热泵干燥可可豆品质的研究

本文主要针对热泵干燥在恒温和分段变温情况下对马来西亚可可豆品质的提高进行了研究。可可豆品质与热风干燥条件下的可可豆以及加纳可可豆和市售可可豆样本（马来西亚和印度尼西亚）进行比较。总体而雷,品质评估表明热泵干燥的可可豆品质比市售样品有明显的改善。就酸性程度和较高的褐变程度而雷,由逐步升温干燥所得的可可豆品质较高。热泵干燥样品的风味与加纳样品相当,优于市售样品。经逐步升温干燥制得的可可豆样品香味最浓,而且酸度、苦味和涩味适中。研究表明,使用热泵干燥对提高可可加工中可可豆的品质是可行的。     

Modeling and Optimization of Lipozyme RM IM-Catalyzed Esterification of Medium- and Long-Chain Triacyglycerols (MLCT) Using Response Surface Methodology

Optimization conditions of Lipozyme RM IM lipase esterification of capric and stearic acids with glycerol for the production of medium- and long-chain triacyglycerols (MLCT) fat suitable for food applications such as margarine and shortening were investigated. Response surface methodology (RSM) was applied to model and optimize the reaction conditions, namely, the reaction time (8–24 h), enzyme load (5–15 wt.%), and fatty acids/glycerol ratio (3:1–4:1) and represented by Ti, En, and Sb, respectively. Best-fitting models were successfully established for both MLCT yield (R ² = 0.9507) and residual FFA (R ² = 0.9315) established by multiple regressions with backward elimination. Optimal reaction conditions were 13.6–14.0 h for reaction time, 7.9–8.0 wt.% for enzyme load, and 3:1 for fatty acids/glycerol molar ratio. Chi-square test showed that there were no significant (P > 0.05) differences between the observed and predicted values of both models. Refined MLCT fat blend had sufficient solid fat at room temperature and made it suitable to use as a hard stock in shortening and margarine production.     

The Impact of Experience and Perception on the Efficiency of E-procurement in Malaysia

The technology of E-procurement becomes more popular in many developed countries due to its accuracy in decision making for big projects that enhance the public bidding process for development projects in any country. The experience of employees who operate the system of E-procurement and the perception of users who bid for projects are essential to ensure the efticiency of procurement and the whole bidding process for public projects. This paper examined the impact of employee＇s experience on the efficiency of E-procurement systems in public agencies. In addition, we attempt to examine the perception factor of using E-procurement systems with regard to users in the seller side. A survey was conducted to identify the impact of experience and perception on the efficiency towards adoption and use of E-procurement system among users who working in firms participated in online bidding for public agencies projects, and employees who are working in E-procurement department in government administrations Malaysian government. A total of 80 questionnaires were collected and the data were analyzed to look at the level of the impact of experience and perception in E-procurement users. The general findings indicate a positive attitude experience and perception among the users in using the E-procurement.     

Architecture design of a user-orientated electronic laboratory notebook: A case study within an atmospheric chemistry community

Data is particularly valuable to scientists when details of its provenance are known. This research concerned deploying a user-orientated electronic laboratory notebook (ELN) system within a scientific community. The ELN system supported the capture and retrieval of semantic metadata describing the provenance of the modelling activities of scientists within that community. The research was grounded within the atmospheric chemistry community but has applicability to other communities using an iterative model development process. The ELN system involved the automatic capture of metadata concerning the modelling process together with inline annotations added by the modeller explaining the reasoning for modelling decisions at each step of the process. A full realisation of the ELN system was built and evaluated by members of the atmospheric chemistry community. In order to promote reusability the ELN system architecture had domain-independent as well as domain-dependent elements. An ontology (in OWL) was used to ensure that the specific terminology of the community was used within the provenance metadata and also that it was used consistently. Other domain-independent elements of the architecture included a dynamic graphic interface that allowed the modeller to view his/her modelling history. This was recorded as a set of nodes each pointing to the stored provenance metadata associated with a specific simulation run. In addition, there was an innovative mechanism that enabled the modeller to navigate through the various nodes. The navigation process supported making comparisons between different nodes: a facility that users found particularly valuable. Members of the atmospheric chemistry community took part in a two-day summative evaluation of the ELN system. This confirmed its value to the modellers and it is now being introduced more widely across the modelling community. In addition, the research proposes a methodology for transferring this ELN system to other modelling communities making use of the domain-independent elements of the architecture.     

Optimized 2.4 GHz voltage controlled oscillator with a high-Q MWCNT network-based pulse-shaped inductor

This paper focuses on the use of a high-Q Multi-Wall Carbon Nano-Tube (MWCNT)-based pulse-shaped inductor in the implementation of an LC differential voltage-controlled oscillator (LCVCO). The topology integrates a micro-scaled capacitor and a MWCNT network-based inductor together with the CMOS circuits. The CMOS circuits were designed to enhance the quality factor and to control the oscillation amplitude. The high quality factor of the inductor improves the overall quality factor and phase noise of the oscillator. The measurement results show that the LCVCO operates at 2.3982 GHz and achieves a phase noise of ?133.3 dBc/Hz at 1 MHz away from the carrier frequency. The VCO produces frequency tuning from 2.07 GHz to 2.77 GHz (29.16%) with an ultra low power consumption of 1.7 mW from a 0.6 V supply voltage. The output power level of the VCO is ?10 dBm, with an improved quality factor of 49.