Geometric view factors for thermal radiation hazard assessment

Estimating the thermal radiation field surrounding a large fire involves characterization of the flame geometry and computation of radiant intensity at a given location. The latter requires computation of geometric view factors. In this article, closed form expressions that are common in the design of impoundment systems. These include tilted cylindrical and rectangular geometries. The computed geometric view factors compare very well with limited experimental data for circular geometries. The closed form expressions allow rapid computation of view factors that are necessary in estimating the fire hazards associated with large hydrocarbon pool fires.     

准分子激光电化学刻蚀硅的刻蚀质量研究

为了解决现有硅刻蚀工艺中存在的刻蚀质量等问题,采用激光加工技术和电化学加工技术相结合的工艺对硅进行了刻蚀,研究了该复合工艺的工艺特性。实验中采用248nm-KrF准分子激光作光源聚焦照射浸在KOH溶液中的阳极n-Si上,实现激光诱导电化学刻蚀。在实验的基础上,研究了激光电化学刻蚀Si的刻蚀孔的基本形貌,并对横向刻蚀和背面冲击等质量问题进行了分析。结果表明,该工艺刻蚀的孔表面质量好、垂直度高;解决了碱液中Si各向异性刻蚀的自停止问题,具有加工大深宽比微结构的能力;也具有不需光刻显影就能进行图形加工的优越性。     

丙烯酸十八酯-苯乙烯共聚物对含蜡原油改性效果与分子动力学模拟

合成了单体配比不同的丙烯酸十八酯-苯乙烯共聚物(OAS)降凝剂,采用实验与分子动力学模拟相结合的方法对降凝剂的性能进行评价.实验结果表明,OAS降凝剂的降凝减黏性能随丙烯酸十八酯比例的增加呈现出先增大后减小的趋势.在2000 mg/kg加剂量下,苯乙烯与丙烯酸十八酯摩尔比为1:3的降凝剂OAS-4能使含蜡原油凝点降低4...     

阴/两性离子表面活性剂复配体系界面性能探究

采用阴离子表面活性剂石油磺酸盐(PS-30)与两性离子表面活性剂月桂酰胺丙基羟磺基甜菜碱(LHSB)复配得到复配表面活性剂L/P,利用界面张力仪和驱油装置对表面活性剂的性能进行了评价.同时通过分子动力学模拟,分析了L/P在油水界面聚集作用的微观机理.实验结果表明,L/P的界面性能、驱油效果优于PS-30和LHSB,LH...     

基于ASD儿童需求分析的干预APP交互设计研究

目的 目前我国自闭症谱系障碍儿童数量逐年上升,为提升ASD儿童干预APP的训练效果、提高界面设计中合理决策的效率,提出一种基于Kano-熵权法的ASD儿童需求分析方法。方法 首先,基于Kano模型收集ASD儿童干预APP的需求,并根据相对满意度系数将其分为基本型、期望型、兴奋型三类;其次,运用熵权法计算各项需求指标的客观权重值;然后,结合权重值大小与ASD儿童干预训练的相关性进行案例设计实践,并通过人机交互测试验证基于ASD儿童需求分析的干预APP是否有效地发挥了干预APP的效能。结论 融合Kano-熵权法的ASD儿童干预APP交互设计,将需求指标分为内容性、操作性和视觉性三个维度且内容性需求所占比重最大,在此基础上运用人机交互测试验证APP的干预效果,发现改进后的APP可以丰富界面内容、提升干预操作、增强视觉吸引力。基于ASD儿童需求分析的干预APP交互设计通过对内容、操作及视觉性需求的优化,能够增强指示性、延长训练时长,提升干预训练的有效性,为后续相关设计提供了参考和依据。     

Graphene Oxide‐Template Controlled Cuboid‐Shaped High‐Capacity VS4 Nanoparticles as Anode for Sodium‐Ion Batteries

