Optimal control of wheel loader actuators in gravel applications

The paper is about finding the global optimum for a wheel loader work cycle in a gravel application. This includes simulating the gravel and extracting the trajectories for the main actuators; propulsion, lift and tilt, during the work cycle. The optimal control method is dynamic programming and the optimum is calculated with regard to fuel efficiency [ton/l] but can be weighted towards productivity [ton/h].The analytical optimal control results are compared to an extensive empirical measurement done on a wheel loader and shows around 15% higher fuel efficiency compared to the highest fuel efficiency measured among real operators.     

煤矿项目全生命周期工程造价管理

介绍了煤矿项目造价管理的发展历程,分析了目前煤矿产业的发展现状,具体说明了全生命周期工程造价管理在煤矿项目中的各个阶段的实施过程。     

Electrochemical behaviour of Ti–25Nb–3Mo–3Zr–2Sn biomedical alloy in different simulated physiological environments

The electrochemical corrosion behaviour of biomedical Ti–25Nb–3Mo–3Zr-2Sn (TLM) alloy was investigated in various simulated body fluids at 37±0·5°C utilising potentiodynamic polarisation and current–time curves. The Ti–6Al–4V (TC4) alloy was also investigated to make a comparison. The different simulated body fluids comprised of 0·9%NaCl saline, Hank’s and Ringer’s solution were employed. The effect of heat treatment on the electrochemical behaviour of the TLM alloy was also considered. It was discovered that all the test specimens were passivated once immersed into the simulated body fluids. It was also found that the TLM alloy has poorer corrosion resistance in Hank’s solution, due to the chemical composition of the Hank’s. After different heat treated, the TLM alloy had different phases and microstructure, and the corrosion behaviour of the TLM alloy was different. In this study, after the heat treatment of 760°C/1 h/AC+550°C/6 h/AC, the TLM alloy had better corrosion resistance. Owing to the corrosion resistance of the TLM alloy was influenced by numerous factors, such as microstructure and the chemical composition of electrolyte, the corrosion behaviour of the TLM alloy is complex. By comparing with the corrosion behaviour of the TC4 alloy, the TLM alloy has poorer corrosion resistant than the TC4 alloy under the same conditions. But the current–time curves of the TLM alloy were more stable than these of the TC4 alloy with further experiments, because of the more passivation film on the surface of the TLM alloy.     

Achieving the best glass former in a binary Gd–Co alloy system

In this work, the best glass former in a binary Gd–Co alloy system has been designed by thermodynamic parameter γ^⁎, which has been proved to be valid in the prediction of glass forming ability (GFA) of other binary alloys. A metastable phase has been observed in some Gd–Co melt-spun ribbons and its composition has been ascertained. By analyzing the effect of the metastable phase on the GFA of the Gd–Co binary alloys, we predict the Gd₅₀Co₅₀ alloy as the best glass former in the binary alloy system. The prediction has been confirmed by the experimental results, proving the validity of the parameter γ^⁎ in the Gd–Co binary alloys.     

粒子滤波的机载激光通信自适应参数辨识跟踪方法

机载空间激光通信是实现未来超大容量空间通信的主要途径,机载空间激光通信终端的高精度实时动态跟踪一直是其研究的难点问题。为了解决机载空间激光通信终端的机动形式多样性的问题,提出了自适应参数辨识粒子滤波方法。在连续的时间域中,基于三阶线性微分方程的参数辨识模型描述机载空间激光通信终端运动,该模型能适应机载激光通信终端的多种运动模式,粒子滤波能处理非线性/线性高斯问题,因此可以引入到参数辨识模型中。实验结果表明:该算法能改善收敛精度,对工程应用也有重要意义。     

