基于Contourlet变换域统计模型的路面图像去噪算法

提出了一种基于Contourlet变换域统计模型的图像去噪算法,用于复杂背景下的路面病害图像,可以获得较为清晰的裂纹病害信息。利用χ2统计假设检验方法得出Contourlet变换系数近似服从拉普拉斯分布,进而应用最大后验贝叶斯估计推导出对含噪图像Contourlet系数的萎缩公式。实验结果表明,该算法能较好地实现噪声抑制和信号保留间的平衡,与小波去噪算法比较,其去噪后图像的信噪比提高4 dB。     

Gold nanoparticle superlattices self-assembled at a solid/liquid interface

Three-dimensional superlattices of gold nanoparticles were self-assembled at a highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG)/water interface under a strongly acidic condition. The surface of the gold nanoparticles is protected by mercaptosuccinic acid (MSA). The small angle X-ray diffraction (SAXD) pattern proved the presence of a large unit cell due to superlattice formation. The faceted morphology of the superlattices studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was another indication of their crystalline nature. Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) was used to investigate the surface image of the superlattices, demonstrating a well-ordered hexagonal arrangement of nanoparticles. Geometrical optimization using PM3 molecular orbital calculations suggested that CH/π interactions between the protonated form of MSA and HOPG surface would contribute to the initial-stage adsorption of the nanoparticles.     

Interferential lithography of 1D thin metallic sinusoidal gratings: Accurate control of the profile for azimuthal angular dependent plasmonic effects and applications

Nonlinear processes involved in the manufacture of nominally sinusoidal surface relief diffraction gratings generated by interference lithography can introduce distortions into the profile of these surfaces. Such distortions may dramatically affect both the specular reflectivity and diffracted efficiencies from such a surface [H. Raether, Phys. Thin Film 9 (1977) 145–261]. We shall consider in particular the case of metallic gratings used to investigate plasmonic effects that can be engineered for bio-sensing applications. To investigate these effects, interference lithography (IL) has been used for the generation of profile controlled sinusoidal plasmonic crystals. IL exposure contrast study has been performed to control the amplitude oscillation and the surface roughness quality. Bi-metallic layer of silver and gold have been systematically deposited with different film thicknesses. A comprehensive numerical model that studies the optical coupling to surface plasmon polaritons on Ag/Au gratings has been undertaken for the simulation of the reflectivity and azimuthal angle dependence [Z. Chen, I.R. Hooper, J.R. Sambles, J. Opt. A: Pure Appl. Opt. 10 (1) (2008) 015007]. This computation illustrates the sensitivity of individual features to specific harmonic components of the surface, for surface plasmon resonances recorded in both the zeroth and higher diffracted orders. The roughness surface control after development and after bi-metallic evaporation strongly contributes to tighten the width of the reflectivity peak. Optimization process has shown that for an Ag (37 nm) and Au (7 nm) metallic bilayer, a semi-amplitude of 20 nm provides the best reflectivity.     

Understanding the potential and limitations of HfAlO as interpoly dielectric in floating-gate Flash memory

Introduction of high-k dielectrics in Flash memory is seen as a must for the upcoming technology nodes. Hafnium aluminate (HfAlO) has been identified as a possible candidate for implementing the interpoly dielectric in floating gate memory. In this work, we establish a link between the material morphology and its electrical response, allowing to understand memory device behavior and to consequently assess the potential and limitations of HfAlO as IPD in a memory cell.     

Synthesis and characterization of monodispersed BaSO4/Y2O3:Eu3+ core–shell submicrospheres

Spherical BaSO₄ particles have been coated with Y₂O₃:Eu³⁺ phosphor layers (BaSO₄/Y₂O₃:Eu³⁺) by the wet chemical method. X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy dipersive spectroscopy (EDS), photoluminescence spectra were utilized to characterize the BaSO₄/Y₂O₃:Eu³⁺ core–shell-structured phosphor particles. The obtained core–shell phosphors consist of well dispersed submicron spherical particles with narrow size distribution. XRD result shows that no reaction occurred between the BaSO₄ cores and the Y₂O₃:Eu³⁺ shells even after annealing at 1400 °C. TEM and EDS results show that BaSO₄ particles are well coated with the shell of Y₂O₃:Eu³⁺. The BaSO₄/Y₂O₃:Eu³⁺ core–shell particles show a red emission corresponding to ⁵D₀?⁷F₂ of Eu³⁺ under the excitation of ultraviolet.     

