辐射诱导增强p53重组腺病毒转染对人结直肠癌细胞的抑制

探讨了辐射诱导对p53重组腺病毒载体转染p53突变型结直肠癌细胞(HT-29细胞系)的影响.以复制缺陷型重组腺病毒载体(AdCMV-GFP)为对照,用复制缺陷型p53重组腺病毒载体(AdCMV-p53)转染经0.5、1.0、2.0 Gy γ射线照射的HT-29细胞,用流式细胞分析法检测细胞凋亡和p53蛋白表达,并用克隆形成法测定细胞增殖能力.结果表明,0.5 Gy辐射诱导明显提高了AdCMV-p53转染对HT-29细胞的抑制,促进细胞凋亡.0.5Gy辐射诱导对AdCMV-p53转染HT-29细胞的抑制杀伤的增强作用最强,0.5 Gy辐射诱导及40 MOI和80 MOIAdCMV-p53转染对肿瘤的抑制率比同等剂量下单纯转染组分别提高约50%和20%,比0.5 Gy单纯辐照组提高40%.因此,0.5 Gy辐射诱导可有效增加低于80 MOI AdCMV-p53转染对HT-29细胞的抑制作用.辐射诱导AdCMV-p53转染HT-29细胞以最大辐射剂量不超过1.0 Gy及AdCMV-p53转染量低于80MOI为宜.     

EAPB0503, an Imidazoquinoxaline Derivative Modulates SENP3/ARF Mediated SUMOylation,and Induces NPM1c Degradation in NPM1 Mutant AML

Nucleophosmin-1 (NPM1) is a pleiotropic protein involved in numerous cellular processes. NPM1 shuttles between the nucleus and the cytoplasm, but exhibits a predominant nucleolar localization, where its fate and functions are exquisitely controlled by dynamic post-translational modifications (PTM). Sentrin/SUMO Specific Peptidase 3 (SENP3) and ARF are two nucleolar proteins involved in NPM1 PTMs. SENP3 antagonizes ARF-mediated NPM1 SUMOylation, to promote ribosomal biogenesis. In Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML), NPM1 is frequently mutated, and exhibits an aberrant cytoplasmic localization (NPM1c). NPM1c mutations define a separate AML entity with good prognosis in some AML patients, rendering NPM1c as a potential therapeutic target. SENP3-mediated NPM1 de-SUMOylation induces resistance to therapy in NPM1c AML. Here, we demonstrate that the imidazoquinoxaline EAPB0503 prolongs the survival and results in selective reduction in the leukemia burden of NPM1c AML xenograft mice. Indeed, EAPB0503 selectively downregulates HDM2 expression and activates the p53 pathway in NPM1c expressing cells, resulting in apoptosis. Importantly, we unraveled that NPM1c expressing cells exhibit low basal levels of SUMOylation paralleled with high SENP3 and low ARF basal levels. EAPB0503 reverted these molecular players by inducing NPM1c SUMOylation and ubiquitylation, leading to its proteasomal degradation. EAPB0503-induced NPM1c SUMOylation is concurrent with SENP3 downregulation and ARF upregulation in NPM1c expressing cells. Collectively, these results provide a strong rationale for testing therapies modulating NPM1c post-translational modifications in the management of NPM1c AML.     

The p53-, Bax- and p21-dependent inhibition of colon cancer cell growth by 5-hydroxy polymethoxyflavones

Scope: Previously, we reported that 5‐hydroxy polymethoxyflavones (5OH‐PMFs) isolated from orange, namely 5‐hydroxy‐6,7,8,3′,4′‐pentamethoxyflavone, 5‐hydroxy‐3,6,7,8,3′,4′‐hexamethoxyflavone (5HHMF) and 5‐hydroxy‐6,7,8,4′‐tetramethoxyflavone (5HTMF), potently induced apoptosis and cell‐cycle arrest in multiple human colon cancer cells. Herein, using isogenic variants of HCT116 human colon cancer cells, we investigated the effects of p53, Bax and p21 on the apoptosis and cell‐cycle arrest induced by different 5OH‐PMFs. Methods and results: Annexin V/PI co‐staining assay demonstrated that 5HHMF and 5HTMF significantly induced apoptosis in HCT116 (p53^+/+) cells but not in HCT116 (p53^?/?) cells. Furthermore, 5HHMF and 5HTMF significantly induced apoptosis in HCT116 (Bax^+/?) cells, whereas their pro‐apoptotic effects on HCT116 (Bax^?/?) cells were marginal. All three 5OH‐PMFs increased G0/G1 cell population of HCT116 (p53^+/+) cells, and these effects were abolished in HCT116 (p53^?/?) and HCT116 (p21^?/?) cells. Immunoblotting analysis showed that 5HHMF and 5HTMF increased the levels of cleaved caspase‐3, cleaved PARP in both HCT116 (p53^+/+) and HCT116 (Bax^+/?) cells and these effects were much weaker in HCT116 (p53^?/?) and HCT116 (Bax^?/?) cells. Conclusion: Our results demonstrated that 5OH‐PMFs, especially 5HHMF and 5HTMF, induce apoptosis and cell‐cycle arrest by p53‐, Bax‐ and p21‐dependent mechanism.     