磁流变液与电热形状记忆合金联合传动性能研究

针对磁流变液装置所产生的转矩偏小的问题,提出了一种磁流变液与电热形状记忆合金(SMA)联合传动的方法,并介绍了传动装置的工作原理。基于电热SMA弹簧力学特性,推导了温度与摩擦转矩的关系;通过有限元软件对装置进行了磁场分析,得到了环形磁流变液工作间隙磁场强度与磁流变液剪切屈服应力之间的关系,并计算得出磁流变液传递的转矩。实验结果表明：由8个SMA弹簧产生的摩擦转矩最大为1.798 N·m,励磁线圈的电流为1 A、匝数为380时,磁流变液传递的转矩为1.41 N·m。相较于单一的磁流变液传动装置产生的转矩,磁流变液与电热SMA联合传动产生的转矩为3.15 N·m,传动性能提高了1.2倍。     

Mechanical behavior of Ce0.9Gd0.1O1.95-La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3−δ oxygen electrode with a coral microstructure for solid oxide fuel cell and solid oxide electrolyzer cell

The objective of this work is to investigate the mechanical behavior of CGO-LSCF composite developed by electrostatic spray deposition as an oxygen electrode for Solid Oxide Fuel Cell and Solid Oxide Electrolysis Cell. The coating is characterized by a highly porous morphology designated coral microstructure. Its mechanical behavior was studied by scratch and ultramicroindentation tests and a model of material degradation under progressive compressive loading has been proposed. The coral's damage mechanism involves three regimes: at very low loads stresses are concentrated at the tips of individual corals that fracture and fill the spaces between corals (regime I); as load increases, generalized fracture of the corals occurs and the material starts compacting into an increasingly dense layer (regime II); finally, at the highest loads, the material behaves like an almost fully dense (regime III). As load increases during testing porosity decreases from about 60 to about 5 vol% in the compacted material. The transitions between regimes are associated to increases in the contact stress and the same damage mechanism is found during scratching and indentation. Hardness increases from about 2–100 MPa, while the Young's modulus varies in the range 1–18 GPa, as the porosity decreases. Calculations of the real contact pressure during loading allowed estimating a yield stress of 83 MPa that can be considered as a low limit for the materials fracture strength.     

基于深度学习特征匹配的铸件微小缺陷自动定位方法

针对射线实时成像检测中精密铸件微小缺陷自动定位的需要,提出一种基于深度学习特征匹配的铸件缺陷三维定位方法。模拟选择注意机制的中央-周边差算法,提出以视觉显著度为尺度,从射线图像复杂背景中检测出微小缺陷及其区域,以定义的区域中央点为待匹配点;然后,提出构造深度卷积神经网络自动提取微小缺陷区域的深度学习特征,通过深度学习特征矢量的相似度,实现在不同视角下投影图像中的同一微小缺陷点的自动匹配;最后,基于平移视差测距原理计算缺陷匹配点的三维空间坐标。实验表明,基于深度学习特征匹配的方法能够正确搜索平移前后投影图像中的同一缺陷点,以此为基础,利用视差测距原理实现了微小缺陷匹配点的自动准确定位,深度定位误差小于5.52%,能够满足对精密铸件微小缺陷智能评判的需要。     

寄生式时栅传感器动态测量误差的贝叶斯建模

为了提高寄生式时栅传感器的测量精度,分析了它的工作原理和动态误差组成,得到其主要误差分量为常值误差、周期误差和随机误差等。针对寄生式时栅误差特点,建立了寄生式时栅动态误差高精度预测模型,并与其他建模方法进行了比较。选用插入标准值的贝叶斯预测模型,以实际测量的传感器第一个对极动态误差数据进行建模,在后续对极特定位置插入部分实际误差测量数据,建立误差预测模型,预测了传感器后83个对极的动态误差。另选用三次样条插值和BP神经网络建模方法对寄生式时栅整圈动态误差建模,并与建立的误差模型进行了对比。验证实验表明,三次样条插值建模时间最短(0.62s),但其建模精度不高(16.050 0″);贝叶斯动态模型建模时间(0.86s)略长于三次样条插值,但建模精度最高(0.415 3″);BP神经网络建模时间最长(32min),但建模精度最低(19.680 2″)。同时贝叶斯插入标准值建模方法所需数据点(69395个)远少于三次样条和BP神经网络建模数据点(235526个),节省了大量的标定时间和建模数据量,因此可用于寄生式时栅传感器的动态测量误差高精度建模修正。