Co纳米线阵列的掠入射中子小角散射研究

本文采用掠入射中子小角散射（GISANS）技术,研究了沉积在多孔阳极氧化铝（AAO）模板中的Co磁性纳米线阵列的空间结构,利用计算机软件对GISANS实验进行了理论模拟,并与扫描电子显微镜（SEM）观察的结果进行比较。结果表明,GISANS实验结果、GISANS理论模拟结果和SEM实验结果三者相吻合。纳米线直径约为60 nm,纳米线中心平均距离约为121 nm,垂直于样品表面相互平行排列,在样品平面内呈现出二维局域六角有序排布。本工作证明了GISANS实验技术结合计算机理论模拟,是研究纳米线阵列及类似纳米体系的有力手段。     

Micromechanical properties and microstructural evolution of Amosic-3 SiC/SiC composites irradiated by silicon ions

In this work, Amosic-3 SiC/SiC composites were irradiated to 10 dpa and 115 dpa with 300 keV Si ions at 300 °C. To evaluate its irradiation behaviour and investigate the underlying mechanism, nanoindentation, AFM, Raman and electron microscopy were utilized. Nanoindentation showed that although micromechanical properties declined after irradiation, hardness and Young’s modulus were maintained better under 115 dpa. AFM manifested differential swelling among PyC interface, fiber and matrix and SEM showed irradiation-induced partial interface debonding, which are both more obvious under 115 dpa. TEM revealed the generation and proliferation of amorphous regions, which is according with the decline and broadening of peaks in Raman spectra. The material was almost completely amorphous after irradiated to 10 dpa while recrystallization occurred under 115 dpa. All results mentioned above contribute to the decline of hardness and Young’s modulus and may explain why the micromechanical degradation was more significant under 10 dpa.     

石英砂粒径大小对甲烷水合物形成及分布的影响

为了研究不同粒径多孔介质体系中甲烷水合物的形成,本文采用粒径分别为0.075~0.5mm、0.5~1mm、1~2mm和2~3mm的石英砂作为多孔介质,在初始压力7.0MPa、温度0.5℃条件下进行水合物形成实验并进行取样观察、分层分解,得出不同粒径大小石英砂中甲烷水合物形成及分布的特征。结果表明：随着石英砂粒径的增大,石英砂砂体中的水合物形成量和初始水合物形成速率在逐渐减小;在粒径为0.075~0.5mm、1~2mm和2~3mm石英砂中,充气过程中水合物便开始形成,且并未出现明显的水合物大量形成阶段,而在粒径为0.5~1mm石英砂体系中出现了水合物大量形成的阶段;通过计算发现,0.5~1mm石英砂体系的气体消耗量最大,为0.47mol,2~3mm石英砂体系的气体消耗量最小,仅为0.05mol;在这4种粒径的石英砂体表面的甲烷水合物主要以分散状均匀分布于颗粒之间或胶结成块,但这一观察结果与通过分解的方法所得到的石英砂上部水合物形成量大于下部的结果存在差异;重复实验也发现,仅在粒径为0.5~1mm石英砂顶部出现了水合物大量富集的现象,因此推断认为在一定粒径的介质体系同时上部存在较大空隙时,水合物有可能会在空隙中大量富集存在。这一实验结果对自然环境中水合物的赋存区域及形态的预测具有一定的参考价值。     

The superlattice structure and self-adaptive performance of C–Ti/MoS2 composite coatings

To improve the self-adaptability of MoS₂ coating in different environments, the coatings were doped with functional C and Ti by unbalanced magnetron sputtering system. The clear superlattice structure with minimal modulation period was investigated by High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscope (HRTEM). The co-doped coatings have better mechanical properties due to the special structure and the formation of C–Mo, Ti–S and Ti–O bonds, and better lubrication performance in both high humidity and vacuum than those of the single-doped ones. The doped Ti not only facilitates the formation of the MoS₂ (002) basal plane, but also improves the oxidation resistance of the composite film. The degree of friction-induced graphitization on the wear tracks and the quality of transfer films on the wear scars are key factors affecting the lubrication performance of the composite film. In the high-humidity environment, the reasonable doping elements can promote the formation the high-quality transfer film by interacting with H₂O water molecules, which will benefit the lubrication of the coating better. Our findings deepen the understanding of MoS₂ composite coating and provide a new solution for improving the self-adaptability of the coating.     

MWCNTs-GONRs/Co3O4 electrode with needle-like arrays for outstanding supercapacitors

Multiwalled carbon nanotubes-graphene oxide nanoribbons (MWCNTs-GONRs) exhibit high specific surface area and good electroconductivity because of their unique three-dimensional cross-linking structure with the properties of both CNTs and GONRs. In this study, a hydrothermal method was employed to anchor MWCNTs–GONRs onto a Ni foam (NF) to obtain a precursor substrate. Subsequently, Co₃O₄ arrays were grown on the NF substrate to synthesize a MWCNTs–GONR/Co₃O₄ electrode. The electrode showed a capacitance of 846.2 F g⁻¹ at 1 A g⁻¹ and a capacitance retention of 90.1% after 3000 cycles. Furthermore, MWCNTs–GONRs/Co₃O₄ and active carbon (AC) were used as the positive and negative electrodes, respectively, to assemble a supercapacitor, which delivered a maximum energy density of 38.23 W h kg⁻¹ and a high power density of 6.80 kW kg⁻¹. In addition, the specific capacitance of the device reached a maximum of 91.5% after 9000 cycles. Thus, the MWCNTs–GONRs/Co₃O₄ electrode showed huge potential for supercapacitor applications.     

