低温等离子体用于柴油机尾气脱硝的实验

柴油机作为卡车、重型机械以及船舶的主动力装置仍被广泛采用,其尾气中氮氧化物的脱除技术也是目前的研究热点。本文搭建了模拟柴油机尾气的配气系统,采用介质阻挡放电产生低温等离子体（non-thermal plasma,NTP）的方法对模拟柴油机尾气进行了脱硝的实验研究。实验结果表明：针对本系统,电源效率和能量密度随着输入电压的增大而升高,当输入电压高于60V时,电源效率在90%以上;在O₂/N₂条件下,随着O₂浓度以及能量密度的增加,NO生成量逐渐增加,NO₂生成量先增加后降低最终趋于稳定;在NO/N₂条件下,低温等离子体对NO的脱除率接近100%;在NO/O₂/N₂条件下,随着NO浓度的增加,临界O₂浓度升高,O₂体积分数为1%时脱硝效率在90%以上,O₂体积分数高于14%时低温等离子体的脱硝率为负值,且随着能量密度的增加,生成的NO _x 浓度也更高,O₂浓度对低温等离子体的脱硝性能起决定性作用;在低能量密度时,加入NH₃会提高脱硝性能,高能量密度时NH₃会略微降低NTP的脱硝性能,当加入H₂O模拟真实柴油机尾气成分且喷氨时,获得的脱硝率最高为40.6%。     

射流卷吸边界层内相干结构的实验研究

在轴对称水射流实验台上,采用单帧长曝光图像法,测量了出口Reynolds数在1849~2509范围内的卷吸边界层内流场结构。发现在流向距离L=2D~3.5D,径向距离H=D~1.25D的区域内,流场中吞噬作用和侵蚀作用两种卷吸模式交替出现。分析得到,当Re>1915时,吞噬作用所占的比例随着Re的增大而增大,当Re>2311之后,Reynolds数对该结构发生概率的影响降低;通过快速傅里叶变换得到该相干结构发生的频率在10～19Hz之间;吞噬作用发生的同时在流场中观测到一些特殊涡结构。同时采用运动单帧长曝光图像法对射流流场进行拉格朗日法观测,发现射流流场中的涡结构一般存在于湍流与非湍流界面附近。     

广东某区域土壤中有效钼的测定

针对传统极谱法测定效率不高、操作复杂等问题,建立一种快速简便的电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)测定土壤中有效钼的方法。样品经草酸-草酸铵溶液浸提,干过滤后直接测定。线性相关系数≥0.999 4,方法检出限为0.001mg/kg,日间和日内精密度≤4.24%,回收率在86.0%～93.0%之间,土壤有效态成分分析标准物质GBW07414a和GBW07458的测得值与标准值吻合度高,方法准确度好。有效用于批量土壤样品分析,为调查土壤中有效钼提供可靠方法。     

PARTICLE SIZE AND MICROSTRUCTURE OF Ni NANOPOWDERS PREPARED BY ANODIC ARC PLASMA

Pure Ni nanopowders were successfully prepared by the method of anodic arc discharged plasma with homemade experimental apparatus. The particle size, mircostructure and morphology of the particles by this process were characterized via X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and the corresponding selected area electron diffraction (SAED); The specific surface area and pore parameters were investigated by multi-point full analysis of nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherms at 77K by BrunauerEmmett-Teller (BET) surface area analyzer; The chemical composition were determined by X-ray energy dispersive spectrometry (XEDS) equipped in SEM and element analyze instrument. The experiment results indicate that the samples by this method with high purity, the crystal structure of the particles is as same as the bulk material, is fcc structure, with average particle sizes about 47nm, ranging from 20 to 70nm, and distributed uniformly in spherical chain shapes, the specific surface areavis 14.23m^2/g, pore volume of pore is 0.09cm^3/g and average pore diameter is 23nm.     

PHOTOCATALYTIC PERFORMANCE OF PLASMA SPRAYED TiO2-ZnFe2O4 COATINGS

A novel TiO2-ZnFe2O4 coating is prepared by plasma spraying. The effects of spraying parameters and the composition of powders on the microstructure, surface morphology and photo-absorption of plasma sprayed coatings are studied. The photocatalytic efficiency of the as-sprayed coatings is evaluated through the photo mineralization of methylene blue, It was found that TiO2 coatings can decompose methylene blue under the illumination of ultraviolet rays, and the degrading efficiency is improved with an increase in the content of FeTiO3 in the coatings. However, the presence of large amount of ZnFe2O4 compound will substantially lower the photocatalytic efficiency of the TiO2-ZnFe2O4 coatings for the unfavorable photo-excited electron-hole transfer process.     

热等离子体技术处理处置危险废物

等离子体是物质存在的第四种状态，是由电子、离子、原子、分子或自由基等粒子组成的集合体，具有宏观尺度内的电中性与高导电性。等离子体可分为热等离子体与冷等离子体。     

Plasma spray forming of functionally graded materials mould

A new technology of functionally graded materials(FGM) mould fabricated by plasma spraying and arc spraying was developed. According to applied characteristic of plastic mould, the reasonable coatings of FGM were designed and their microstructures were analyzed. At the same time, some key problems were solved including spray mould fabricating, FGM forming and demoulding, etc. The results show that the service performance of the FGM mould is much more excellent than the one composed of the traditional materials, and the life span can also be greatly increased. The technology will have a significant influence on materials development in mould industry.     

磨料浆体射流切割中添加剂的性能及试验研究

结合高聚物添加剂的特性，讨论其在磨料射流切割中的作用。研究了使用高聚物添加剂后的切割效果、特点。首次分析了磨料浆体射流中比能耗的变化趋势，并进行了相关试验结果的机理分析。     

CO2激光焊接不锈钢光致等离子体动态特性分析

光致等离子体是CO2激光焊接中一个重要的物理现象，它与焊接的稳定性、焊接质量及能量利用率等都有密切的关系。利用高速摄像及光信号监测两种手段对等离子体的动态变化过程及其对焊接稳定性的影响进行了深入的研究。提出了等离子体的变化每个周期内分为四个阶段，而影响焊接稳定性的根本原因是等离子体在穿透与未穿透之间的波动。     

等离子体处理条件对聚酰亚胺薄膜表面处理效果的影响

采用氧气等离子体对聚酰亚胺薄膜进行表面处理,系统研究了等离子体处理时间、压强和功率对处理效果的影响,并对比了空气、氮气、氧气和氩气几种处理气氛的处理效果,得出了最佳处理条件。分析表明:聚酰亚胺薄膜经氧气等离子体处理后,表面引入了含氧极性基团,有明显的刻蚀现象,使得其亲水性增强,与铜箔复合的剥离强度提高。