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排序方式: 共有7913条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
《International Journal of Hydrogen Energy》2022,47(8):5638-5649
The sustainable reduction of greenhouse gas emissions from road transport requires solutions to achieve net-zero carbon dioxide emissions. Therefore, in addition to vehicles with electrified powertrains, such as those implemented in battery electric of fuel cell vehicles, internal combustion engines fueled with e-fuels or biofuels are also under discussion. An e-fuel that has come into focus recently, is hydrogen due to its potential to achieve zero tank-to-wheel and well-to-wheel carbon dioxide emissions when the electrolysis is powered by electricity from renewable sources. Due to the high laminar burning velocity, hydrogen has the potential for engine operation with high cylinder charge dilution by e.g. external exhaust gas recirculation or enleanment, resulting in increased efficiency. On the other hand, the high burning velocity and high adiabatic flame temperatures pose a challenge for engine cooling due to increased heat losses compared to conventional fuels. To further evaluate the use of hydrogen for small passenger car engines, a series production 1 L 3 cylinder gasoline engine provided by Ford Werke GmbH was modified for hydrogen direct injection. The engine was equipped with a high pressure external exhaust gas recirculation system to investigate charge dilution at stoichiometric operation. Due to limitations of the turbocharging system, very lean operation, which can achieve nitrogen oxides raw emissions below 10 ppm, was limited to part load operation below BMEP = 8 bar. Thus, a reduction of the nitrogen oxides emission level at high loads compared to stoichiometric operation was not possible. At stoichiometric operation with external exhaust gas recirculation engine efficiency can be increased significantly. The comparison of stoichiometric hydrogen and gasoline operation shows a reduced indicated efficiency with hydrogen with significant faster combustion of hydrogen at comparable centers of combustion. However, higher boost pressures would allow to achieve even higher indicated efficiencies by charge dilution compared to gasoline engine operation. 相似文献
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David L. Wood Jeffrey D. Quass Jianlin Li Shabbir Ahmed David Ventola Claus Daniel 《Drying Technology》2018,36(2):234-244
Processing lithium-ion battery (LIB) electrode dispersions with water as the solvent during primary drying offers many advantages over N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP). An in-depth analysis of the comparative drying costs of LIB electrodes is discussed for both NMP- and water-based dispersion processing in terms of battery pack $/kWh. Electrode coating manufacturing and capital equipment cost savings are compared for water vs. conventional NMP organic solvent processing. A major finding of this work is that the total electrode manufacturing costs, whether water- or NMP-based, contribute about 8–9% of the total pack cost. However, it was found that up to a 2?×?reduction in electrode processing (drying and solvent recovery) cost can be expected along with a $3–6?M savings in associated plant capital equipment (for a plant producing 100,000 10-kWh Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle (PHEV) batteries) using water as the electrode solvent. This paper shows a different perspective in that the most important benefits of aqueous electrode processing actually revolve around capital equipment savings and environmental stewardship and not processing cost savings. 相似文献
4.
随着掘进工作面自动化程度的提高,掘进巷道速度也在日益加快,而现有的顺槽皮带机机尾移动缓慢且移动时工作量大,需要两三人配合操作,存在一定的安全隐患。针对以上问题,研发可调偏迈步式胶带自移机尾,具有与悬挂二运皮带转载机搭接行程长,可以迈步式前进,自动调偏等功能,同时,可以降低工人的劳动强度,加快巷道掘进速度。 相似文献
5.
Numerical dissipation acts as artificial viscosity to make smoke viscous. Reducing numerical dissipation is able to recover visual details smeared out by the numerical dissipation. Great efforts have been devoted to suppress the numerical dissipation in smoke simulation in the past few years. In this paper we investigate methods of combating the numerical dissipation. We describe visual consequences of the numerical dissipation and explore sources that introduce the numerical dissipation into course of smoke simulation. Methods are investigated from various aspects including grid variation, high-order advection, sub-grid compensation, invariant conservation, and particle-based improvement, followed by discussion and comparison in terms of visual quality, computational overhead, ease of implementation, adaptivity, and scalability, which leads to their different applicability to various application scenarios. 相似文献
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在油气井的试油测试资料中,压力恢复曲线有时会出现下滑现象,常被认为是施工失误所致。本文以实际资料为例,分析了“下滑恢复”的压力响应特征和影响因素,认为只在低渗透地层有可能产生“下滑恢复”现象,并提出了避免“下滑恢复”的施工建议。 相似文献
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From its foundation until 2004, ETRI has registered over 1,000 US patents. This letter analyzes the characteristics of these patents and addresses the explanatory factors affecting their citation counts. For explanatory variables, research team related variables, invention specific variables, and geographical domain related variables are suggested. Zero‐altered count data models are used to test the impact of independent variables. A key finding is that technological cumulativeness, the scale of invention, outputs in the electronic field, and the degree of dependence on the US technology domain positively affect the citation counts of ETRI‐invented US patents. The magnitude of international presence appears to negatively affect the citation counts of ETRI‐invented US patents. 相似文献
10.
VTI介质的AVO理论与应用研究 总被引:3,自引:2,他引:1
羊屋三维处理解释一体化方法研究组 《石油地球物理勘探》2002,37(4):363-371
AVO(Amplitude Versus Offset)技术的研究已有30多年的发展历程,其中有起有落,近两年在国际上该技术的应用又日趋广泛,发展较快,在寻找隐蔽性和裂缝性油气藏方面,AVO具有其他方法不能替代的作用,本文通过对羊屋三维数据的处理,解释一体化的研究,发现VTI各向异性介质对动校正存在较大的时差影响,本次研究成功地应用VTI介质成像理论对该地区地震数据进行了时差校正,同时采用时频域球面发散和吸收补偿加地表一致性(炮点,接收点和炮检距项)反褶积较好的振幅和频率补偿结果,并实现了相对保持振幅的要求,通过此次处理,解释一体化研究,发现了一块具有第二类AVO特性的,在常规成像条件下无法识别的地质异常体。 相似文献