温轧FeCrAl钢退火组织演变对力学性能的影响

摘要：研究采用电子背散射衍射技术（EBSD）对温轧及退火态Fe-13Cr-4.5Al-2.2Mo-1.1Nb（质量分数,%）钢的织构、晶界类型和Laves相进行了表征,并讨论了对力学性能的影响。结果表明,300℃温轧变形,70% 的样品出现显著的变形不均匀组织,利用Taylor因子解释了不均匀变形特征,晶粒取向以变形织构α、γ和<100>//ND为主,比例分别为43.3%、39.0%和17.1%,屈服强度和抗拉强度为1298.1MPa和1371.6MPa,伸长率4%。750～800℃退火30～60min后,再结晶晶粒尺寸小于10μm,γ织构比例减少至11.9%～15.5%,此时屈服强度为790～860MPa,抗拉强度为840～890MPa,伸长率为20%左右。1000℃退火5min后再结晶晶粒明显长大,γ织构增加至39.1%,此时屈服强度、抗拉强度和伸长率分别为567.7MPa、800.7MPa和25.6%。1000℃时随退火时间增加,γ织构增加至50%以上,Laves相的钉扎是γ织构增加的原因。600℃温轧的微观组织和300℃温轧的类似,但屈服强度和抗拉强度略有下降,伸长率增加。     

核电耐事故锆包壳表面涂层研究进展

锆合金表面涂层作为一种短期内最易于实现商业化工程应用的耐事故包壳材料,已成为国际上新型核电燃料元件研发的热点。综述了近年锆包壳表面涂层研究已取得的重要研究成果。阐述了锆合金表面涂层材料的发展,包括MAX相、Cr系、陶瓷和FeCrAl合金等,重点分析了金属Cr因易于获得高质量涂层,且具有优异的耐腐蚀、耐高温氧化等性能,成为耐事故锆包壳表面涂层的首选材料。讨论了锆合金表面Cr涂层沉积技术的发展,包括物理气相沉积法、冷喷涂、激光熔覆和等离子喷涂等,着重分析了不同的科研机构均形成了各自的涂层锆管研发路线。评价了锆包壳表面Cr涂层的关键应用性能,重点分析了高温氧化–脆化、腐蚀、环压、磨损以及高温爆破等条件下的表面涂层效应。水蒸气环境中表面Cr涂层可有效阻止氧元素向锆基体的扩散,高温氧化–淬火后锆基体内残留了大量β–Zr相,涂层锆管仍具有一定的残余塑性;小变形工况下表面Cr涂层与锆基体间具有良好的膜基协同变形能力;Cr涂层对锆管基体具有一定的表面强化效应,一定程度上可改善涂层锆管的高温爆破性能;堆内辐照后Cr–Zr界面成分、微结构稳定性良好,21%环向肿胀后表面Cr涂层依然未剥落。最后,总结与展望了锆包壳表面Cr涂层的科研成果与研究方向。     

Loading sequence effect on fatigue life of Type 316 stainless steel

The change in fatigue life due to variable cyclic loading was investigated experimentally in order to consider the loading sequence effect in fatigue damage assessment for a component design, and the reason for the change was discussed. Strain-controlled fatigue tests, that is, two-step, surface removal two-step, repeating two-step and periodical overload tests were conducted using Type 316 stainless steel specimen in a room temperature laboratory environment. The high-low loading amplitude sequence for the two-step test, and the repeating two-step and periodical overload tests showed a shorter fatigue life than that predicted by the linear damage accumulation rule. On the other hand, the low–high loading amplitude sequence for the two-step test exhibited a longer fatigue life. The reduction in the fatigue life was mainly attributed to the change in effective strain amplitude. The fatigue life reduction due to the loading sequence effect could be assessed conservatively by determining the allowable number of cycles for effective stress amplitude. Namely, by assuming the crack mouth was fully opened in the assessment, predicted fatigue life became shorter than the experimental results. It was concluded that the margin of 1.3–2.3 should be considered in the design fatigue curve in order to take account of the reduction in fatigue life due to the loading sequence effect.     

锆合金氧化膜在真空退火过程中的氧扩散行为

针对己预腐蚀生成一定厚度氧化膜的Zr-Sn-Nb合金,研究了其在不同温度下进行真空热处理过程中的氧扩散动力学及亚稳相演变行为.结果表明,真空退火后氧化膜变薄,氧在氧化锆基体中的扩散增强,并计算了特定合金中氧的扩散系数.退火后微观化学分析表明亚稳相层厚度增加.固溶氧锆基体(Zr(O))层也明显增厚.针对该现象,讨论了对应...     