Ceramic shell moulds with zircon filler and colloidal silica binder for investment casting of shrouded low-pressure turbine blades

Zircon (ZrO₂·SiO₂) powder filler and colloidal silica binder were used to prepare the ceramic shell moulds for investment casting of shrouded low-pressure turbine blades (LPTB). Ceramic slurries were prepared by using two types of colloidal silica binders (polymer-free binder A and polymer-containing binder B). The samples prepared from binder B showed lesser self-load sag values than those developed from binder A. Ceramic shell moulds made from an optimized slurry composition (having binder A) yielded aeronautical grade casting of blades at 1500 °C with required dimensional accuracy and average surface roughness (Ra). The blades cast from shell moulds (having binder B) showed dimensional accuracy at 1500 °C as well as at 1525 °C. The Ra values of blades cast at 1500 °C and 1525 °C by using shell system with binder B were observed to be higher than those cast from shell system having binder A.     

Mechanical properties and thermal stability of porous polyimide/hollow mesoporous silica nanoparticles composite films prepared by using polystyrene microspheres as the pore-forming template

The porous polyimide/hollow mesoporous silica nanoparticles (PI/HMSNs) composite films were fabricated via blending polymerization by using polystyrene (PS) microspheres as the pore-forming template. The morphologies, microstructures, thermal stability, thermal expansion coefficient (TEC), and mechanical performances of the porous PI/HMSNs films were characterized in detail. Results showed that the uniform dispersion of HMSNs benefits from the strong hydrogen-bonding interaction between the hydroxyl groups of HMSNs and poly(amic acid) chains. Both weight loss and TEC of the porous PI/HMSNs films are lower than those of the pure porous PI film. When 0.8 wt % HMSNs and 7.0 wt % PS were added into the PI matrix, the Young's modulus and tensile strength of composite film increased by about 32.4% and 68.1% compared with those of the pure porous PI film. Conclusively, the introduction of HMSNs in the porous PI matrix is an important strategy to enrich the diversity of porous structure, improve the thermal and mechanical properties of the porous PI material simultaneously. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020 , 137, 48792.     

Low temperature synthesis of plate-like Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3 via molten salt method

In this study, plate-like Na_0.5Bi_0.5TiO₃ (BNT) templates with perovskite structure were obtained by two-step molten salt synthesis (MSS) method at a low temperature. Firstly, Bi₄Ti₃O₁₂ precursors were synthesized at 1030 °C in NaCl–KCl molten salt. Secondly, plate-like Na_0.5Bi_0.5TiO₃ particles with perovskite structure were obtained from plate-like layer-structured ferroelectric ceramic of Bi₄Ti₃O₁₂ by topochemical microcrystal conversion method. Result showed that excessive Na₂CO₃ was beneficial to facilitate the low temperature synthesis. In the case of an excess of 30 mol% Na₂CO₃, plate-like BNT particles could be obtained by synthesis at temperatures ranging from 760 °C to 800 °C, which indicated a flexible processing route. Also, it has been observed that plate-like BNT particles show a high aspect ratio with 1 μm in thickness and 10–20 μm in length. These Na_0.5Bi_0.5TiO₃ plate-like particles can be good candidates for the preparation of lead-free BNT-based piezoelectric ceramics with oriented grain microstructure.     

Effect of ZrO2 nanoparticles addition to PEO coatings on Ti–6Al–4V substrate: Microstructural analysis,corrosion behavior and antibacterial effect of coatings in Hank's physiological solution

In this study, plasma electrolyte oxidation (PEO) method was employed to modify the surface of Ti–6Al–4V. Effects of different concentrations of ZrO₂ nanoparticles (0, 1, 3 and 5 g/l) into a phosphate-based electrolyte on the morphology, wettability, antibacterial and corrosion behaviors of coatings were investigated. Microstructural analyses of coatings were evaluated using scanning electron microscopy with an energy dispersive spectrometer. Also, X-ray diffraction, contact angle instrument and profilometry were respectively used to perform phase analysis, wettability, and surface roughness of the coatings. The antibacterial test was conducted with spot inoculation method on four pathogenic bacteria. Polarization and impedance spectroscopy measurements were performed in Hank's solution to investigate the corrosion behavior of coatings. The results revealed that PEO coatings without nanoparticles and by increasing the concentration of the ZrO₂ nanoparticles up to 3 g/l in the electrolyte led to a significant improvement in the antibacterial activities of gram-negative bacteria (P. aeruginosa and E. Coli). In the case of gram-positive bacteria, the PEO coated samples demonstrated improved antibacterial effects but addition of ZrO₂ nanoparticles in the PEO coatings resulted in deterioration of antibacterial effect. The sample coated with 3 g/l ZrO₂ nanoparticles showed the peak corrosion resistance compared to its counterparts.     

Thermal annealing characteristics of solar selective absorber coatings based on nano-multilayered MoOx films

Designing double metal-dielectric (cermet) solar selective absorber coatings (SSACs) often requires complex co-sputtering techniques with multiple targets. This inevitably limits the simple and low-cost industrial fabrication. Here, we develop novel nano-multilayered MoO_x-based SSACs by simple and stable one-step reactive magnetron sputtering process using single molybdenum target. The proposed multilayer SSACs exhibit good solar absorptance of 0.93 and low thermal emittance of 0.06. Owing to the temperature-induced oxygen diffusion and oxidation phenomenon the as-sputtered SSACs have a poor thermal tolerance under air atmosphere, and after annealing at 200 °C for 150 h, the resulting absorptance is diminished from 0.93 to 0.90. However, the optical performance of the annealed SSAC is relatively stable in high-vacuum environment, even after annealing at 450 °C for 200 h, it still displays an ideal spectral selectivity of 0.92/0.07. With above properties, the resulting MoO_x-based SSAC is a promising absorber for enduring thermal harvesting in solar vacuum collectors.