Inhibition of p53 deSUMOylation Exacerbates Puromycin Aminonucleoside-Induced Apoptosis in Podocytes

Apoptosis is a major cause of reduced podocyte numbers, which leads to proteinuria and/or glomerulosclerosis. Emerging evidence has indicated that deSUMOylation, a dynamic post-translational modification that reverses SUMOylation, is involved in the apoptosis of Burkitt’s lymphoma cells and cardiomyocytes; however, the impact of deSUMOylation on podocyte apoptosis remains unexplored. The p53 protein plays a major role in the pathogenesis of podocyte apoptosis, and p53 can be SUMOylated. Therefore, in the present study, we evaluated the effect of p53 deSUMOylation, which is regulated by sentrin/SUMO-specific protease 1 (SENP1), on podocyte apoptosis. Our results showed that SENP1 deficiency significantly increases puromycin aminonucleoside (PAN)-induced podocyte apoptosis. Moreover, SENP1 knockdown results in the accumulation of SUMOylated p53 protein and the increased expression of the p53 target pro-apoptotic genes, BAX, Noxa and PUMA, in podocytes during PAN stimulation. Thus, SENP1 may be essential for preventing podocyte apoptosis, at least partly through regulating the functions of p53 protein via deSUMOylation. The regulation of deSUMOylation may provide a novel strategy for the treatment of glomerular disorders that involve podocyte apoptosis.     

苏里格气田苏53区块南部地区有效砂体预测

鄂尔多斯盆地苏里格气田苏53区块勘探开发的主力层位为下二叠统石盒子组8段和下二叠统山西组1段,为确定该区块总体低渗透背景下相对高渗透储集砂体的分布规律、优选出天然气相对富集区,在综合利用气藏勘探、开发过程中获得的地震、地质、测井、钻井以及开发动态资料的基础上,应用相控条件随机模拟方法建立了定量的储层地质模型（包括单砂体模型和物性参数模型,其中物性参数模型又包括孔隙度模型、渗透率模型和含气饱和度模型）,对该区块南部地区大面积低渗透、低丰度背景下有效储集砂体的展布规律及井间储层参数进行了预测。结果表明：①该区块有效储层主要分布在中南部和西部,以低孔隙度、低渗透率储层为主,其分布受沉积相控制明显,以河道砂为主的有效储层孔隙度明显高于其他岩性储层;②相对高孔隙度、高渗透率储层在侧向上和纵向均被相对低孔隙度、低渗透率储层所分隔,孔隙度、渗透率井间差异较大。     

The Complete Loss of p53 Expression Uniquely Predicts Worse Prognosis in Colorectal Cancer

p53 immunohistochemistry is considered an accurate surrogate marker reflecting the underlying TP53 mutation status and has utility in tumor diagnostics. In the present study, 269 primary CRCs were immunohistochemically evaluated for p53 expression to assess its utility in diagnostic pathology and prognostication. p53 expression was wild-type in 59 cases (23%), overexpressed in 143 cases (55%), completely lost in 50 cases (19%), and cytoplasmic in 10 cases (4%). p53 immunoreactivity was associated with tumor size (p = 0.0056), mucus production (p = 0.0015), and mismatch repair (MMR) system status (p < 0.0001). Furthermore, among CRCs with wild-type p53 expression, a significantly higher number of cases had decreased CDX2 than those with p53 overexpression (p = 0.012) or complete p53 loss (p = 0.043). In contrast, among CRCs with p53 overexpression, there were significantly fewer ALCAM-positive cases than p53 wild-type cases (p = 0.0045). However, no significant association was detected between p53 immunoreactivity and the “stem-like” immunophenotype defined by CDX2 downregulation and ALCAM-positivity. Multivariate Cox hazards regression analysis identified tubular-forming histology (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.17, p < 0.0001), younger age (HR = 0.52, p = 0.021), and female sex (HR = 0.55, p = 0.046) as potential favorable factors. The analysis also revealed complete p53 loss (HR = 2.16, p = 0.0087), incomplete resection (HR = 2.65, p = 0.0068), and peritoneal metastasis (HR = 5.32, p < 0.0001) as potential independent risk factors for patients with CRC. The sub-cohort survival analyses classified according to chemotherapy after surgery revealed that CRC patients with wild-type p53 expression tended to have better survival than those with overexpression or complete loss after chemotherapy. Thus, immunohistochemistry for p53 could be used for the prognostication and chemotherapy target selection of patients with CRC.     