Nodular Corrosion of Zr–0.85Sn–0.16Nb–0.37Fe–0.18Cr Alloy in 500 °C Steam Caused by High-temperature Processing

Oxidation of Metals - Zr–0.85Sn–0.16Nb–0.37Fe–0.18Cr alloy samples prepared by low-temperature process&nbsp;(LTP) and high-temperature process (HTP) show different...     

Effect of Ni interlayer on partial transient liquid phase bonding of Zr–Sn–Nb alloy and 304 stainless steel

Zr–Sn–Nb alloy and 304 stainless steel were joined by means of partial transient liquid phase bonding. The effects of Ni interlayer on the microstructure and properties of the joints were investigated. The reaction layers are formed in both joints and which are mainly composed of σ-FeCr layer, Zr(Cr, Fe)₂ + α-Zr layer and α-Zr + Zr₂(Ni, Fe) layer. The intermetallic compounds are compact relatively and cracks are formed in the reaction layer of the direct bonded joint. In the joint with Ni interlayer, many α-Zr phases dispersedly exist in the reaction layer and the thickness of the reaction layer is distinctly larger than that without Ni interlayer. As a result of lower residual stresses and wider crack-free reaction layer, the bonding strength of the joint increases by using Ni interlayer.     

Characterization of Microstructure and Stress Corrosion Cracking Susceptibility in a Multi-pass Austenitic Stainless Steel Weld Joint by Narrow-Gap TIG

Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A - In the present study, correlation of the microstructure and stress corrosion cracking (SCC) susceptibility in the top, middle and root regions of a...     

Characterization and Interpretation of the Multiple Crystallographic Features of ε′ Precipitates in an Ag-Containing Mg-Sn Alloy

Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A - A novel orientation relationship (OR) between the ε′ precipitates and Mg matrix has been characterized in a Mg-Sn-Ag-Zn-Mn alloy. This OR is...     

Sn含量对N36锆合金在LiOH水溶液中耐腐蚀性能的影响

比较了N36(Zr-1Sn-1Nb-0.3Fe)及低锡N36 (Zr-0.8Sn-1Nb-0.3Fe)锆合金样品在360 ℃/18.6 MPa/0.03 mol/L LiOH 水溶液中的耐腐蚀性能,发现N36提前发生腐蚀转折,转折后腐蚀增重远高于低锡N36。观察了腐蚀转折后合金样品氧化膜形貌及物相特征,发现在氧化膜断面上形成平行于氧化膜／金属界面的裂纹,而界面氧化膜呈"菜花"状生长;与N36相比,低锡N36氧化膜形貌显示断面裂纹相对较少,界面生长的氧化膜较为平整;随腐蚀速率的增加,断面裂纹增多,界面膜呈"菜花"状凸起越严重;氧化膜中产生的裂纹与四方相的转变有关。讨论了Sn对N36合金耐腐蚀性能影响的机理,认为固溶在α-Zr中的Sn含量是引起耐腐蚀性能差别的主要原因。     

Stress and Defect Characteristics in Oxide Films and Corrosion Resistance of Zr-1Nb Alloy

Two approaches to testing corrosion in autoclave with different time intervals for heating and cooling were carried out to investigate the corrosion resistance of Zr-1Nb alloy in the 0.01 mol/L LiOH aqueous solution at 360 °C/18.6 MPa, the stress, and defect density in the oxide film. The stress and defect density in oxide film were measured by a curl method and the Ion Migration Method (IMM), respectively. Results showed that the stress level and defect density in the oxide film in the shorter interval corrosion tests were lower than that in the longer interval corrosion tests at the initial stage of corrosion with the weight gain less than 34.37 mg/dm2. The corrosion resistance in the subsequent stages of corrosion was better in the shorter interval corrosion tests. It indicates that at the initial stage of corrosion the weight gain shows no obvious difference between the two approaches of corrosion tests in autoclave under different time intervals for heating and cooling. However, the stress level and defect density in the oxide film exhibit noticeable differences, which leads to two distinct microstructural evolution rates of the oxide film. The distinct microstructural evolution rates cause different corrosion resistance in the subsequent corrosion stages.