Simple and economic syntheses of some (Z)-7- and (Z)-9-alkenyl acetates,and of (E,Z)-7,9-dodecadien-1-yl acetate,the sex pheromone of the European grapevine moth,using aleuritic acid as a common starting material

Short syntheses of (Z)-7-dodecen-1-yl acetate, (Z)-7-tetradecen-1-yl acetate, (Z)-9-dodecen-1-yl acetate, and (Z)-9-tetradecen-1-yl acetate from 7-hydroxyheptanal and 9-oxononanoic acid precursors obtained by oxidative cleavage of easily available aleuritic acid are reported. The key step in these syntheses is a stereoselective Wittig reaction between aldehyde and alkyl-phosphonium salt. Wittig-Horner type reaction of 7-hydroxyheptanal and diethyl cyanomethylphosphonate gave the ,-unsaturated nitrile derivative which after protection of the hydroxyl group was reduced to the corresponding aldehyde. Wittig reaction of the latter, followed by acetylation, completed the synthesis of (E,Z)-7,9-dodecadien-1-yl acetate, the sex pheromone of the European grapevine mothLobesia botrana Schiff.     

侧链为亚乙氧基结构的EVOH梳型聚合物的合成

以乙烯-乙烯醇共聚物(EVOH)为原料，制备了一种主链为疏水的聚乙烯链段，侧链具有亚乙氧基结构的多羟基梳形聚合物，用元素分析法、凝胶渗透色谱法、核磁共振谱法对其进行了结构表征；用热重分析法和示差扫描量热法对其热学性能进行了表征。结果表明，接枝后产物的玻璃化转变温度在-52--40℃之间，熔点在55～600℃之间，由于侧链的引入破坏了EVOH的结晶，因此梳形聚合物的热分解温度比EVOH降低了约20℃。     

Variation in relative quantities of airborne sex pheromone components from individual femaleEphestia cautella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)

The airborne sex pheromone components (Z,E)-9,12-tetradeca-dien-1-yl acetate and (Z)-9-tetradecen-1-y1 acetate from single calling females ofEphestia cautella (Walker) were trapped within glass capillary tubes and were measured by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Broad and similar distributions of relative quantities were found for a laboratory strain and three Australian field strains, and means differed strongly from those reported previously for this species. The overall mean proportion of the two components found for Australian females was 8812. The composition in individuals ranged from 6327 to 973. The proportions for individuals appeared to vary slightly in a random fashion from day to day, and proportions for first-generation progeny were influenced by the maternal blend.Author order in this paper is alphabetical     

α_1-抗胰蛋白酶的制备及其防治急性肺损伤的疗效

目的　以FIV 1为原料 ,制备较高纯度α1 AT制剂 ,用该制剂干预急性肺损伤动物模型作疗效考核。方法　FIV 1抽提液经PEG沉淀 ,离子交换 ,病毒灭活、超滤、除菌、分装 ,冻干制备α1 AT制剂。用急性肺损伤动物模型 ,比较静脉注射与雾化吸入α1 AT的治疗效果。结果　 3批制剂纯度 >70 % ,无菌、热原、安全试验均符合生物制品规程要求。静脉注射或雾化吸入 ,可降低由内毒素诱发急性肺损伤程度。结论　α1 AT制备工艺适合大规模生产。在防治急性肺损伤时有一定效果     

Enzymatic esterification of glycerol II. Lipase-catalyzed synthesis of regioisomerically pure 1(3)-rac-monoacylglycerols

Regioisomerically pure 1(3)-rac-monoacylglycerols are conveniently prepared in high yields (>75%) and in multigram quantities by enzymatic esterification of glycerol in the presence of various lipases(Chromobacterium viscosum, Rhizopus delemar, Rhizomucor miehei) with a variety of different acyl donors, such as free fatty acids, fatty acid alkyl esters, vinyl esters and triacylglycerols, as well as natural fats and oils. All reactions are carried out in aprotic organic solvents with low water content, namelyn-hexane, diethyl ether, tBuOMe or mixtures of these solvents. Essential for the success of these transformations were the following two factors. First, the creation of an artificial interphase between the solvent-immiscible hydrophilic glycerol and the hydrophobic reaction medium by its adsorption onto a solid support. Second, a facile system for the separation of the desired monoacylglycerol from the reaction mixture, coupled with the continuous recycling of acyl donor and undesirable by-products.     

Gasoline composition determined by H NMR spectroscopy

A fast and simple ¹H NMR spectroscopic method was developed for the concentration measurement of aromatic, olefinic and aliphatic fractions in gasoline samples. Simultaneously, individual components such as benzene, methyl tert-butyl ether and several dienes could be determined. The method relies on only a few, well-established assumptions about the molecular compositions and is therefore applicable to a broad range of gasolines. It is well suited for laboratories with high sample throughput since measurement time is short and all concentrations are determined within one NMR experiment. The method was applied to commercial gasolines and samples used in European round robin tests. Comparisons of NMR and round robin test results showed excellent agreement.     

二聚炔醇酸性介质缓蚀剂的合成与应用

对二聚炔醇化合物ＤＭＨ的合成、分子结构及缓蚀作用机理进行了论述。因ＤＭＨ化合物具有独特的分子结构，形成了稳定的络合体系及基团的屏蔽效应，增加了缓蚀被膜厚度及缓蚀体系的化学稳定性，实验证实ＤＭＨ是酸性介质中的高效缓蚀剂。     

乙烯二聚制高纯丁烯－1技术经济评价

本文对生产高纯度丁烯－１的Ａｌｐｈａｂｎｔｏｌ工艺进行了技术经济评价，认为该工艺条件简单、反应条件温和，而且投资少，所以很适合事在发展中国家应用。     

Bulk and Interphase Effects in Aged Structural Joints

Although structural adhesives are becoming widespread in numerous applications, one important limitation at present is the long term behaviour of bonded assemblies under conditions of high humidity, especially at elevated temperatures. This study presents a comparison between bulk properties of a structural epoxy resin and its behaviour in a torsional joint consisting of a hollowed-out cylinder bonded to a plate—both substrates being in stainless steel. Exposure to ca. 100% relative humidity at 70°C leads to modification of the bulk properties of the polymer, notably reduction of its elastic modulus. Although this may explain some differences in behaviour of the torsional joint, premature failure is attributed to weaknesses in the interphase zone.

Auger Electron Spectroscopy (AES) has been employed to investigate both unbonded steel surfaces and fracture zones. Although prolonged exposure to water leads to a more extensive degree of (apparently) adhesive failure at the interface polymer/metal, AES has shown the presence of non-negligible quantities of carbon, attributed to residual polymer. Failure would seem to occur, at least partly, in a weak interphase of the polymer, near, but not at, the interface.

Various possible causes are evoked. For dry failure, residual polymer may be due to the topography of the metal surface and/or local modification of the adhesive during cure. In the case of aged joints, in addition there are potential effects due to swelling and differential stresses, secondary bond failure and molecular chain scission within the polymer, all provoked by the presence of water.