辐射基因治疗黑色素瘤的实验研究

研究低剂量辐射结合腺病毒(AdCMV)载体介导的p53基因转导对人黑色素瘤A375细胞系基因转移效率和辐射敏感性的影响.用复制缺陷的重组腺病毒载体(AdCMV-p53)介导入p53基因转染1 Gy X-射线预辐照的A375细胞系,RT-PCR检测mRNA水平,流式细胞仪测定细胞周期阻滞及外源性P53蛋白表达情况,克隆形成率测定辐射后细胞存活率.用携带报道基因的复制缺陷重组腺病毒载体AdCMV-GFP作为对照.实验结果表明,1 Gy X-射线辐照可较高地增加AdCMV-p53对A375细胞的基因转导效率,转导的外源性野生型p53可在A375(wtp53)细胞中高效表达,并诱导细胞周期G1期阻滞;单纯转导p53对A375细胞无明显诱导凋亡和生长抑制效应;而转导p53后给予X-射线辐射,当剂量达到4 Gy及其以上时,48h后AdCMV-p53感染组细胞开始出现明显形态改变,克隆存活率明显低于AdCMV-GFP感染组和未感染组,显示存活曲线下移,4Gy时细胞存活率就减少了1个量级.小剂量辐射既可有效增加AdCMV-p53介导的p53转导,又不会对患者产生明显副作用;转导野生型p53的人黑色素瘤A375细胞系显示P53过表达;过表达的P53蛋白虽然对A375细胞无明显生长抑制及凋亡诱导作用,但可明显增加其辐射敏感性.这表明p53是基因治疗黑色素瘤较好的侯选基因,也为临床上放疗联合基因治疗黑色素瘤提供了实验室依据,即减轻临床上对于辐射敏感性差的肿瘤单纯大剂量照射或单纯基因疗法中rAd-p53制品用量过大而给病人造成的毒副作用.     

New compacton soliton solutions and solitary patterns solutions of nonlinearly dispersive Boussinesq equations

The special exact solutions of nonlinearly dispersive Boussinesq equations (called B(m,n) equations), u_tt−u_xx−a(uⁿ)_xx+b(u^m)_xxxx=0, is investigated by using four direct ansatze. As a result, abundant new compactons: solitons with the absence of infinite wings, solitary patterns solutions having infinite slopes or cups, solitary waves and singular periodic wave solutions of these two equations are obtained. The variant is extended to include linear dispersion to support compactons and solitary patterns in the linearly dispersive Boussinesq equations with m=1. Moreover, another new compacton solution of the special case, B(2,2) equation, is also found.     

Selection of NF membrane to improve quality of chemically treated surface water

The requirement for higher quality drinking water necessitates the application of more efficient water treatment techniques. Nanofiltration is one promising option for enhanced water treatment, for example, in enhanced organic matter removal. The characteristics of different nanofiltration membranes vary remarkably, and the selection of a membrane has to be made according to the requirements of an application. In this study six nanofiltration membranes (NF70, NF255, NTR-7450, NTR-7410, Desal-5 and TFC-S) were evaluated in improving the quality of chemically pre-treated surface water in a pilot-scale process. The results indicate that the membrane with high organics removal and slightly reduced ion removal characteristics (NF255) performed best in terms of product water quality as well as membrane productivity and fouling. The most permeable membrane (NTR-7410) suffered intensive fouling and insufficient product water quality. An interesting finding was that the permeates of all the tested membranes possessed a significant potential for microbial growth, despite the low nutrient contents.     

Analysis and avoidance of singularities for local G 1 surface interpolation of Bézier curve network with 4-valent nodes

We propose a local method of constructing piecewise G ¹ Bézier patches to span a Bézier curve network with odd- and 4-valent node points. We analyze all possible singular cases of the G ¹ condition that is to be met by the curve network interpolation and propose a new G ¹ continuity condition using linear and quartic scalar weight functions. Using this condition, a curve network can be interpolated without modification at 4-valent nodes with two collinear tangent vectors, even in the presence of singularities. We demonstrate our approach by generating G ¹ surfaces over the curve network which includes singularities at its node vertices and edges.