Room‐temperature sodium‐ion batteries have attracted great attentions for large‐scale energy storage applications in renewable energy. However, exploring suitable anode materials with high reversible capacity and cyclic stability is still a challenge. The VS₄, with parallel quasi‐1D chains structure of V⁴⁺(S₂^2?)₂, which provides large interchain distance of 5.83 Å and high capacity, has showed great potential for sodium storage. Here, the uniform cuboid‐shaped VS₄ nanoparticles are prepared as anode for sodium‐ion batteries by the controllable of graphene oxide (GO)‐template contents. It exhibits superb electrochemical performances of high‐specific charge capacity (≈580 mAh·g^?1 at 0.1 A·g^?1), long‐cycle‐life (≈98% retain at 0.5 A·g?¹ after 300 cycles), and high rates (up to 20 A·g^?1). In addition, electrolytes are optimized to understand the sodium storage mechanism. It is thus demonstrated that the findings have great potentials for the applications in high‐performance sodium‐ion batteries.     

Approximating class-departure variability in tandem queues with downtime events: Regression-based variability function

Predicting queue performance by approximating class-departure variability in tandem queues with downtime events via existing decomposition methods is neither accurate enough nor efficient enough. Analytic approximations, if conducted alone, lack accuracy but attempting to increase accuracy by incorporating simulation to analytic approximation has proved to require significant computation efforts. The aim of this paper is to reduce the latter inefficiency by modeling the Regression-Based Variability Function (RBVF) designed to approximate the between-class effect by exploiting the departure process from a single queue. The new approach predicts performance of n-tandem queues by reducing the focus to two-tandem queues for each traffic intensity level, as well as by modeling different policies of downtimes (e.g. first-come-first-served or priority). Numerical experiments demonstrate that the proposed RBVF delivers both accuracy and efficiency improvements: the relative errors associated with RBVF are about three times smaller than the best existing analytic procedures and the computation efforts associated with RBVF are about five times smaller than existing analytic procedure combined with simulation.     

Influence of FRP wrapping techniques on the compressive behavior of concrete prisms

Results of an experimental investigation on the compressive behavior of concrete prisms with square cross-section, externally wrapped with carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) sheets are presented. The effects of the following parameters were analyzed: local reinforcement at the corners and continuous layers; horizontal and vertical discontinuous strips; number of continuous layers—length of specimens.An analytical model is proposed to determine the maximum bearing capacity of compressed concrete members with square cross-section and externally wrapped with FRP for the different configurations examined, and also able to consider the strength reduction with the length increase of concrete members. Analytical results are then compared with the experimental data available in the literature, showing good agreement.     

The experimental behaviour of bolted joints in pultruded glass/ polyester material. Part 2: Two-bolt joints

Results reported in the literature for the behaviour of multi-bolt joints in composite materials can be contradictory, owing basically to the variation of the load distribution between the bolts. Therefore, the present investigation of the behaviour of two-bolt joints made from pultruded glass/polyester composite materials concentrates on the load distribution between the bolts. The results of this work show a tendency for the loads to equalize with increasing load. The achievement of full load redistribution has been found to depend on the amount of local deformation that can develop before the joint fails.     

Self-sensing piezoresistive cement composite loaded with carbon black particles

Strain sensors can be embedded in civil engineering infrastructures to perform real-time service life monitoring. Here, the sensing capability of piezoresistive cement-based composites loaded with carbon black (CB) particles is investigated. Several composite mixtures, with a CB filler loading up to 10% of binder mass, were mechanically tested under cyclic uniaxial compression, registering variations in electrical resistance as a function of deformation. The results show a reversible piezoresistive behaviour and a quasi-linear relation between the fractional change in resistivity and the compressive strain, in particular for those compositions with higher amount of CB. Gage factors of 30 and 24 were found for compositions containing 7 and 10% of binder mass, respectively. These findings suggest that the CB-cement composites may be a promising active material to monitor compressive strain in civil infrastructures such as concrete bridges and roadways.