Advanced lanthanide doped upconversion nanomaterials for lasing emission

Microlasers are narrow-band and coherent light from small cavities, which have been widely applied in biomedicine, optical interconnection, integration devices, etc. Lanthanide doped upconversion materials are potential gain media for microlasers from near infrared (NIR) to visible and UV regimes due to their multi ladder-like metastable energy levels and superior optical frequency conversion capability. The optical feedback from photon scattering of the porous upconversion nanoparticles clusters has been reported to produce upconversion random lasers. The light bouncing back and forth between two reflective surfaces or internal surface has been utilized to achieve modulated upconversion lasing emission. In addition, photon lattices and plasmonic cavities with enhanced electromagnetic fields can amplify the upconversion process within the sub-diffraction volumes and produce highly efficient upconverting lasers. In this review, the recent advances on using lanthanide doped upconversion materials for random, whispering gallery mode (WGM)/Fabry-Perot (FP) cavity and photon lattice/plasmonic cavity modulated upconversion microlasers are overviewed. Current challenges and future directions of the upconverting lasers are also discussed.     

体声波滤波器自动布局工具的设计开发

为了实现体声波（BAW）滤波器版图的自动排布和构建滤波器的三维模型,开发了一款体声波滤波器自动布局工具。根据文献提出的BAW梯形滤波器布局设计流程,基于.NET平台,使用C#语言,创建生成滤波器版图的功能界面。根据输入的薄膜体声波谐振器(FBAR)个数和面积大小生成对应的多边形外接圆,通过FBARs的串并联连接情况,生成放置外接圆的位置,并生成多边形。生成多边形后,用户只需对其进行微调(拖动、旋转等),即可在保证滤波器性能的情况下,得到面积尽可能小的版图。在所完成的滤波器版图基础上,根据滤波器的结构参数和建模方式, 在AutoCAD中导入写好的动态链接库,创建生成滤波器三维模型的功能界面。输入FBAR膜层厚度等参数后,软件自动生成滤波器的三维模型。并自动保存为可导入电磁仿真软件的dwg文件或sat文件,方便滤波器的电磁仿真。设计开发过程中所用滤波器的结构参数等即为该文验证所设计软件的案例。证明了所开发软件的可行性。即软件在保证滤波器性能的情况下,最大限度地缩小版图面积,提高滤波器在晶圆上的面积利用率,且节省了滤波器设计人员的时间和精力。     

无线局域网室外覆盖路径损耗计算分析及规划布局建议

介绍了无线局域网(WLAN)所用IEEE 802.11x标准的技术特点和频率特性,选择修正的COST231 HATA无线信号传播模型对信号路径损耗进行计算,以图表的形式描述了WLAN所在频段(2.4 G-Hz)的空间信道衰落特征.通过计算得出结论:随着传输距离和AP/STA天线高度差的增加,WLAN无线信道路径损耗将迅...     

峰值电流模式控制非理想Buck变换器系统建模

为提高开关变换器系统建模的精度,减少模型与实际电路之间的偏差,更好地指导系统芯片设计,基于能量守恒法和开关元件平均建模法,考虑各元件等效寄生参数及电感电流纹波等非理想因素的影响,加之输出电流波动对电路性能的影响,建立包含输出阻抗的非理想Buck变换器功率级小信号模型。在此基础上,对峰值电流模式控制非理想Buck变换器的控制环路进行了非理想参数建模,最终建立起整个峰值电流模式控制的非理想Buck变换器系统小信号模型。通过模型分析以及在Matlab中的仿真可以看出,所建模型直观、有效、实用,且物理意义清晰,能够更加准确地反映实际电路的工作情况。