Standing Ultrashort Relativistic Solitons in Overdense Plasmas

By using a one-dimensional self-consistent relativistic fluid model, an investigation is made numerically on relativistic electromagnetic solitons with a high intensity in cold overdense plasmas with an electrons＇ initial velocity opposite to the laser propagating direction. Two types of standing solitons with zero group velocity are found at the given electrons＇ initial velocities. One is single-humped with a weakly relativistic intensity; the another is multi-humped with a strong relativistic amplitude. The properties of these two types of solitons are presented in detail.     

Spatial anisotropy of photoelastic and acoustooptic properties in β-BaB2O4 crystals

The paper deals with the spatial anisotropy of photoelastic and acoustooptical properties in β-BaB₂O₄ (BBO) crystals. Our method is based on the construction and analysis of the indicative surfaces describing the spatial anisotropy of the longitudinal and transverse photoelastic effects. By means of the stereographic projections we have determined the maximum values of photoelastic interaction and the anisotropy power. Having the complete photoelastic tensor we calculated the effective photoelastic constant p_ef and the efficiency of isotropic and anisotropic acoustooptical diffractions (the figure of merit M) for different geometries of acoustooptical interactions. The most optimal sample geometries suitable for acoustooptical applications were determined within the computer simulations based on the optimization procedure, namely we have found the sample geometries characterizing by the maximal efficiency for the isotropic (M = 6.3 × 10⁻¹⁵ s³/kg) and anisotropic (M = 40 × 10⁻¹⁵ s³/kg) diffractions. Taking into account that BBO is known as a rather strong radiation-steady crystal it may be considered as new efficient acoustooptical material for applications in optical systems with superpower laser irradiation.     

Investigation on the luminescence of RE3+ (RE = Ce,Tb, Eu and Tm) in KMGd(PO4)2 (M = Ca,Sr) phosphates

The VUV excited luminescent properties of Ce³⁺, Tb³⁺, Eu³⁺ and Tm³⁺ in the matrices of KMGd(PO₄)₂ (M = Ca, Sr) were investigated. The bands at about 165 nm and 155 nm in the VUV excitation spectra are attributed to host lattice absorptions of the two matrices. For Ce³⁺-doped samples, the Ce³⁺ 5d levels can be identified. As for Tb³⁺-doped samples, typical 4f–5d absorption bands in the region of 175–250 nm were observed. For Eu³⁺ and Tm³⁺-doped samples, the O²⁻–Eu³⁺ and O²–Tm³⁺ CTBs are observed to be at about 229 nm and 177 nm, respectively. From the standpoints of color purity and luminescent efficiency, KCaGd(PO₄)₂:Tb³⁺ is an attractive candidate of green light PDP phosphor.     

Two-colour two-photon confocal microscopy with isotropic three-dimensional resolution and parallel excitation

We demonstrate a novel design of two-colour two-photon fluorescence microscope in which isotropic three-dimensional imaging resolution and high scanning speed can be achieved simultaneously. In our scheme, a three-dimensional optical lattice constructed by multi-beam interference is used for two-colour two-photon fluorescence excitation. Our simulation results show that a resolution of 113.5 nm can be achieved in both transverse and axial directions with two pump pulses at the wavelengths of 400 and 800 nm, respectively; meanwhile, imaging speed can be greatly improved compared with that of traditional two-photon scanning fluorescence microscopes.     

飞秒激光微加工:激光精密加工领域的新前沿

飞秒激光微加工技术具有加工精度高、热效应小、损伤阈值低以及能够实现真正的三维微结构加工等优点,这些特性是传统的激光加工技术所无法取代的。首先回顾了激光微加工和超短脉冲激光技术的发展历史,然后介绍超短脉冲激光与金属和介质材料相互作用的机制,接着阐述了飞秒激光直写、干涉和投影制备等各种加工方法的原理,重点讨论飞秒激光在三维光子器件集成、微流体芯片制备及其在生化传感方面的应用等,最后展望了飞秒激光微加工领域所面临的机遇和挑战,指出了未来的研究方向。     

皮秒自相关仪的性能测试研究

为了实现皮秒拍瓦激光的精密测试,研制了专用的皮秒自相关仪。选用无色散元件,提高了测量结果的可靠性。采用自标定方法标定时间分辨率,用超限法标定时间测量范围,用极值法标定脉冲响应特性。实验结果表明,皮秒自相关仪的时间分辨率为0.1ps/pixel,时间测量范围为26ps,脉冲响应特性的值为300fs。该皮秒自相关仪能够满足皮秒啁啾脉冲的时间宽度精密测试要求。     

EPR study of defects produced by MeV Ag ion implantation into silicon

The damage produced by implanting (1 1 1) Si wafers with 4 MeV Ag ions at implantation temperatures of 210, 350 and 400 K has been investigated by electron paramagnetic resonance as a function of implantation fluence in the range 5 × 10¹²–2 × 10¹⁵ Ag cm⁻². For each implantation temperature, at low ion fluences the EPR spectra show the presence of the point defect centres Si-P3 (neutral 4-vacancy) and Si-P6 (di-interstitial) as well the so-called Σ defect complexes. As the implantation fluence is raised the population of P3 centres goes through a maximum while the Σ centre resonance is gradually replaced by the spectrum of the well-known Si-D centre of a-Si. For implantation at 210 K the total Σ+D centre concentration increases linearly with implantation fluence up to the point at which an amorphous layer is formed; however raising the implantation temperature causes the dependence of the Σ+D concentration on implantation fluence to become increasingly sublinear with the result that the production of a given level of damage requires a larger implantation fluence. The results are discussed in the context of a previous study of the implantation damage in the same samples by optical reflectivity depth profiling [Mat. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. 540 (1999) 31].     

Raman spectroscopy and luminescent properties of ZnO nanostructures fabricated by femtosecond laser pulses

In this paper, we report the laser-induced periodic structure with different spatial characteristics on the surface of polished ZnO single-crystalline by high repetition rate femtosecond laser pulses. This study demonstrates that, using different laser parameters and irradiation conditions, ZnO nanoripples and nanorods were successfully prepared. We have investigated the surface by means of scanning electron microscope (SEM), Raman scattering and photoluminescence (PL). We propose that second-order harmonic has a strong influence on the formation of nanostructures.     

Extension of imaging depth in two-photon fluorescence microscopy using a long-wavelength high-pulse-energy femtosecond laser source

We experimentally demonstrate, for the first time to the best of our knowledge, two-photon fluorescence imaging with a femtosecond optical parametric amplifier. In particular, we systematically compare the imaging depths of two-photon fluorescence microscopes based on three different excitation sources, including a femtosecond oscillator, a femtosecond regenerative amplifier and the optical parametric amplifier. The results show that the optical parametric amplifier can greatly extend the penetration depth by approximately 227% as compared with that obtained with the femtosecond oscillator due to effective suppression of scattering at longer wavelength and enhanced excitation efficiency enabled by higher pulse energy.     

中红外超强超短激光研究进展（特邀）

近年来,可调谐中红外新波段超强超短激光的出现与迅速发展,开辟了强场物理领域中迄今仍很少探索过的参量空间,为开拓超强超短激光与物质相互作用的新物理、新效应及新应用提供了新机遇。文中总结了中红外超强超短激光近年来的发展趋势与研究方向。针对光参量放大、光参量啁啾脉冲放大、中红外脉冲后压缩以及中红外新型光场调控技术4个研究方向,较全面地分析各自的国内外研究现状,并对未来中红外超强超短激光的发展趋势进行了展望。