收益的同时能够有效地提升8.66%网络整体负载均衡性,增强发生故障时网络的抗干扰能力.     

不确定性环境下基于深度强化学习的综合能源系统动态调度

随着综合能源系统中间歇性能源和负荷不确定性的逐步增强,传统的调度方法局限于固定物理模型及参数设定,难以较好地动态响应源荷的随机波动。针对这一问题,提出了一种基于深度强化学习的综合能源系统动态调度方法。首先,以数据驱动方式构建面向综合能源系统的深度强化学习模型,通过智能体与综合能源系统的持续交互,自适应学习调度策略,降低对物理模型的依赖程度。其次,通过添加随机扰动的方式表征源荷不确定性变化特征,针对不确定性变化特征改进深度强化学习模型的状态空间、动作空间、奖励机制以及训练流程等关键环节,并经由近端策略优化算法优化求解,实现了综合能源系统的动态调度决策。最后,通过算例仿真验证了所提方法在不同时间尺度以及不确定性环境下的可行性和有效性。     

基于深度学习的基金客服情绪安抚算法

构建基金智能客服情绪安抚算法,增加人性化设计以有效提升客户使用体验。由基于OCC模型的情绪粗粒度分类得到有负面情感的文本信息,对该文本信息进行相关处理,而后基于SVM模型进行情绪细粒度分类,得到文本的负面情绪类别并在囊括专业知识和情绪应答的基金领域知识库中匹配答案和情绪应答语句,将查询结果展示给客户。     

基于强化学习的列车驾驶曲线节能优化算法

在保证安全和准时性的前提下,自动化列车运行可以有效减少列车耗能。为了灵活应对列车运行种的动态变化,提出了一种基于强化学习的方法,可以优化列车控制策略且不采用之前关于列车动力学的知识和设计的列车速度曲线。这个优化模型将列车节能作为目标,把准点到达、列车限速、停车位置作为限制条件。大量的列车运行经验可以被用来训练深度神经网络直到得到最优化行为价值函数,通过对训练过的神经网络输入状态,可以准确输出每个行为的价值,然后再根据行为价值的大小来选择最优的驾驶策略。     

转轴径向运动误差干涉测量的信号处理方法

转轴径向运动误差是转轴的重要误差项之一,严重影响数控机床等转轴相关设备的精度和性能。利用激光干涉配合伺服转轴可以实现转轴径向运动误差的测量,但由于待测转轴和伺服转轴的自身转速不匀、伺服响应延迟、跟踪不稳等原因,干涉测量信号存在持续微幅相位抖动,进而造成非线性误差难以有效修正,相位解算精度不高,测量误差大。针对这一问题,提出一种零值截取-阈值判定的干涉信号处理方法,成功消除了相位抖动的影响。设计并搭建了一套转轴径向运动误差的激光干涉测量装置,针对实测信号的处理结果表明,相比于传统修正方法,文中提出的修正方法使得转轴径向运动误差干涉测量信号解算的重复性由4.8 μm减小到0.2 μm,与标准仪器的对比误差由3.5 μm降为2 μm。     

Improve the quality of charging services for rechargeable wireless sensor networks by deploying a mobile vehicle with multiple removable chargers

Wireless Networks - The increasing demand for real-time applications of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) makes Quality of Service (QoS)-based charging scheduling models an interesting and hot...     

A rear-end collision risk assessment model based on drivers’ collision avoidance process under influences of cell phone use and gender—A driving simulator based study

Driver’s collision avoidance performance has a direct link to the collision risk and crash severity. Previous studies demonstrated that the distracted driving, such as using a cell phone while driving, disrupted the driver’s performance on road. This study aimed to investigate the manner and extent to which cell phone use and driver’s gender affected driving performance and collision risk in a rear-end collision avoidance process. Forty-two licensed drivers completed the driving simulation experiment in three phone use conditions: no phone use, hands-free, and hand-held, in which the drivers drove in a car-following situation with potential rear-end collision risks caused by the leading vehicle’s sudden deceleration. Based on the experiment data, a rear-end collision risk assessment model was developed to assess the influence of cell phone use and driver’s gender. The cell phone use and driver’s gender were found to be significant factors that affected the braking performances in the rear-end collision avoidance process, including the brake reaction time, the deceleration adjusting time and the maximum deceleration rate. The minimum headway distance between the leading vehicle and the simulator during the rear-end collision avoidance process was the final output variable, which could be used to measure the rear-end collision risk and judge whether a collision occurred. The results showed that although cell phone use drivers took some compensatory behaviors in the collision avoidance process to reduce the mental workload, the collision risk in cell phone use conditions was still higher than that without the phone use. More importantly, the results proved that the hands-free condition did not eliminate the safety problem associated with distracted driving because it impaired the driving performance in the same way as much as the use of hand-held phones. In addition, the gender effect indicated that although female drivers had longer reaction time than male drivers in critical situation, they were more quickly in braking with larger maximum deceleration rate, and they tended to keep a larger safety margin with the leading vehicle compared to male drivers. The findings shed some light on the further development of advanced collision avoidance technologies and the targeted intervention strategies about cell phone use while driving.     

Assessment of mechanical properties of concrete incorporating carbonated recycled concrete aggregates

An accelerated carbonation technique was employed to strengthen the quality of recycled concrete aggregates (RCAs) in this study. The properties of the carbonated RCAs and their influence on the mechanical properties of new concrete were then evaluated. Two types of RCAs, an old type of RCAs sourced from demolished old buildings and a new type of RCAs derived from a designed concrete mixture, were used. The chosen RCAs were firstly carbonated for 24 h in a carbonation chamber with a 100% CO₂ concentration at a pressure level of 0.1 Bar and 5.0 Bar, respectively. The experimental results showed that the properties of RCAs were improved after the carbonation treatment. This resulted in performance enhancement of the new concrete prepared with the carbonated RCAs, especially an obvious increase of the mechanical strengths for the concrete prepared with the 100% carbonated new RCAs. Moreover, the replacement percentage of natural aggregates by the carbonated RCAs can be increased to 60% with an insignificant reduction in the mechanical properties of the new concrete.     

Crystal structure of Cr4AlB4: A new MAB phase compound discovered in Cr-Al-B system

In this communication, the crystal structure of Cr_4AlB_4, a new MAB phase compound(where M is a transition metal, A is Al or Si, B is boron) discovered in Cr-Al-B system is reported. This new MAB phase was synthesized from a mixture of CrB and Al powders at 1000?C and its crystal structure was determined by a combination of X-ray diffraction, first-principles calculations and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy(EDS). Cr_4AlB_4 crystallizes in an orthorhombic structure with Immm space group. The lattice constants are a = 2.9343(6) ?, b = 18.8911(0) ?, c = 2.9733(7) ?, and the atomic positions are Cr1 at 4 g(0, 0.2936(5),0), Cr2 at 4 h(0.5, 0.5859(7), 0), Al at 2 b(0, 0.5, 0.5), B1 at 4 h(0, 0.3839(8), 0.5) and B2 at 4 g(0.5, 0.6646(2),0.5).