国产风机盘管空调系统常见问题分析

分析了国产风机盘管使用中常见的问题,指出机组因风量不足、冷量风量匹配不合理以及风机盘管某些设备故障,导致了风机盘管精度低、舒适性差、能耗高等一系列问题。指出应引起空调设计和运行维护人员的注意。     

Indoor Air Quality: Exploring Policy Options to Reduce Human Exposures

Deciding between the different policy approaches available for reducing human exposures to indoor pollutants is an exceptionally complex task. These options can range from waiting until more definitive information is available to enacting regulatory standards, with many variations in between. This paper presents some of the factors policy-makers must consider in establishing indoor air quality policies, and the role researchers should play in ensuring that indoor air policies are based on the best available scientific information.     

冶金坑内矿多级机站通风系统设计

本文简要论述了冶金坑内矿多级机站通风系统设计的基本原则及计算方法，并给出一个设计实例。     

A comparative study of dust control practices in Chinese and Australian longwall coal mines

Mine dust is one of the main hazards in underground longwall mines worldwide.In order to solve the mine dust problem,a significant number of studies have been carried out regarding longwall mine dust control,both in China and Australia.This paper presents a comparative study of dust control practices in Chinese and Australian longwall mines,with particular references to statutory limits,dust monitoring methods and dust management practices,followed by a brief discussion on the research status of longwall mine dust control in both countries.The study shows that water infusion,face ventilation controls,water sprays,and deep and wet cutting in longwall shearer operations are commonly practiced in almost all underground longwall mines and that both Chinese and Australian longwall mine dust control practices have their own advantages and disadvantages.It is concluded that there is a need for further development and innovative design of more effective dust mitigation products or systems despite the development of various dust control technologies.Based on the examinations and discussions,the authors have made some recommendations for further research and development in dust control in longwall mines.It is hoped that this comparative study will provide beneficial guidance for scholars and engineers who are engaging in longwall mine dust control research and practice.     

Pilot Study for the Performance of a New Demand Control Ventilation System in Hong Kong

There are different ventilation control methods for outdoor air quantity in air-conditioned spaces to reduce the energy consumed in cooling the outdoor air. Demand controlled ventilation (DCV) is an important strategy to control the outdoor air quantity. However, the current practice in DCV systems creates several problems for air-conditioned office buildings. Although metabolic carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration is mainly used as a surrogate indicator for ventilation adequacy, the conventional DCV system does not seriously consider the placement location of the CO2 sensor, and it does not take into account the adverse effects of the consequential increase in pollutant concentrations in the indoor space when the fresh airflow rate is reduced. In this study, a long period of subjective and objective measurements were conducted in an occupied office to examine its suitability for conversion to a new demand controlled ventilation system (nDCV). After the feasibility investigation, an nDCV system was developed to optimize the energy consumed for outdoor air ventilation while providing the desirable thermal comfort and indoor air quality. The true optimization of this nDCV is achieved by a new concept of the optimized indoor air quality window which determines the most representative locations for the indicator sensors. A minimum ventilation rate is determined by a calibration procedure for the pollutant inventory of a building, taking into account the infiltration characteristics. Radon gas, which is a notorious carcinogenic indoor pollutant, is used as a reference to determine the minimum fresh airflow rate. The findings show that this nDCV system reduced 16% of fresh air cooling energy consumption without jeopardizing the thermal comfort and indoor air quality.     

大亚湾核电站汽轮机电液控制阀模块烧损原因分析

大亚湾核电站2号机组曾多次发生汽轮机电液控制阀门模块内部直流调压块烧损事件,本文对该模块烧损的原因进行了分析。结果表明,导致汽轮机电液控制阀门直流调压块烧损的主要原因是:内部三极管质量有缺陷、阀门模块的结构过于紧凑,以及其控制机柜通风散热不良导致三极管长期在过热的情况下运行。针对故障原因采取了有效的纠正行动。     

山东石城矿区通风系统的建立及其应用效果

根据金洲矿业集团石城矿区的实际情况,将脉内顺路天井群作为回风井,建立机械化通风系统。此外,阐述了长期利用自然通风的中小型金属矿山在通风过程中遇到的一些问题和解决方法,以便取得良好的通风效果,为井下作业人员创造舒适、高效的工作环境。     

储粮通风降水系统的研究

通过对9种机械通风降水系统的研究,优选出全敞式地槽鼓风降水系统、地上风道鼓风降水系统、排风扇等负压通风降水系统等三类通风降水系统。对含水量为16～17％的玉米进行试验,能够有效地降低到安全水分13％,对保持储粮品质具有良好的作用。其风网设计较为合理,气流分布较为均匀。通风降水系统中,单位风量、管道风速、表层风速、静压、开孔率、途径比等测定数据均符合设计要求,具有效果好、能耗低、费用少的经济效益和社会效益。     

Study of the Technological Parameters of Ultrasonic Nebulization

The principle of an ultrasonic nebulizer is based on the vibrations of a piezoelectric crystal driven by an alternating electrical field. These periodic vibrations are characterized by their frequency, their amplitude, and their intensity, which corresponds to the energy transmitted per surface unit. When the vibration intensity is sufficient, cavitation occurs, and droplets are generated. Ventilation enables airflow to cross the nebulizer and to expel the aerosol droplets. For a given nebulizer, the vibration frequency of the piezoelectric crystal is fixed, often in the range 1–2.5 MHz. In most cases, an adjustment in vibration intensity is possible by modifying vibration amplitude. The ventilation level is adjustable. The vibrations may be transmitted through a coupling liquid—commonly water—to a nebulizer cup containing the solution to be aerosolized. In this work, we studied the influence of the technological parameters of ultrasonic nebulization on nebulization quality. Our study was carried out with a 9% sodium chloride solution and a 2% protein solution (α1 protease inhibitor). Three different ultrasonic nebulizers were used. An increase in vibration frequency decreased the size of droplets emitted. The coupling liquid absorbed the energy produced by the ultrasonic vibrations and canceled out any heating of the solution, which is particularly interesting for thermosensitive drugs. An increase in vibration intensity did not modify the size of droplets emitted, but decreased nebulization time and raised the quantity of protein nebulized, thus improving performance. On the other hand, an increase in ventilation increased the size of emitted droplets and decreased nebulization time and the quantity of protein nebulized because more drug was lost on the walls of the nebulizer. High intensity associated with low ventilation favors drug delivery deep into the lungs.